scholarly journals Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with lipid and insulin metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. E574-E582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinao Kobayashi ◽  
Akiko Eguchi ◽  
Mina Tempaku ◽  
Tatsuro Honda ◽  
Kenji Togashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Metabolism

We have reported that hypertrophic adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the number of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a pilot study using obese patients. Here, we explored the association between circulating EV level and various metabolic parameters, including obesity and lipid and glucose metabolisms, among 203 subjects (76 men and 127 women; median age, 54 yr) with or without risk factor for metabolic diseases, who received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Circulating EV number was significantly higher in men than in women ( P < 0.001). Circulating EV number in individuals with impaired OGTT pattern was significantly higher compared with those with normal OGTT patterns ( P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating EV number correlated most strongly and significantly with elevated triglyceride (TG; t = 8.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, circulating EV number correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β; t = 2.38, P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the cutoff value of EV numbers in individuals with elevated serum TG levels (≧150 mg/dl) was identified (136,738 EVs/μl of plasma, P < 0.001, sensitivity 0.842, false-positive rate of 0.257). Perilipin and asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 were detected on a part of isolated circulating EVs, indicating EV release from adipocytes and hepatocytes, which were related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Circulating EVs represent a promising metabolic biomarker for lipid and glucose metabolism and have potential for monitoring metabolic status in humans, including individuals without metabolic risk factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4464
Author(s):  
Yujing Zhang ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Yaping Liu ◽  
Ze Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Clinical research results of vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of prediabetes remain controversial. Accordingly, a literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and Web of Science prior to 9 November 2021. Randomized controlled studies reported that the following indicators were included: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose (2h-PG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and fasting insulin (FINS). Twenty-nine articles (N = 3792) were included in the present meta-analysis. Intriguingly, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a vast improvement in FBG (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.38; 95%CI: −0.59, −0.16), HbA1c (SMD = −0.14; 95%CI: −0.22, −0.06) and FINS (SMD = 0.18; 95%CI: −0.26, −0.09), but not in other outcomes. However, preferred changes were observed in subgroups, as follows: Asia (SMD2h-PG = −0.25, 95%CI: −0.45, −0.04), study duration ≥1 year (SMDHOMA-IR = −0.44, 95%CI: −0.81, −0.06) (SMDHOMA-B = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.66), baseline 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L (SMD2h-PG = −0.23, 95%CI: −0.39, −0.06), and baseline 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L (SMDHOMA-IR = −0.50, 95%CI: −0.96, −0.03). In conclusion, oral supplementation of vitamin D has shown better effects in improving FBG, HbA1c, and FINS compared with controls among prediabetics; long-term vitamin D supplementation could have additional effects in participants with vitamin D deficiency for 2h-PG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B.

scholarly journals Adolescents with Mild Stunting Show Alterations in Glucose and Insulin Metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Danusa da Luz Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Grotti Clemente ◽  
Vinicius José Baccin Martins ◽  
Maria Paula Albuquerque ◽  
Ana Lydia Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Normal Stature ◽  
Height For Age

Purpose. To evaluate glucose and insulin profiles in adolescents with mild stunting and overweight in order to assess the possibility of increased predisposition to diabetes.Subjects and Methods. The study population consisted of 66 pubertal adolescents classified as mildly stunted (height-for-age z scores ≥−2 and <−1) or of normal stature, as well as overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) or normal weight. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results. In the group with mild stunting, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in overweight adolescents compared with those of normal weight, whereas HOMA-B levels were significantly lower. Adolescents with mild stunting showed significantly higher accumulations of body and abdominal fat than their normal stature counterparts.Conclusions. The presence of mild stunting was associated with higher levels of glucose and insulin, diminished function of beta cells, and increased insulin resistance. These results reinforce the need for intervention in adolescents with mild stunting.

scholarly journals Measurement of bioactive osteocalcin in humans using a novel immunoassay reveals association with glucose metabolism and β-cell function

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. E381-E391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lacombe ◽  
Omar Al Rifai ◽  
Lorraine Loter ◽  
Thomas Moran ◽  
Anne-Frédérique Turcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In serum, OCN exists in carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms (ucOCN), and studies in rodents suggest that ucOCN is the bioactive form of this hormone. Whether this is also the case in humans is unclear, because a reliable assay to measure ucOCN is not available. Here, we established and validated a new immunoassay (ELISA) measuring human ucOCN and used it to determine the level of bioactive OCN in two cohorts of overweight or obese subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ELISA could specifically detect ucOCN concentrations ranging from 0.037 to 1.8 ng/mL. In a first cohort of overweight or obese postmenopausal women without diabetes ( n = 132), ucOCN correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = −0.18, P = 0.042) and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.18, P = 0.038) and positively with insulin sensitivity assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.18, P = 0.043) or insulin sensitivity index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.26, P = 0.003). In a second cohort of subjects with severe obesity ( n = 16), ucOCN was found to be lower in subjects with T2D compared with those without T2D (2.76 ± 0.38 versus 4.52 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P = 0.009) and to negatively correlate with fasting glucose (r = −0.50, P = 0.046) and glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.57, P = 0.021). Moreover, the subjects with ucOCN levels below 3 ng/mL had a reduced insulin secretion rate during a hyperglycemic clamp ( P = 0.03). In conclusion, ucOCN measured with this novel and specific assay is inversely associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in humans.

scholarly journals Effects of nutritional supplementation on glucose metabolism and insulin function among people with HIV initiating ART

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiwot Amare ◽  
Mette F. Olsen ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Pernille Kæstel ◽  
Åse B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Assessment Index

Abstract Background Without high-quality nutritional support, there is a risk that people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will replace lost muscle mass with fat mass when initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We have shown that lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with whey or soy considerably increases lean mass among Ethiopian people with HIV starting ART. Here, we aim to assess the effects of LNS on insulin function and glucose metabolism. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing the effect of three-month supplementation with LNS containing whey (LNS/whey) or soy (LNS/soy) among people with HIV. LNS/whey and LNS/soy groups were combined and then were compared against the non-supplemented group. The outcomes were change in fasting plasma-glucose (FPG), and 30-min glucose and 120-min glucose after oral glucose tolerance test. We further assessed effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment index for beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Of the 318 patients enrolled, 268 (84.3%) had available FPG and HbA1c and included. After 3 months of ART, HbA1c tended to be 2 mmol/mol higher in the LNS supplemented group, most pronounced among those receiving whey as the protein source. LNS led to higher 30-min glucose (0.5 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.2, 0.8) and 120-min glucose (0.4 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03, 0.8) and a > 50% increase in fasting insulin, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR compared to the non-supplemented. Conclusion Among Ethiopian people with HIV initiating ART, short-term LNS intake increased glucose and insulin levels, and tended to increase HbA1c, potentially leading to more insulin resistance. Higher intake of carbohydrates with LNS could influence glycemic status. Whether these metabolic changes in early HIV treatment are beneficial or increase long-term risk of metabolic disorders needs to be explored.

scholarly journals Assessing the test–retest repeatability of insulin resistance measures: Homeostasis model assessment 2 and oral glucose insulin sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A.P. Crofts ◽  
Mark C. Wheldon ◽  
Caryn Zinn ◽  
Xiaomiao Lan-Pidhainy ◽  
Thomas M.S. Wolever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Repeatability Coefficient ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subsequent Test

Background: Insulin resistance is commonly assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) variants. HOMA is potentially insensitive to change because of its high coefficient of variation. The repeatability coefficient is an alternative means of assessing test repeatability. To be confident of clinical change, rather than biological variation, a subsequent test needs to differ from the former by more than the repeatability coefficient using the equation.Test 1 = Test 2 ± repeatability coefficient.The repeatability coefficients for measures of insulin resistance are unknown.Aim: To compare the repeatability coefficient of HOMA2 variants (Beta-cell function [%B], insulin sensitivity [%S], insulin resistance [IR]) to a dynamic measure of insulin resistance, and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) test.Setting: The raw data from a previously used data set were reanalysed.Methods: Glycaemic and insulinaemic tests were performed on 32 men and women both with (n = 10) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 22). From these data, eight fasting tests and three 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests were used to calculate HOMA2 and OGIS. The methods of Bland and Altman assessed repeatability.Results: Repeatability coefficients for all participants for the HOMA2 %B, %S and IR variants were 72.91, 189.75 and 0.9, which equates to 89%, 135% and 89% of their respective grand means. By contrast, OGIS had a repeatability coefficient of 87.13, which equates to 21% of the grand mean.Conclusion: Because of the high repeatability coefficient relative to the grand mean, use of HOMA2 measures for assessing insulin resistance in small population studies should be reconsidered.

Magnesium intake, insulin resistance and markers of endothelial function among women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Narges Ghorbani Bavani ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Ahmadreza Yazdannik ◽  
Ebrahim Falahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Objective: We investigated the association of dietary Mg intake with insulin resistance and markers of endothelial function among Iranian women. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ. Dietary Mg intake was calculated by summing up the amount of Mg in all foods. A fasting blood sample was taken to measure serum concentrations of glycemic indices (fasting plasma glucose and insulin) and endothelial function markers (E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostasis Model Assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Participants: Iranian female nurses (n 345) selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Results: The Mg intake across energy-adjusted quartiles was 205 (se 7), 221·4 (se 8), 254·3 (se 7) and 355·2 (se 9) mg/d, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounders, QUICKI level was significantly different across quartiles of Mg intake (Q1: 0·34 (se 0·02), Q2: 0·36 (se 0·01), Q3: 0·40 (se 0·01), and Q4: 0·39 (se 0·02), P = 0·02); however, this association disappeared after considering markers of endothelial function, indicating that this relation might be mediated through endothelial dysfunction. After controlling for all potential confounders, Mg intake was inversely, but not significantly, associated with serum concentrations of sICAM (Q1: 239 (se 17), Q2: 214 (se 12), Q3: 196 (se 12), and Q4: 195 (se 17), P = 0·29). There was no other significant association between dietary Mg intake and other indicators of glucose homoeostasis or endothelial markers. Conclusions: Higher dietary Mg intake was associated with better insulin sensitivity in Iranian females. This linkage was mediated through reduced endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Leptin Levels, β-Cell Function, and Insulin Sensitivity in Families with Congenital and Acquired Generalized Lipoatropic Diabetes1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Victor C. Pardini ◽  
Ivana M. N. Victória ◽  
Selma M. V. Rocha ◽  
Danielle G. Andrade ◽  
Aline M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Specific Insulin

Lipoatropic diabetes (LD) designates a group of syndromes characterized by diabetes mellitus with marked insulin resistance and either a localized or generalized absence of adipose tissue. In this study, we evaluated plasma leptin levels in subjects with congenital generalized lipoatropic diabetes (CGLD, n = 11) or acquired generalized lipoatropic diabetes (AGLD, n = 11), and assessed correlations between leptin levels and estimations of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Leptin levels were 0.86 ± 0.32, 1.76 ± 0.78, and 6.9 ± 4.4 ng/mL in subjects with CGLD, AGLD, and controls (n = 19), respectively (ANOVA P &lt; 0.0001). Specific insulin levels were 154 ± 172, 177 ± 137 and 43 ± 22 pmol/L, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was significantly decreased in both groups with LD (P&lt; 0.0001), whereas HOMA β-cell function was not significantly different when compared with controls. Leptin levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, insulin levels, and HOMA β-cell function, and inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in subjects with generalized LD. In conclusion, decreased leptin levels were observed in subjects with generalized LD, with a trend towards lower levels in the acquired than in the congenital form (P = 0.06). The temporal relationship between the decrease in leptin levels and the development of lipoatrophy should be investigated in at-risk young relatives of subjects with the acquired forms to assess the usefulness of leptin levels as a marker of lipoatrophy.

scholarly journals Serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance in Chinese men and post-menopausal women: the Shanghai Changfeng study

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ma ◽  
Huandong Lin ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Wanyuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

AbstractAssociations between ferritin and insulin sensitivity have been described in recent studies. The possible association showed conflicting results by sex and menopausal status. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of ferritin levels with insulin resistance and β-cell function. A total of 2518 participants (1033 men, 235 pre-menopausal women and 1250 post-menopausal women) were enrolled from the Changfeng Study. A standard interview was conducted, as well as anthropometric measurements and laboratory analyses, for each participant. The serum ferritin level was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin resistance and β-cell function indices were derived from a homeostasis model assessment. The results showed that the serum ferritin levels were 250·4 (sd 165·2), 94·6 (sd 82·0) and 179·8 (sd 126·6) ng/ml in the men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, respectively. In fully adjusted models (adjusting for age, current smoking, BMI, waist:hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, log urine albumin:creatinine ratio, leucocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), serum ferritin concentrations are significantly associated with insulin resistance in men and post-menopausal females, and the null association was observed in pre-menopausal females. Interestingly, an increased β-cell function associated with higher ferritin was observed in post-menopausal participants, but not in male participants. In conclusion, these results suggested that elevated serum ferritin levels were associated with surrogate measures of insulin resistance among the middle-aged and elderly male and post-menopausal women, but not in pre-menopausal women.

scholarly journals Uric acid lowering improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized parallel-controlled clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Qunchuan Zong ◽  
Guanyi Ma ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether uric acid lowering treatment can improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China Biology Medicine were searched up to March 1, 2020. Rand- omized controlled clinical trials of urate lowering therapy in hyperuricemia patients were included in meta-analysis. Effect size was estimated as mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Our search yielded 7 eligible trials with 503 participants. This meta-analysis showed that uric acid-lowering thera- py decreased fasting insulin -1.43 μIU/ml (weighted mean differences (WMD, 95% CI -2.78 to -0.09), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance -0.65 (WMD, 95% CI -1.05 to -0.24), systolic blood pressure -2.45 mm Hg (WMD, 95%CI -4.57 to -0.33) and diastolic blood pressure -3.41 mm Hg (WMD, 95%CI -3.87 to -2.95). However, the treatment had no significant effect on fasting plasma glucose (WMD -0.19 mmol/L, 95%CI -0.42 to 0.05), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index (WMD -0.02, 95%CI -0.28 to 0.24), total cholesterol (WMD 0.18 mg/dl; 95%CI, -1.39 to 1.75) and triglyceride (WMD 3.15 mg/dl, 95% CI -9.83 to 16.14). Conclusion: Uric acid-lowering therapies might improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood pressure, but had no significant effect on HOMA-β and serum lipids. Keywords: Hyperuricemia; uric acid lowering treatment; β-cell function; insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals The prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with β -thalassemia major at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Caroline Mulawi ◽  
Bambang Tridjaja ◽  
Maria Abdulsalam ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background Diabetes mellitus is a common complication in pa-tients with thalassemia major. Iron overload plays an important roleby damaging the pancreatic β-cell and the liver cell, with the con-sequences of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Family his-tory of diabetes mellitus is one of the critical factors for the devel-opment of glucose metabolism derangement. However, the patho-genesis of glucose metabolism derangement remains unclear.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of impaired glucose toler-ance, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance in patients with β-thalassemia major treated in the Thalassemia Outpatient Clinic,Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedin May 2002. Forty-eight subjects aged 10 to 18 years, grouped bytotal volume of transfusions and family history of diabetes mellitus,underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum transfer-rin saturation, and insulin level examinations. Insulin resistancewas calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concen-trations using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results One of 48 patients (2%) had impaired glucose toleranceat the age of 17 years. Diabetes mellitus occurred in three of 48patients (6%) at the age of 15.5 years in one patient and 18 yearsin two patients. Family history of diabetes mellitus was found in 2patients with diabetes mellitus and in the only one with impairedglucose tolerance. Insulin resistance was not detected in this study.Conclusion The prevalence of glucose metabolism derangementin patients with thalassemia major was low. No insulin resistancewas found in this study

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