Injury-elicited differential transcriptional regulation  of phospholipid growth factor receptors in the cornea

The phospholipid growth factors (PLGFs), including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), have been implicated in corneal wound healing. PLGF concentrations and activities are elevated after corneal injury. Using real-time PCR, we quantified receptor mRNA levels in the healing rabbit cornea. In intact corneas, transcripts for S1P1, LPA1, and LPA3 receptor subtypes were detected, as was lipid phosphate phosphatase 1 (LPP1). After wounding, the trend for endothelium and keratocytes was for significant decreases in transcript numbers for the three receptor subtypes, whereas epithelial cells showed increased transcript numbers, except for an S1P1 decrease in healing cells. LPP1 transcript numbers were decreased in keratocytes and endothelium, although LPP-specific activity was unchanged. LPA-elicited Ca2+ transients were significantly reduced in the healing endothelium. Consistent with reduced LPA3 receptor numbers, dioctylglycerol pyrophosphate, a selective antagonist, reduced LPA-induced Ca2+ transients 2.7-fold in nonwounded epithelium but only 1.5-fold in wound-healing endothelium. These data for the first time establish physiologically relevant differential changes in the expression of PLGF receptor subtypes and provide evidence for the changing role of LPA3 receptors in endothelial cells.

Download Full-text

Serp-1 change globally Promotes Corneal Wound Healing by Facilitating Re-epithelialization and Inhibiting Fibrosis and Angiogenesis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.649124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Brent Ju ◽

Owen Guo ◽

Dathe Z. Benissan-Messan ◽

McKinley H. Shawver ◽

Peng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corneal Wound Healing ◽

Corneal Injury ◽

Corneal Wound ◽

Corneal Damage

Purpose: Chemical corneal injuries carry a high morbidity and commonly lead to visual impairment. Here, we investigate the role of Serp-1, a serine protease inhibitor, in corneal wound healing.Methods: An alkaline-induced corneal injury was induced in 14 mice. Following injury, five mice received daily topical saline application while nine mice received Serp-1 100 μL topically combined with a daily subcutaneous injection of 100 ng/gram body weight of Serp-1. Corneal damage was monitored daily through fluorescein staining and imaging. Cross sectional corneal H&E staining were obtained. CD31 was used as marker for neovascularization.Results: Serp-1 facilitates corneal wound healing by reducing fibrosis and neovascularization while mitigating inflammatory cell infiltration with no noticeable harm related to its application.Conclusions: Serp-1 effectively mitigates inflammation, decreases fibrosis, and reduce neovascularization in a murine model of corneal injury without affecting other organs.Translational Relavence: Our study provides preclinical data for topical application of Serp-1 to treat corneal wounds.

Download Full-text

Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3687

Author(s):

Joanna Homa ◽

Alina Klosowska ◽

Magdalena Chadzinska

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Arginase Activity ◽

Eisenia Andrei ◽

Heavy Metals Ions ◽

First Time ◽

Important Marker

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.

Download Full-text

Cannabinoid CB2R receptors are upregulated with corneal injury and regulate the course of corneal wound healing

Experimental Eye Research ◽

10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 182 ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Natalia Murataeva ◽

Sally Miller ◽

Amey Dhopeshwarkar ◽

Emma Leishman ◽

Laura Daily ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Corneal Wound Healing ◽

Corneal Injury ◽

Corneal Wound

Download Full-text

The Role of Neutrophils in Corneal Wound Healing in HO-2 Null Mice

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0021180 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. e21180 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Giuseppina Marrazzo ◽

Lars Bellner ◽

Adna Halilovic ◽

Giovanni Li Volti ◽

Filippo Drago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Corneal Wound Healing ◽

Corneal Wound

Download Full-text

MicroRNA Expression Profile and the Role of miR-204 in Corneal Wound Healing

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.15-16467 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 3673 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jianhong An ◽

Xiaoyan Chen ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Rongxin Liang ◽

Peter S. Reinach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

Corneal Wound Healing ◽

Microrna Expression Profile ◽

Corneal Wound

Download Full-text

Hunting customs, beliefs and prohibitons (based on field materials from Zhytomyr Polissia)

V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin "History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences" ◽

10.26565/2227-6505-2020-31-03 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Customary Law ◽

Cluster Method ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Folk Knowledge ◽

Production Experience ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Changing Role ◽

First Time ◽

Livelihood System

Customary norms, taboos, folk knowledge iand worldviews related to the hunting industry are considered on the basis of expedition materials from Luhyny, Novohrad-Volynskyi, Yemilchynskyi and Korostenskyi districts of Zhytomyr region. Field materials that illustrate the main provisions of the article are given. The goal of the study is to study the traditional hunting customs, beliefs and prohibitions that have formed in Zhytomyr Polissia. The methodological basis of the study are the methods of historical sciences, the principles of objectivity, complexity, historicity, systematics; methods of analysis and synthesis, typological, comparative-historical. The ethnological method of field surveys on the author's questionnaires was applied; information was collected by the cluster method. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the Ukrainian ethnological literature it covers the customs, rituals and prohibitions concerning firearms, success in the craft of Zhytomyr Polissya. The beliefs associated with the first shot from a new rifle, the causes of its “damage” and the main ways of “correction” are analyzed. The degree of preservation in the region of ancient beliefs about the prohibition of a woman's contact with hunting equipment and the customs of ritual purity of the hunter has been clarified. The attitude of modern hunters to ancient rituals is shown. The degree of preservation of beliefs in the old woman, a woman with a “bad eye”, empty buckets, as well as a cat and a hare. Preservation of some signs of successful hunting is noted, among which - not to wash and not to shave, prophetic dreams. Prohibition of seeking God’s help in the craft and observance of customary hunting norms is substantiated. The customs connected with the ritual shooting of hunters on certain days of the folk calendar are analyzed. Conclusions. Hunting, as one of the oldest forms of economic activity, has accumulated numerous customs, rituals, worldviews, folk knowledge and norms of customary law. They have changed with the development of society and the changing role of craft in the livelihood system. While preserving ancient beliefs and customary norms in the people's memory, it has been found that modern hunters consider the acquired production experience and knowledge to be the main guarantee of the success of hunting. It has been found that modern hunters consider the acquired production experience and knowledge to be the main guarantee of the success of hunting preserving ancient beliefs and customary norms in the people's memory.

Download Full-text

Interrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase in eels: primary structure, progesterone-specific activity and enhanced expression by ACTH

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.0.0310327 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 327-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

YY Li ◽

K Inoue ◽

Y Takei

Keyword(s):

Specific Activity ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Functional Expression ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Hydroxylase Activity ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

Steroid Binding ◽

First Time

Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) is a key enzyme for corticosteroidogenesis. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of cortisol production in fish, we have cloned a cDNA encoding P450c21, for the first time in non-mammalian vertebrates, from the head kidney of the eel (Anguilla japonica). The overall similarity of the deduced P450c21 sequence was modest (41-44% amino acid identity) between the eel and mammals. However, the functional domains for steroid-binding, heme-binding and proton-transfer sites were well conserved (74-100% identity). The eel P450c21 mRNA was expressed abundantly in the anterior quarter of the head kidney, but was undetectable in the remaining three-quarters or in other tissues including the gill, heart, liver, intestine, kidney, immature gonad and skeletal muscle. Functional expression of the cDNA clone in non-steroidogenic COS-1 cells produced a protein with high 21-hydroxylase activity to convert progesterone to 11-deoxycortisterone but not 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol, although the latter is a preferred substrate for mammalian P450c21. To examine whether 21-hydroxylated progesterone is actually 17alpha-hydroxylated in the eel interrenal, 11-deoxycorticosterone and (3)H-corticosterone were respectively incubated with the interrenal-containing anterior quarter of the head kidney. The separation of the steroids produced by two HPLC systems revealed that cortisol was produced from both substrates, showing the 17alpha-hydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone in the eel interrenal. ACTH infused at 3 pmol/kg per min for 5 h consistently increased plasma cortisol levels and interrenal P450c21 mRNA levels in seawater eels. These results showed that the interrenal-specific eel P450c21 cloned in this study is involved in cortisol production through conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone in the interrenal-containing anterior quarter of eel head kidney. Furthermore, ACTH stimulates cortisol production in part through enhanced P450c21 expression in the eel interrenal.

Download Full-text

Unilateral corneal insult in Zebrafish results in a bilateral cell shape and identity modification, supporting wound closure

10.1101/2021.03.21.436164 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kaisa Ikkala ◽

Vassilis Stratoulias ◽

Frederic Michon

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Closure ◽

Profound Change ◽

Corneal Wound Healing ◽

Organ Regeneration ◽

Corneal Wound ◽

Aquatic Vertebrates ◽

Transcriptomic Signature ◽

Speed Up ◽

First Time

AbstractMost of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates are equipped with camera-type eyes, offering a focused and clear sight. This apparatus is rendered inefficient if its most superficial and transparent element, the cornea, is opaque. This structure, prone to environmental aggressions, bears excellent wound healing capabilities to preserve vision. Up to date, most of the corneal wound healing studies are made on mammals. Here, for the first time, zebrafish is used as model to study wound closure of corneal epithelium after abrasion. Our study demonstrates a swift wound closure after corneal insult. Interestingly, a unilateral wound induces a bilateral response. While cell proliferation is increased during wound closure, this parameter is not crucial, and cell rearrangements seems to be the driving force. Furthermore, we discovered a profound change in epithelial cell transcriptomic signature after abrasion, reflecting a modulation of cell identity and increase of phenotypic plasticity. The latter seems to unlock terminally differentiated cell capacities for wound healing, which could be the key for a speed up organ regeneration. Our results prove that zebrafish cornea is a powerful model to investigate, not only corneal wound healing, but ectodermal organ pathophysiology.

Download Full-text