Loss of exocrine pancreatic stimulation during parenteral feeding suppresses digestive enzyme expression and induces Hsp70 expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. G857-G866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan D. Baumler ◽  
David W. Nelson ◽  
Denise M. Ney ◽  
Guy E. Groblewski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Mucosal Atrophy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Intestinal

Luminal nutrients are essential for the growth and maintenance of digestive tissue including the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa. Long-term loss of luminal nutrients such as during animal hibernation has been shown to result in mucosal atrophy and a corresponding stress response characterized by the induction of heat shock protein (Hsp)70 expression. This study was conducted to determine if the loss of luminal nutrients during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) would result in atrophy of the exocrine pancreas and small intestinal mucosa as well as an induction of Hsp70 expression in rats. In experiment 1, the treatment groups included an orally fed control, a saline-infused surgical control, or TPN treatment for 7 days. In experiment 2, the treatment groups included an orally fed control and TPN alone or coinfused with varying doses of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2, a mucosal proliferation agent, for 7 days. In experiment 1, TPN resulted in a 40% reduction in pancreatic mass that was associated with a dramatic reduction in digestive enzyme expression, enhanced apoptosis, and a 200% increase in Hsp70 expression. Conversely, heat shock cognate 70, Hsp27, and Hsp60 expression was not changed in the pancreas. In experiment 2, TPN resulted in a 30% reduction in jejunal mucosa mass and a similar induction of Hsp70 expression. The inclusion of GLP-2 during TPN attenuated jejunal mucosal atrophy and inhibited Hsp70 expression, suggesting that Hsp70 induction is sensitive to cell growth. These data indicate that pancreatic and intestinal mucosal atrophy caused by a loss of luminal nutrient stimulation is accompanied by a compensatory response involving Hsp70.

scholarly journals Dietary effects of faba-bean (Vicia faba L.) tannins on the morphology and function of the small-intestinal mucosa of weaned pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Leeumen ◽  
A. J. M. Jansam ◽  
J. Wiebenga ◽  
J. F. J. G. Koninkx ◽  
J. M. V. M. Mouwen
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of condensed tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on morphological and functional variables of the small-intestinal mucosa of piglets. In an experiment with young piglets (8–17 kg body weight), fed on either a control diet or a diet containing 200 g/kg of low- or high-tannin faba bean hulls (with < 0·10 and 3·3% catechin equivalents of condensed tannins respectively), morphological and functional characteristics of the jejunal mucosa were determined. Results of the study showed that the morphological variables of the mucosa of the three groups of piglets were similar. Also, no changes due to dietary tannins were observed in sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48)–isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.10) activity in homogenates of mucosa plus submucosa. However, aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) activity in these homogenates in the proximal part of the small intestine of the animals of the group fed on the high-tannin diet was significantly lower than that in the animals fed on the control diet or the diet with low-tannin hulls (P < 0·05).

scholarly journals Comparison of Digestive Enzyme Activities and Expression of Small Intestinal Transporter Genes in Jinhua and Landrace Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuting Liu ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Kaikai Lv ◽  
Fen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Digestive enzyme activity is involved in the regulation of growth performance because digestive enzymes function to improve the feed efficiency by digestion and in turn to modulate the process of nutrient metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of the digestive enzyme activities and expression of nutrient transporters in the intestinal tract between Jinhua and Landrace pigs and to explore the potential breed-specificity in digestion and absorption. The pancreas segments and the digesta and mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected from 10 Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs, respectively. The activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase were measured and the expression levels of PepT1, GLUT2, SGLT1, FABP1, FABP2, and FABP4 were examined. Results showed that the trypsin activity in the pancreas of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs, but was lower in the small intestine, except for in the jejunal mucosa. The chymotrypsin activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs, except for in jejunal mucosa and contents. Compared with Landrace pigs, the amylase and maltase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was lower, except for in ileal mucosa. The sucrase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was also lower than Landrace pigs, except for in jejunal mucosa. Furthermore, the lipase activity in the small intestine of Jinhua pigs was higher than that in Landrace pigs. The mRNA levels of PepT1 and GLUT2 in duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosa showed no difference between Jinhua and Landrace pigs, whereas SGLT1 in ileal mucosa was lower in Jinhua pigs. The mRNA levels of FABP1, FABP2 and FABP4 in the small intestinal mucosa of Jinhua pigs were higher than in Landrace pigs. These findings indicate that there is a certain difference in the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in small intestine of Jinhua and Landrace pigs, partially resulting in their differences in growth development and fat deposition.

scholarly journals The bacteriology of the small intestinal mucosa of free-living reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenche Sørmo ◽  
Tove H. Aagnes ◽  
Monica A. Olsen ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Distal Jejunum

Bacteria in close associaton with the intestinal mucosa are thought to protect the mucosa from pathogenic microorganisms. The pH of the small intestinal mucosa and the viable populations of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with the proximal and distal jejunal mucosa, were measured in four free-living reindeer in winter. The anaerobic bacterial populations were characterized. The median pH of the mucosa of the duodenum was 6.6 (n=4) at point 0.2 m from the pyloric sphincter. The mucosal pH increased along the length of the intestine to 8.3 at 14 m and then decreased to 7.9 at 19.8 m from the pyloric sphincter. Examination by transmission electron microscopy and cultivation techniques failed to reveal any bacteria on the mucosa of the proximal jejunum in two of the animals. In two other reindeer the median anaerobic bacterial densities in the proximal jejunum ranged from 25-2500 cells/g mucosa. The median anaerobic bacterial populations in the distal jejunum ranged from 80 to 20000 bacteria/g mucosa (n=4). The anaerobic population of bacteria in the proximal jejunum was dominated by streptococci and unidentified gram positive rods. Bacteroidaceae, streptococci and unidentified gram positive rods were common in the distal jejunum. The low density and the species diversity of bacteria in the small intestine suggests that these microorganisms are inhibited by components in the natural winter diet of reindeer. Bacteria evidently play a minor role in protection of the mucosa of reindeer in winter.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of orally administered sodium butyrate before or after weaning on growth and several indices of gastrointestinal biology of piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Mélanie Gallois ◽  
Bernard Sève ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Small Intestinal

Sodium butyrate (SB) provided orally favours body growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in milk-fed pigs. In weaned pigs, conflicting results have been obtained. Therefore, we hypothesised that the effects of SB (3 g/kg DM intake) depend on the period (before v. after weaning) of its oral administration. From the age of 5 d, thirty-two pigs, blocked in quadruplicates within litters, were assigned to one of four treatments: no SB (control), SB before (for 24 d), or after (for 11–12 d) weaning and SB before and after weaning (for 35–36 d). Growth performance, feed intake and various end-point indices of GIT anatomy and physiology were investigated at slaughter. The pigs supplemented with SB before weaning grew faster after weaning than the controls (P < 0·05). The feed intake was higher in pigs supplemented with SB before or after weaning (P < 0·05). SB provided before weaning improved post-weaning faecal digestibility (P < 0·05) while SB after weaning decreased ileal and faecal digestibilities (P < 0·05). Gastric digesta retention was higher when SB was provided before weaning (P < 0·05). Post-weaning administration of SB decreased the activity of three pancreatic enzymes and five intestinal enzymes (P < 0·05). IL-18 gene expression tended to be lower in the mid-jejunum in SB-supplemented pigs. The small-intestinal mucosa was thinner and jejunal villous height lower in all SB groups (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the pre-weaning SB supplementation was the most efficient to stimulate body growth and feed intake after weaning, by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal mucosa weight and by increasing feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein C-III in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Blaufuss ◽  
J I Gordon ◽  
G Schonfeld ◽  
A W Strauss ◽  
D H Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

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