Distribution of ICC and motor response characteristics in urinary bladders reconstructed from human ileum

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G147-G157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Faussone-Pellegrini ◽  
S. Serni ◽  
M. Carini
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Bladder Reconstruction ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Two Populations

Motor patterns, intraluminal pressures, volume capacity, and histoanatomic characteristics were studied in full thickness specimens from ileal reservoirs (orthotopic ileal bladders) removed during corrective surgery. Contractile activity was recorded in situ before corrective surgery. Morphological examination was performed with both light and electron microscopy. Two populations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were identified: ICC at the level of the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP) and ICC at the level of the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP). The ileal reservoirs left as tubes generated phasic activity when filled with liquid, and all retained the ICC-MP; however, after extended periods (e.g., 8 yr), these reservoirs lost the ICC-DMP and were less responsive to distension. The detubularized ileal reservoirs were not responsive to distension and did not generate phasic activity; none had ICC-DMP and all had a disrupted ICC-MP network. In conclusion, motor patterns were found to be specific for each type of reservoir, and the two populations of ICC had characteristics specific for the type of bladder reconstruction.

Haustral boundary contractions in the proximal 3-taeniated rabbit colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G181-G192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Chen ◽  
Zixian Yang ◽  
Yuanjie Yu ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Induced Folding ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The rabbit proximal colon is similar in structure to the human colon. Our objective was to study interactions of different rhythmic motor patterns focusing on haustral boundary contractions, which create the haustra, using spatiotemporal mapping of video recordings. Haustral boundary contractions were seen as highly rhythmic circumferential ring contractions that propagated slowly across the proximal colon, preferentially but not exclusively in the anal direction, at ∼0.5 cycles per minute; they were abolished by nerve conduction blockers. When multiple haustral boundary contractions propagated in the opposite direction, they annihilated each other upon encounter. Ripples, myogenic propagating ring contractions at ∼9 cycles per min, induced folding and unfolding of haustral muscle folds, creating an anarchic appearance of contractile activity, with different patterns in the three intertaenial regions. Two features of ripple activity were prominent: frequent changes in propagation direction and the occurrence of dislocations showing a frequency gradient with the highest intrinsic frequency in the distal colon. The haustral boundary contractions showed an on/off/on/off pattern at the ripple frequency, and the contraction amplitude at any point of the colon showed waxing and waning. The haustral boundary contractions are therefore shaped by interaction of two pacemaker activities hypothesized to occur through phase-amplitude coupling of pacemaker activities from interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus and of the submuscular plexus. Video evidence shows the unique role haustral folds play in shaping contractile activity within the haustra. Muscarinic agents not only enhance the force of contraction, they can eliminate one and at the same time induce another neurally dependent motor pattern.

scholarly journals The five primary prostaglandins stimulate contractions and phasic activity of the urinary bladder urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Stromberga ◽  
Russ Chess-Williams ◽  
Christian Moro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Bladder Urothelium

Abstract Background: Inflammation is often associated with several bladder dysfunctions, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS). As such, inflammation of the bladder and the actions of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the development of the urinary symptoms. This study assessed the actions of PGE 2 , PGF 2 , PGD 2 , TXA 2 , and PGI 2 on the urinary bladder urothelium with lamina propria (U&LP), as well as the detrusor smooth muscle.Methods: Studies were carried out using isolated tissue baths, where strips porcine bladder U&LP or detrusor were exposed to varying concentrations of prostaglandin agonists (1 µM and 10 µM).Results: All assessed prostaglandin agonists contracted both the U&LP and detrusor smooth muscle, with the rank order of contractile response effectiveness as: PGE 2 > PGF 2α > TXA 2 > PGD 2 > PGI 2 . In U&LP, treatment with PGE 2 (10 µM) increased tonic contractions by 1.36 ± 0.09 g (n = 42, p < 0.001) and phasic contractions by 40.4 ± 9.6% (n = 42, p < 0.001). In response to PGF 2α (10 µM), U&LP tonic contractions increased by 0.79 ± 0.06 g (n = 14, p < 0.001) and phasic activity by 13.3% ± 5.3% (n = 15, p < 0.05). In detrusor preparations, PGE 2 (10 µM) increased tonic contractions by 1.32 ± 0.13 g (n = 38, p < 0.001) and PGF 2α (10 µM) by 0.97 ± 0.14 g (n = 12, p < 0.001). Only 34% (n = 48) of all detrusor preparations exhibited spontaneous activity prior to the addition of any agonist at a frequency of 2.03 ± 0.12 cpm. In preparations that did not exhibit initial phasic activity, all of the prostaglandin agonists were capable of commencing phasic activity.Conclusions: The urinary bladder U&LP and detrusor respond to a variety of prostaglandin agonists, with their activation resulting in direct contractions, as well as increases to spontaneous contractile activity. This study presents the prostaglandin receptor system as a potential therapeutic target for lower urinary tract dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effects of gap junction inhibition on contraction waves in the murine small intestine in relation to coupled oscillator theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. G287-G297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Parsons ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Coupled Oscillator ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Murine Small Intestine ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Oscillator Theory

Waves of contraction in the small intestine correlate with slow waves generated by the myenteric network of interstitial cells of Cajal. Coupled oscillator theory has been used to explain steplike gradients in the frequency (frequency plateaux) of contraction waves along the length of the small intestine. Inhibition of gap junction coupling between oscillators should lead to predictable effects on these plateaux and the wave dislocation (wave drop) phenomena associated with their boundaries. It is these predictions that we wished to test. We used a novel multicamera diameter-mapping system to measure contraction along 25- to 30-cm lengths of murine small intestine. There were typically two to three plateaux per length of intestine. Dislocations could be limited to the wavefronts immediately about the terminated wave, giving the appearance of a three-pronged fork, i.e., a fork dislocation; additionally, localized decreases in velocity developed across a number of wavefronts, ending with the terminated wave, which could appear as a fork, i.e., slip dislocations. The gap junction inhibitor carbenoxolone increased the number of plateaux and dislocations and decreased contraction wave velocity. In some cases, the usual frequency gradient was reversed, with a plateau at a higher frequency than its proximal neighbor; thus fork dislocations were inverted, and the direction of propagation was reversed. Heptanol had no effect on the frequency or velocity of contractions but did reduce their amplitude. To understand intestinal motor patterns, the pacemaker network of the interstitial cells of Cajal is best evaluated as a system of coupled oscillators.

Tetraethylammonium-induced phasic arterial constriction: temporal and spatial characteristics

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. H436-H442
Author(s):  
C. R. Lambert ◽  
C. J. Pepine
Keyword(s):  
Tangential Stress ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery Spasm ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Techniques

In vitro techniques were developed to characterize temporal, spatial, and mechanical characteristics of tetraethylammonium (TEA)-induced phasic contractile activity in pressurized perfused canine femoral artery segments. Power spectral analysis revealed TEA-induced phasic activity to be included in the bandwidth from 0.004 to 0.016 Hz. The level of intraluminal pressure did not influence frequency characteristics of this activity. Mean total tangential stress increased proportionately with intraluminal pressure, whereas both mean developed tangential stress and the strain index mean percent change of external diameter showed a plateau in the 80- to 120-mmHg pressure range. TEA-induced phasic activity propagated longitudinally in all arteries studied. The velocity of longitudinal propagation (V, cm/s) varied with intraluminal pressure in a nonlinear fashion with V = 0.79 +/- 0.05 at 40 mmHg, V = 0.72 +/- 0.05 at 80 mm Hg, and V = 0.85 +/- 0.05 at 120 mmHg. V was not affected by tetrodotoxin, and phasic activity was abolished by verapamil. Phasic activity showed a primary direction of propagation 81 +/- 7% of the time; however, this direction was variable in all arteries. Thus vascular smooth muscle activation by TEA, which has been proposed as a model for coronary artery spasm, produces propagated constrictor responses in the ultra-low-frequency band with pressure-sensitive velocity characteristics and mechanical properties that are optimized in the physiological pressure range.

scholarly journals Toward a Concept of Stretch Coupling in Smooth Muscle: A Thesis by Lars Thuneberg on Contractile Activity in Neonatal Interstitial Cells of Cajal

2010 ◽  
Vol 293 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Wim J.E.P. Lammers ◽  
Hanne B. Mikkelsen ◽  
Yaohui Zhu ◽  
Xuan-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Effects of acute graded exercise on human colonic motility

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. G1221-G1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish S. C. Rao ◽  
Jennifer Beaty ◽  
Mindi Chamberlain ◽  
Patrick G. Lambert ◽  
Carl Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Graded Exercise

Whether physical exercise stimulates colonic motility is unclear. Our aim was to determine the immediate effects of graded exercise on colonic motility. Colonic motility was recorded at six sites in 11 untrained subjects, by colonoscopically placing a solid-state probe. Subjects were free to ambulate. The next day, subjects exercised on a bicycle at 25, 50, and 75% of peak oxygen uptake for 15 min, with each followed by a 15-min rest. Motor patterns, motility indexes, and regional variations before, during exercise, during rest, and during postexercise periods were compared. During exercise, there was an intensity-dependent decrease ( P < 0.001) in the number and area under the curve of pressure waves. The incidence of propagated or simultaneous pressure waves and cyclical events also decreased ( P < 0.05). After exercise, the pressure activity reverted to baseline, but the number and amplitude of propagated waves increased ( P < 0.01), whereas the simultaneous waves and cyclical events remained lower. Acute graded exercise decreases colonic phasic activity. This may offer less resistance to colonic flow, whereas the postexercise increase in propagated activity may enhance colonic propulsion.

Pacemaker activity and inhibitory neurotransmission in the colon of Ws/Ws mutant rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. G1499-G1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Albertí ◽  
H. B. Mikkelsen ◽  
X. Y. Wang ◽  
M. Díaz ◽  
J. O. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmission ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The aim of this study was to characterize the pacemaker activity and inhibitory neurotransmission in the colon of Ws/Ws mutant rats, which harbor a mutation in the c- kit gene that affects development of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). In Ws/Ws rats, the density of KIT-positive cells was markedly reduced. Wild-type, but not Ws/Ws, rats showed low- and high-frequency cyclic depolarization that were associated with highly regular myogenic motor patterns at the same frequencies. In Ws/Ws rats, irregular patterns of action potentials triggered irregular muscle contractions occurring within a bandwidth of 10–20 cycles/min. Spontaneous activity of nitrergic nerves caused sustained inhibition of muscle activity in both wild-type (+/+) and Ws/Ws rats. Electrical field stimulation of enteric nerves, after blockade of cholinergic and adrenergic activity, elicited inhibition of mechanical activity and biphasic inhibitory junction potentials both in wild-type and Ws/Ws rats. Apamin-sensitive, likely purinergic, inhibitory innervation was not affected by loss of ICC. Variable presence of nitrergic innervation likely reflects the presence of direct nitrergic innervation to smooth muscle cells as well as indirect innervation via ICC. In summary, loss of ICC markedly affects pacemaker and motor activities of the rat colon. Inhibitory innervation is largely maintained but nitrergic innervation is reduced possibly related to the loss of ICC-mediated relaxation.

Massive intestinal resection depresses circular smooth muscle contractility in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth C. Chin ◽  
Daimen T. M. Tan ◽  
R. Brent Scott
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle

To determine whether functional changes in in vitro contractility and in vivo gastrointestinal transit accompany the adaptive structural changes seen in jejunal circular muscle after massive intestinal resection, rats were subjected to either surgical resection of 75% of the mid-jejunoileum or a sham operation. Basal stress in response to stretch was similar for both groups on postoperative days 10, 20, 30, and 40. By day 10 after surgery, tissues from resected rats exhibited a significant reduction in bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress and in frequency of phasic contractions. The amplitude of spontaneous phasic activity was significantly increased; however, following cholinergic stimulation, the magnitude of the increase in the amplitude of phasic activity was significantly reduced. Experiments with tetrodotoxin (10−6 M) indicated a myogenic origin to the reduction in bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress and the reduced frequency and altered amplitude of phasic contractile activity in resected animals. The tonic stress developed in response to depolarization with KCl did not differ significantly between sham-operated and resected rats. Transit studies showed no change in the rate of gastric emptying after resection but did reveal a significant reduction in the velocity of intestinal transit. Thus, following massive intestinal resection the bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress response and phasic contractile activity of circular smooth muscle are significantly reduced, concomitant with altered intestinal transit. The reduction in contractility in the resected animals may be due to an alteration at the level of the smooth muscle receptor and (or) its signal transduction pathway.Key words: short gut, intestinal circular smooth muscle, contractility, adaptation.

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