scholarly journals J. David Jackson (January 19, 1925–May 20, 2016): A Biographical Memoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Robert N. Cahn
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Superconducting Super Collider ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Andrei Sakharov ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Physical Phenomena

John David (“Dave”) Jackson, a Canadian-born theoretical physicist, contributed significantly to particle, nuclear, and atomic physics. He is best known, however, for his text Classical Electrodynamics, which has been a fixture in physics graduate education around the world for more than 50 years. It is generally referred to simply as “Jackson.” This textbook, which has inspired fear and wonder alike in generations of students, clearly reflects the author's fascination with physical phenomena, his renowned mathematical dexterity, and his appreciation of the elegance of physical laws. Jackson's major contributions to research included the theory of muon-catalyzed fusion; the analysis, with Kurt Gottfried, of angular distributions in quasi-two-body elementary particle collisions; and the elucidation of charmonium-state decays. Jackson influenced the development of physics research throughout the United States as well as internationally—particularly through his work on the nascent Superconducting Super Collider. An active promoter of civil liberties and human rights, he was one of the leaders of the efforts to free Andrei Sakharov, Yuri Orlov, and Anatoly Shcharansky from Soviet imprisonment.

World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States

1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Link ◽  
Paul L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War

Using three elementary particles to construct the physical world

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Huawang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Average Kinetic Energy ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we conjecture that gravitation, electromagnetism, and strong nuclear interactions are all produced by particle collisions by determining the essential concept of force in physics (that is, the magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction), and further speculate the existence of a new particle, Yizi. The average kinetic energy of Yizi is considered to be equal to Planck’s constant, so the mass of Yizi is calculated to be <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.37</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>51</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> kg and the average velocity of Yizi is <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4.24</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> m/s. The universe is filled with Yizi gas, the number density of Yizi can reach <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.61</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>64</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> /m3, and Yizi has no charge. After abandoning the idealism of physics, I try to construct a physical framework from three elementary particles: Protons, electrons, and Yizis. (The elementary particles mentioned here generally refer to the indivisible particles that constitute objects.) The effects of Yizi on the conversion of light, electricity, magnetism, mass, and energy as well as the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces are emphasized. The gravitation of electromagnetic waves is measured using a Cavendish torsion balance. It is shown experimentally that electromagnetic waves not only produce pressure (repulsion) but also gravitational forces upon objects. The universe is a combination of three fundamental particles. Motion is eternal and follows the laws of conservation of energy and momentum. There is only one force: The magnitude of change in momentum per unit time for a group of particles traveling in one direction. Furthermore, this corresponds to the magnitude of the force that the group of particles exerts in that direction. From this perspective, all physical phenomena are relatively easy to explain.

The REPAS Study: Reliability Evaluation of Passive Safety Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ricotti ◽  
F. Bianchi ◽  
L. Burgazzi ◽  
F. D’Auria ◽  
G. Galassi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
External Input ◽  
Passive System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The strategy of approach to the problem moves from the consideration that a passive system should be theoretically more reliable than an active one. In fact it does not need any external input or energy to operate and it relies only upon natural physical laws (e.g. gravity, natural circulation, internally stored energy, etc.) and/or “intelligent” use of the energy inherently available in the system (e.g. chemical reaction, decay heat, etc.). Nevertheless the passive system may fail its mission not only as a consequence of classical mechanical failure of components, but also for deviation from the expected behaviour, due to physical phenomena mainly related to thermalhydraulics or due to different boundary and initial conditions. The main sources of physical failure are identified and a probability of occurrence is assigned. The reliability analysis is performed on a passive system which operates in two-phase, natural circulation. The selected system is a loop including a heat source and a heat sink where the condensation occurs. The system behavior under different configurations has been simulated via best-estimate code (Relap5 mod3.2). The results are shown and can be treated in such a way to give qualitative and quantitative information on the system reliability. Main routes of development of the methodology are also depicted.

scholarly journals Collecting Anarchy: Continuing the Legacy of the Joseph A. Labadie Collection

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Julie Herrada
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Gay Liberation ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Radical History ◽  
The University

The Joseph A. Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan is one of the oldest and most comprehensive collections of radical history in the United States, bringing together unique materials that document past as well as contemporary social protest movements. In addition to anarchism and labor movements, topics that were its original focus, the Collection today is particularly strong in civil liberties (with an emphasis on racial minorities), socialism, communism, colonialism and imperialism, American labor history through the 1930s, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), the Spanish Civil War, sexual freedom, women’s liberation, gay liberation, the . . .

scholarly journals Furtive Encryption: Power, Trust, and the Constitutional Cost of Collective Surveillance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Vagle
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Search And Seizure ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Power Trust ◽  
Government Surveillance ◽  
The Right

Recent revelations of heretofore secret U.S. government surveillance programs have sparked national conversations about their constitutionality and the delicate balance between security and civil liberties in a constitutional democracy. Among the revealed policies asserted by the National Security Agency (NSA) is a provision found in the “minimization procedures” required under section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. This provision allows the NSA to collect and keep indefinitely any encrypted information collected from domestic communications — including the communications of U.S. citizens. That is, according to the U.S. government, the mere fact that a U.S. citizen has encrypted her electronic communications is enough to give the NSA the right to store that data until it is able to decrypt or decode it.Through this provision, the NSA is automatically treating all electronic communications from U.S. citizens that are hidden or obscured through encryption — for whatever reason — as suspicious, a direct descendant of the “nothing-to-hide” family of privacy minimization arguments. The ubiquity of electronic communication in the United States and elsewhere has led to the widespread use of encryption, the vast majority of it for innocuous purposes. This Article argues that the mere encryption by individuals of their electronic communications is not alone a basis for individualized suspicion. Moreover, this Article asserts that the NSA’s policy amounts to a suspicionless search and seizure. This program is therefore in direct conflict with the fundamental principles underlying the Fourth Amendment, specifically the protection of individuals from unwarranted government power and the establishment of the reciprocal trust between citizen and government that is necessary for a healthy democracy.

scholarly journals USE OF MOBILE DEVICE SENSORS TO CONDUCT THE PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Sergii Tereschuk ◽  
Vira Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Experiment ◽  
Science Journal ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The concept of "sensor" in the system of physical experiment at school is considered in the article. The possibility of using sensors in physics lessons is substantiated: transformation of an input signal into an output is accompanied by transformation of one type of energy into another (according to the law of conservation of energy), and the functioning of the sensors are based on physical phenomena (physical effects or principles), which are described by the relevant physical laws. The article deals with the methodical aspects of using the Google Science Journal mobile application in physics lessons. This application allows you to use the sensors of your mobile device for a physical experiment. As an example we consider the frontal laboratory work "Determination of the period of oscillation of the mathematical pendulum". The method of its carrying out is offered in two approaches: the first one involves the traditional technique of conducting the experiment, and the second approach is using the mobile application Google Science Journal. The article shows that the use of smartphone sensors in physics lessons has perspectives in the context of STEM education. Thus, the use of the considered application is of current importance and requires further scientific and methodological research on its use in the high school physical experimentation system. The Science Journal mobile application can be used to connect external sensors, which will have a positive impact on the introduction of STEM education, and to use Arduino in the demonstration of physical experiments by a physics teacher. Connecting sensors using an Arduino microcontroller is particularly promising in creative lab work on physics.

scholarly journals A new hybridization filtering-based linear-nonlinear models for time series forecasting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Ahmadi ◽  
◽  
Mehdi Khashei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Primary Relationships ◽  
Time Dependencies ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Face Time ◽  
Physical Phenomena

In recent years, the idea of using a mathematical model to describe the behavior of physical phenomena has been very much considered. Specifically, a definitive model, based on physical laws, enables researchers to calculate the number of time dependencies precisely at any moment in time. However, in the real world, we often face time-dependent phenomena with many unknown or unavailable factors (Lindley, 2010; Roulston et al., 2003). In this case, when it is not possible to achieve a definite - model, the prediction methods are wide used, especially when the past observations of a variable and primary relationships between specific observations are available. Forecasting methods that are used in different fields of science can be categorized based on various aspects. For example, the prediction methods used in the field of wind energy can be divided into four categories of 1) ultra short term (several seconds to four hours), 2) short term (4 to 24 hours), 3) medium-term (1 to 7 days), and 4) long term (more than 7 days) (Zack, 2003; Soman et al., 2010). Also, the structure of forecasting methods can be divided into two types of 1) single methods and 2) hybrid methods. Each of these categories can also be subdivided into smaller subgroups.

scholarly journals Book Review: Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties: Revised and Expanded Edition, 2nd ed.

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Seth Kershner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupy Wall Street ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

Occupy Wall Street. Black Lives Matter. The #MeToo movement. Over the past decade, the United States has seen a surge in activism around civil rights, broadly defined as the right to be free from discrimination and unequal treatment in arenas such as housing, the workplace, and the criminal justice system. At times, as when activists are arrested at a protest, calls for civil rights can also be the occasion for violations of civil liberties—certain basic freedoms (e.g., freedom of speech) that are either enshrined in the Constitution or established through legal rulings. While civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, students often struggle to articulate these differences and appreciate the links between the two concepts. Complicating this distinction is the fact that historically reference materials have tended to cover either one or the other but not the two in combination. Combining these two concepts in one work is what makes a revised edition of the Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties so timely and valuable.

scholarly journals Til amerikanerne: I Guds, den Nåderike, den Barmhjertiges navn.

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (105) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Osama Bin Laden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
North American Society ◽  
Patriot Act ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
American Society

To the Americans:In this letter from 2002 Osama Bin Laden replies to unidentified American writers explaining why al-Qaeda is justified in attacking North American targets. The letter poses two questions: What are we fighting for? and What are we calling you to do, and what do we want from you? According to Bin Laden al-Qaeda is engaged in a fight responding to decades of Western aggression. Bin Laden presents a detailed account of the misdeeds that the United States are responsible for in the Middle East and in Afghanistan. The letter also denounces North American society as characterised by usury, debauchery, gambling, prostitution and environmental destruction. Finally Bin Laden provides the reader with a series of examples connected to the ‘war on terror’ where the United States does not live up to its own rhetoric: the detention of prisoners at Guantanamo, the suspension of civil liberties in the Patriot Act and the rejection of the Kyoto Accords.

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