Digitalis: new actions for an old drug

The mechanisms by which digitalis causes its therapeutic and toxic actions have been studied for nearly a half century, revealing a great deal about cardiac cell regulation of intracellular ions via the Na-K-ATPase (NKA) and how it is altered by cardiac glycosides. However, recent observations suggest that digitalis may have additional effects on cardiac cell function in both the short and long term that include intracellular effects, interactions with specific NKA isoforms in different cellular locations, effects on intracellular (including nuclear) signaling, and long-term regulation of intracellular ionic balances through circulating ouabain-like compounds. The purpose of this review is to examine the current status of a number of the newest and most interesting developments in the study of digitalis with a particular focus on cardiac function, although we will also discuss some of the new advances in other relevant cardiovascular effects. This new information has important implications for both our understanding of ionic regulation in normal and diseased hearts as well as for potential avenues for the development of future therapeutic interventions for the treatment of heart failure.

Download Full-text

Short- and Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release in Adolescents With ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900014115 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (S15) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Timothy E. Wilens ◽

Thomas J. Spencer ◽

Joseph Biederman

Keyword(s):

Extended Release ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Dose Titration ◽

Open Label ◽

Double Blind ◽

Once Daily ◽

Open Label Extension ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Clinically Significant

AbstractObjectiveAssess cardiovascular effects of once-daily mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR) in adolescents (13–17 years of age) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsBlood pressure (BP), pulse, and electrocardiograms were assessed in 327 healthy subjects during a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, forced dose-titration study. Placebo (n=69) or once-daily MAS XR(10, 20, 30, or 40 mg) was administered to subjects ≤75 kg (n=233); 50- and 60-mg MAS XR was administered to subjects >75 kg (n=25). One hundred thirty-eight subjects participated in a 6-month, open-label extension study.FindingsChanges in BP and QTcB (Bazett's formula) intervals at 4 weeks with MAS XR were not significantly different from the placebo group. Pulse increased by 5.0 and 8.5 bpm after 3 weeks with MAS XR 20 and 50 mg/day, respectively (P≤.002). After 6 months of open-label MAS XR treatment, mean increases in systolic BP (1.7 mm Hg; P=.0252) and pulse (4.4 bpm; P<.0001) were statistically, but not clinically, significant diastolic BP was not significantly changed (0.6 mm Hg) A decrease in QTcB interval (-4.6±19.9 msec) was statistically (P=.009), but not clinically, significant. There were no serious cardiovascular adverse events.ConclusionCardiovascular effects of short- and long-term MAS XR treatment (≤60 mg/day) were minimal in otherwise healthy adolescents with ADHD.

Download Full-text

Short- and Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release in Children

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.03.014 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Robert L. Findling ◽

Joseph Biederman ◽

Timothy E. Wilens ◽

Thomas J. Spencer ◽

James J. McGough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extended Release ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Short And Long Term

Download Full-text

Erratum: Corrigendum: The differential short- and long-term effects of HIV-1 latency-reversing agents on T cell function

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep34430 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Clutton ◽

Y. Xu ◽

P. L. Baldoni ◽

K. R. Mollan ◽

J. Kirchherr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

T Cell Function ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Reversing Agents

Download Full-text

Therapeutic Interventions for Scapular Kinematics and Disability in Patients With Subacromial Impingement: A Systematic Review

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-309-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 283-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katsumi Takeno ◽

Neal R. Glaviano ◽

Grant E. Norte ◽

Christopher D. Ingersoll

Keyword(s):

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Subacromial Impingement ◽

Scapular Kinematics ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Posterior Tilt ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Scapular Plane

Context Impaired scapular kinematics are commonly reported in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Various therapeutic interventions designed to improve scapular kinematics and minimize pain and disability have been described in the literature. However, the short- and long-term benefits of these interventions are unclear. Objective To determine the effects of specific short- and long-term therapeutic interventions on scapular kinematics and disability in patients with SIS. Data Sources We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases from their origins to January 2018 using a combination of the key words scapular kinematics AND (shoulder dysfunction OR subacromial impingement) and conducted a manual search by reviewing the references of the identified papers. Study Selection Studies were included if (1) preintervention and postintervention measures were available; (2) patient-reported outcomes were reported; (3) scapular kinematics measures at 90° of ascending limb elevation in the scapular plane were included; (4) SIS was diagnosed in participants or participants self-reported symptoms of SIS; (5) they were original clinical studies published in English; and (6) the sample sizes, means, and measure of variability for each group were reported. Data Extraction Seven studies were found. Sample sizes, means, and standard deviations of scapular upward rotation, posterior tilt, and internal rotation at 90° of ascending limb elevation on the scapular plane and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were extracted. Data Synthesis Standardized mean differences between preintervention and postintervention measures with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We observed that the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores improved (mean difference = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.54, 1.16) but did not observe changes in scapular upward rotation (mean difference = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.31, 0.22), posterior tilt (mean difference = −0.09; 95% CI = −0.32, 0.15), or internal rotation (mean difference = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.19, 0.31). Conclusions The short- and long-term therapeutic interventions for SIS improved patient-reported outcomes but not scapular kinematics. The identified improvements in shoulder pain and function were not likely explained by changes in scapular kinematics.

Download Full-text

Short- and long-term effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on mouse pancreatic islet B-cell function in vitro

Cryobiology ◽

10.1016/0011-2240(82)90158-4 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stellan Sandler ◽

Arne Andersson

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Pancreatic Islet ◽

Cell Function ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

B Cell Function ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Mouse Pancreatic Islet

Download Full-text

Foetal therapy: what works? Closed interatrial septum

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s104795111400122x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (S2) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ulrike Herberg ◽

Christoph Berg ◽

Annegret Geipel ◽

Ulrich Gembruch ◽

Johannes Breuer

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Interatrial Septum ◽

Current Status ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Left Heart Syndrome ◽

Foetal Diagnosis

AbstractHypoplastic left-heart syndrome and critical aortic stenosis with severely restricted or intact foramen ovale are associated with high neonatal mortality and poor long-term outcome. Despite accurate foetal diagnosis and successful postnatal catheter-based and surgical intervention, the 1-month survival rate is about 33%. Changes in pulmonary vascular architecture resulting in pulmonary hypertension result in important long-term morbidity. Prenatal relief of left atrial and pulmonary hypertension may promote normal pulmonary vascular and parenchymal development and improve short- and long-term outcomes. Foetal atrial balloon septostomy, laser perforation, and stenting of the foetal interatrial septum are the current options for foetal therapy. This paper provides an overview of foetal diagnosis, selection of patients for foetal intervention, and interventional techniques, and also reviews the current status of foetal and postnatal outcomes after intrauterine intervention.

Download Full-text

Current Status of Distal Embolization in Femoropopliteal Endovascular Interventions

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1177/1538574418764050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 440-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandro Cannavale ◽

Mariangela Santoni ◽

Marianna Gazzetti ◽

Carlo Catalano ◽

Fabrizio Fanelli

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Major Amputation ◽

Current Status ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Distal Embolization ◽

Endovascular Interventions ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Short And Long Term

The application of advanced endovascular techniques in very complex femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions has shown to expose patients to a higher risk of distal embolization (DE). This complication can affect both the short- and long-term outcomes, leading to worsening ischemia, early minor/major amputation, and longer hospital stay. Recently, there has been an increasing body of evidence on pathophysiology and clinical–radiological management of DE that however has not been systematically addressed by guidelines. The aim of this review was to analyze the current evidence outlining definition and classification, risk assessment, prevention, and management strategies of DE in femoropopliteal endovascular interventions.

Download Full-text