Determination of total adipose tissue and body fat in women by computed tomography, 40K, and tritium

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. E736-E745 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sjostrom ◽  
H. Kvist ◽  
A. Cederblad ◽  
U. Tylen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Total Body

The adipose tissue volumes of 12 women were determined by computed tomography (CT). Body weight ranged from 46 to 129 kg. Nine or twenty-two transsectional scans were examined with respect to the adipose tissue area. The total adipose tissue volume (ATCT22 or ATCT9) was calculated by assuming linear changes in the adipose tissue area between adjacent scans. Body fat (BF) was also calculated from total body potassium (BF40K), from total body water (BFTHO), and from both these determinations (BF40K + THO). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing body weight (BW) by height2 (H2). ATCT22, ATCT9, and BFK were more closely related to BW and BMI than were BFTHO and BF40K + THO. When ATCT was used as a standard, the optimal index of adiposity based on BW and H was in the range BW/H0.8 to BW/H1.2. From the CT and 40K measurements it was possible to deduce that the potassium content is 62 mmol/kg fat free mass and 73-75 mmol/kg lean body mass. The error of ATCT9 was 0.6%, while that of BF40K was at least three to four times larger. It is concluded that the CT-based AT determination is the most reproducible method so far available. The technique might turn out to be of great value in human energy balance experiments.

Body Fat and Adipose Tissue Determinations by Computed Tomography and by Measurements of Total Body Potassium

1990 ◽  
pp. 197-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kvist ◽  
L. Sjöström ◽  
B. Chowdhury ◽  
M. Alpsten ◽  
B. Arvidsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

Annual Changes in Total Body Fat and Fat-free Mass in Children from 8 to 18 Years in Relation to Changes in Body Mass Index: The Fels Longitudinal Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER M. SIERVOGEL ◽  
L. MICHELE MAYNARD ◽  
WAYNE A. WISEMANDLE ◽  
ALEX F. ROCHE ◽  
SHUMEI S. GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Total Body

Total Body Potassium and Body Fat Estimation in Relationship to Height, Sex, Age, Malnutrition and Obesity

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Edmonds ◽  
B. M. Jasani ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body

1. Total body potassium was estimated by 40K measurement with a high-sensitivity whole-body counter in normal individuals over a wide age range and in patients who were obese or were grossly wasted as a result of various conditions which restricted food intake. 2. Potassium concentration (mmol/kg body weight) fell with increasing age over 30 years in both normal males and females, but when individuals of different age groups were matched for height, a significant fall in total body potassium with increasing age was observed only in males. Total body potassium of females was about 75% that of males of similar height when young, the sex difference decreasing with ageing. In the normal population, total body potassium was significantly correlated with height and with weight; regression equations for various relationships are given. 3. Fat-free mass was estimated from total body potassium, values of 65 and 56 mmol of potassium/kg fat-free mass being used for males and females respectively. Body fat estimated by this method correlated well with skinfold measurements over a wide range of body weight but in malnourished individuals having inadequate food intake there was considerable discrepancy and present formulae for estimating fat-free mass from total body potassium appear unsatisfactory in malnutrition. Considerable differences between expected and observed values of total body potassium were found in muscular individuals and in normal individuals who were thin but whose body weight was relatively constant. 4. The patients with malnutrition were low both in body fat as estimated by skinfold thickness and in total body potassium estimated on the basis of height. Plasma potassium was, however, normal and potassium supplements did not increase the total body potassium. 5. Total body potassium of obese individuals was not significantly different from that of normal weight individuals on the basis of height. Total body potassium fell on weight reduction with a very low energy diet of 1260 kJ (300 kcal.) daily but changed little with a 3300 kJ (800 kcal.) diet over several months' observation. 6. For overweight, obese individuals, total body potassium was best predicted from the individual's height. For those whose body weight was less than expected, the use of weight gave the best prediction but the error was considerable when the weight deviation was large.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of healthy, active, Chinese elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Woo ◽  
S. C. Ho ◽  
S. P. B. Donnan ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Chinese Elderly ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Index Weight

1. Anthropometric indices are presented for 402 healthy Chinese elderly subjects leading an active life in the community in Hong Kong.2. Women had higher body-mass index (weight/height2) and body fat, while fat-free mass, arm-muscle circumference and corrected arm-muscle area were higher in men. Body-mass index, fat-free mass, arm-muscle circumference and corrected arm-muscle area did not decline with age. Total body fat was lower in women aged 75 years and above compared with those aged 60–64 years.3. All values were lower than those for elderly Caucasians. A different criteria for severe wasting malnutrition among elderly Chinese should be established.

Circulating 5α-dihydrotestosterone, abdominal obesity and adipocyte characteristics in women

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Côté ◽  
Julie Lessard ◽  
Jacques Mailloux ◽  
Philippe Laberge ◽  
Caroline Rhéaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Androgen Levels

AbstractThe association between circulating androgen levels and fat distribution in women has been widely inconsistent among existing studies.We sought to investigate the relation between plasma adrenal and gonadal androgen levels and body fat distribution, as well as abdominal adipocyte characteristics.Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were surgically obtained from 60 women (age, 47±5 years; body mass index, 26±5 kg/mSignificant negative associations were found between plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and total adiposity (body mass index, r=–0.35, p<0.05; fat mass, r=–0.31, p<0.05) as well as computed tomography assessments of abdominal adiposity (r=–0.30, p<0.05 and r=–0.44, p<0.005 for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue area, respectively). The association between DHT levels and visceral adipose tissue area was independent of total body fat mass. A significant negative association was also observed between plasma DHT and omental adipocyte diameter (r=–0.27, p<0.05). When expressed as the omental/subcutaneous ratio, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity was negatively and significantly related to plasma DHT, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels.Abdominally obese women with large, metabolically active omental adipocytes appear to be characterized by reduced endogenous levels of DHT. The assumption that high androgen levels are associated with an android body fat distribution pattern in women should be critically re-examined.

scholarly journals Towards Personalised Contrast Injection: Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Body Composition and Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Daan J. de Jong ◽  
Wouter B. Veldhuis ◽  
Frank J. Wessels ◽  
Bob de Vos ◽  
Pim Moeskops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

In contrast-enhanced computed tomography, total body weight adapted contrast injection protocols have proven successful in achieving a homogeneous enhancement of vascular structures and liver parenchyma. However, because solid organs have greater perfusion than adipose tissue, the lean body weight (fat-free mass) rather than the total body weight is theorised to cause even more homogeneous enhancement. We included 102 consecutive patients who underwent a multiphase abdominal computed tomography between March 2016 and October 2019. Patients received contrast media (300 mgI/mL) according to bodyweight categories. Using regions of interest, we measured the Hounsfield unit (HU) increase in liver attenuation from unenhanced to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Furthermore, subjective image quality was graded using a four-point Likert scale. An artificial intelligence algorithm automatically segmented and determined the body compositions and calculated the percentages of lean body weight. The hepatic enhancements were adjusted for iodine dose and iodine dose per total body weight, as well as percentage lean body weight. The associations between enhancement and total body weight, body mass index, and lean body weight were analysed using linear regression. Patients had a median age of 68 years (IQR: 58–74), a total body weight of 81 kg (IQR: 73–90), a body mass index of 26 kg/m2 (SD: ±4.2), and a lean body weight percentage of 50% (IQR: 36–55). Mean liver enhancements in the portal venous phase were 61 ± 12 HU (≤70 kg), 53 ± 10 HU (70–90 kg), and 53 ± 7 HU (≥90 kg). The majority (93%) of scans were rated as good or excellent. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between liver enhancement corrected for injected total iodine and total body weight (r = 0.53; p < 0.001) and between liver enhancement corrected for lean body weight and the percentage of lean body weight (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). Most benefits from personalising iodine injection using %LBW additive to total body weight would be achieved in patients under 90 kg. Liver enhancement is more strongly associated with the percentage of lean body weight than with the total body weight or body mass index. The observed variation in liver enhancement might be reduced by a personalised injection based on the artificial-intelligence-determined percentage of lean body weight.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jagim ◽  
Jennifer B. Fields ◽  
Meghan Magee ◽  
Chad Kerksick ◽  
Joel Luedke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Division Iii

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goal in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n=42, height: 169.9 &plusmn; 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 &plusmn; 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 &plusmn; 6.6 kg; body fat %: 24.2 &plusmn; 5.3%) and men (n=25, height: 180.8 &plusmn; 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 &plusmn; 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 &plusmn; 12.2 kg; body fat %: 13.5 &plusmn; 8.9%) athletes. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sport nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as their body weight goal (i.e. lose, maintain, gain weight). Athletes answered 47.98 &plusmn; 11.29 % of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with no differences observed between sexes (men: 49.52 &plusmn; 11.76% vs. women: 47.03 &plusmn; 11.04%; p=0.40). An inverse relationship between sport nutrition knowledge scores and body fat percentage (r = -0.330; p=0.008), and fat mass (r = -.268; p=0.032) was observed for all athletes. Fat mass (&beta; = 0.224), BF % (&beta; = 0.217), and BMI (&beta; = 0.421) were all significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) predictors of body weight goal in women. All athletes significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) underestimated daily energy (-1,360 &plusmn; 610.2 kcal/d), carbohydrate (-301.6 &plusmn; 149.2 g/d), and fat (-41.4 &plusmn; 34.5 g/d) requirements. Division III collegiate athletes have a low level of sport nutrition knowledge, which was associated with a higher BF %. Women athletes with a higher body weight, BF % and BMI were more likely to select weight loss as a body weight goal. Athletes also significantly underestimated their energy and carbohydrate requirements based upon the demands of their sport, independent of sex.

scholarly journals Stav antropometrických parametrov a telesného zloženia u detí mladšieho školského veku

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hadžega ◽  
Václav Bunc
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
School Age ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Frequency Apparatus

The aim of our observation was to measure selected anthropometric characteristics and to analyze actual body composition in children of younger school age from elementary schools in Prague. The group consisted of a total of 222 probands, boys (n-117) and girls (n-105) aged 8–11 years (average boys age = 9.0 ± 1.0 years, body height = 139.9 ± 8.6 cm, body weight = 32 ± 7.5 kg, BMI = 16.3 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). Average age girls = 8.9 ± 0.9 years, body height = 137.3 ± 8.8 cm, body weight = 30.5 ± 7.3 kg, BMI = 15.9 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). The BIA 2000 M multi-frequency apparatus (whole-body bioimpedance analysis) was used to analyze the body composition. Children of younger school age showed higher TBW values – total body water (boys 65.5 ± 6.0%, girls 66.6 ± 6.5%), low body fat (boys 16.1 ± 2.4%, girls 16.5 ± 2.9%) and higher ECM/BCM coefficients (boys 1.0 ± 0.13, girls 1.02 ± 0.11). The authors draws, attention to the importance of monitoring other body composition parameters. The percentage of fat-free mass (FFM) and the share of segmental distribution of body fat and muscle mass on individual parts of the human body.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jagim ◽  
Jennifer B. Fields ◽  
Meghan Magee ◽  
Chad Kerksick ◽  
Joel Luedke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Division Iii

Sport nutrition knowledge has been shown to influence dietary habits of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between sport nutrition knowledge and body composition and examine potential predictors of body weight goals in collegiate athletes. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III women (n = 42, height: 169.9 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 67.1 ± 8.6 kg; fat-free mass: 51.3 ± 6.6 kg; body fat per cent: 24.2 ± 5.3%) and men (n = 25, height: 180.8 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 89.2 ± 20.5 kg; fat-free mass: 75.9 ± 12.2 kg; body fat per cent: 13.5 ± 8.9%) athletes. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sport nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as their body weight goal (i.e., lose, maintain, gain weight). Athletes answered 47.98 ± 11.29% of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with no differences observed between sexes (men: 49.52 ± 11.76% vs. women: 47.03 ± 11.04%; p = 0.40). An inverse relationship between sport nutrition knowledge scores and body fat percentage (BF%) (r = –0.330; p = 0.008), and fat mass (r = –.268; p = 0.032) was observed for all athletes. Fat mass (β = 0.224), BF% (β = 0.217), and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.421) were all significant (p < 0.05) predictors of body weight goal in women. All athletes significantly (p < 0.001) underestimated daily energy (–1,360 ± 610.2 kcal/day), carbohydrate (–301.6 ± 149.2 grams/day [g/day]), and fat (–41.4 ± 34.5 g/day) requirements. Division III collegiate athletes have a low level of sport nutrition knowledge, which was associated with a higher BF%. Women athletes with a higher body weight, BF% and BMI were more likely to select weight loss as a body weight goal. Athletes also significantly underestimated their energy and carbohydrate requirements based upon the demands of their sport, independent of sex.

Competitive Performance of Kenyan Runners Compared to their Relative Body Weight and Fat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietta Sengeis ◽  
Wolfram Müller ◽  
Paul Störchle ◽  
Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

AbstractBody fat values obtained with various measurement methods deviate substantially in many cases. The standardised brightness-mode ultrasound method was used in 32 Kenyan elite long-distance runners to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses at an accuracy and reliability level not reached by any other method. Subcutaneous adipose tissue forms the dominating part of body fat. Additionally, body mass (m), height (h), sitting height (s), leg length, and the mass index MI1 =0.53m/(hs) were determined. MI1 considers leg length, which the body mass index ignores. MI1 values of all participants were higher than their body mass indices. Both indices for relative body weight were within narrow ranges, although thickness sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue deviated strongly (women: 20–82 mm; men: 3–36 mm). Men had 2.1 times more embedded fasciae in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the subgroup with personal best times below world record time plus 10%, no correlation between performance and body mass index was found, and there was also no correlation with sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses. Within the data ranges found here, extremely low relative body weight or low body fat were no criteria for the level of performance, therefore, pressure towards too low values may be disadvantageous.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document