Effect of intragastric triglyceride administration on glucose homeostasis in newborn pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. E268-E275
Author(s):  
J. P. Pegorier ◽  
C. Simoes-Nunes ◽  
P. H. Duee ◽  
J. Peret ◽  
J. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Fasting Hypoglycemia ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides

The fasting hypoglycemia (1.78 +/- 0.29 mmol/l) which develops in 48-h-old pigs is partially reversed (3.85 +/- 0.55 mmol/l) after gastric administration of long-chain triglycerides (LCT). The increase in blood glucose induced by LCT feeding was not secondary to a decreased glucose utilization because glucose disappearance rate increased in LCT-fed piglets but resulted from a twofold increase in glucose appearance. By using the crossover-plot technique, the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis induced by LCT feeding has been localized at 1) the level of pyruvate carboxylase owing to the twofold increase in hepatic acetyl-CoA concentration and 2) the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase secondary to the increase in reducing equivalents (NADH), which displaces this equilibrium reaction in the direction of gluconeogenesis. As blood lactate, pyruvate, and alanine concentrations increased after LCT feeding, the possible effects of LCT on pyruvate dehydrogenase in peripheral tissues are discussed. These data demonstrate that fatty acids stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in 48-h-old fasting piglets and underline the role of fat provision in the regulation of glucose homeostasis during the neonatal period in the pig.

The role of glucose, long-chain triglycerides and amino acids for promotion of amino acid balance across peripheral tissues in man

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Svanberg ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Möller-Loswick ◽  
Dwight E Matthews ◽  
Ulla Körner ◽  
Marianne Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

The nuclear retinoid-related orphan receptor-α regulates adipose tissue glyceroneogenesis in addition to hepatic gluconeogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (2) ◽  
pp. E105-E114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kadiri ◽  
Chloé Monnier ◽  
Munkhzul Ganbold ◽  
Tatiana Ledent ◽  
Jacqueline Capeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Fasting Hypoglycemia ◽  
Deficient Mice

Circadian rhythms have an essential role in feeding behavior and metabolism. RORα is a nuclear receptor involved in the interface of the circadian system and metabolism. The adipocyte glyceroneogenesis pathway derives free fatty acids (FFA) liberated by lipolysis to reesterification into triglycerides, thus regulating FFA homeostasis and fat mass. Glyceroneogenesis shares with hepatic gluconeogenesis the key enzyme phospho enolpyruvate carboxykinase c (PEPCKc), whose gene is a RORα target in the liver. RORα-deficient mice (staggerer, RORsg/sg ) have been shown to exhibit a lean phenotype and fasting hypoglycemia for unsolved reasons. In the present study, we investigated whether adipocyte glyceroneogenesis might also be a target pathway of RORα, and we further evaluated the role of RORα in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis. In vivo investigations comparing RORsg/sg mice with their wild-type (WT) littermates under fasting conditions demonstrated that, in the absence of RORα, the release of FFA into the bloodstream was altered and the rise in glycemia in response to pyruvate reduced. The functional analysis of each pathway, performed in adipose tissue or liver explants, confirmed the impairment of adipocyte glyceroneogenesis and liver gluconeogenesis in the RORsg/sg mice; these reductions of FFA reesterification or glucose production were associated with decreases in PEPCKc mRNA and protein levels. Treatment of explants with RORα agonist or antagonist enhanced or inhibited these pathways, respectively, in tissues isolated from WT but not RORsg/sg mice. Our results indicated that both adipocyte glyceroneogenesis and hepatocyte gluconeogenesis were regulated by RORα. This study demonstrates the physiological function of RORα in regulating both glucose and FFA homeostasis.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Polyphenols in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Hana Alkhalidy ◽  
Dongmin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Metabolic Action

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a fast-increasing health problem globally, and it results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as one of the major regulatory organs of glucose homeostasis that involves multiple gut hormones and microbiota. Notably, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis via eliciting pleiotropic effects, which are largely mediated via its receptor. Thus, targeting the GLP-1 signaling system is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy to treatment T2D. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites from plants, have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic effects. Although the major targets and locations for the polyphenolic compounds to exert the anti-diabetic action are still unclear, the first organ that is exposed to these compounds is the GI tract in which polyphenols could modulate enzymes and hormones. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that polyphenols can stimulate GLP-1 secretion, indicating that these natural compounds might exert metabolic action at least partially mediated by GLP-1. This review provides an overview of nutritional regulation of GLP-1 secretion and summarizes recent studies on the roles of polyphenols in GLP-1 secretion and degradation as it relates to metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on microbiota and microbial metabolites that could indirectly modulate GLP-1 secretion are also discussed.

scholarly journals Role of small leucine zipper protein in hepatic gluconeogenesis and metabolic disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Sun Kyoung Han ◽  
Suhyun Kim ◽  
Sungyeon Park ◽  
Yerin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Leucine Zipper Protein

Abstract Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.

Role of 17-β-estradiol and progesterone on glucose homeostasis: Effects of food restriction (50%) in pregnant and non pregnant rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. González ◽  
F. D. García ◽  
S. F. Ferníndez ◽  
Angeles M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Pregnant Rats

scholarly journals Az ösztrogénmetabolom biológiai és klinikai jelentősége lokális folyamatokban

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (24) ◽  
pp. 929-937
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kovács ◽  
Barna Vásárhelyi ◽  
Katalin Mészáros ◽  
Attila Patócs ◽  
Gellért Karvaly
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Breakdown Process ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract: Considerable knowledge has been gathered on the physiological role of estrogens. However, fairly little information is available on the role of compounds produced in the breakdown process of estrone and estradiol wich may play a role in various diseases associated with estrogen impact. To date, approximately 15 extragonadal estrogen-related compounds have been identified. These metabolites may exert protective, or, instead, pro-inflammatory and/or pro-oncogenic activity in a tissue-specific manner. Systemic and local estrogen metabolite levels are not necesserily correlated, which may promote the diagnostic significance of the locally produced estrogen metabolites in the future. The aim of the present study is a bibliographic review of the extragonadal metabolome in peripheral tissues, and to highlight the role of the peripheral tissue homeostasis of estrogens as well as the non-hormonal biological activity and clinical significance of the estrogen metabolome. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(24): 929–937.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document