scholarly journals Selective quantification of the cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems by multisignal analysis of cardiorespiratory variability

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. H362-H371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Ramakrishna Mukkamala
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sympathetic Blockade ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Time Domain

Heart rate (HR) power spectral indexes are limited as measures of the cardiac autonomic nervous systems (CANS) in that they neither offer an effective marker of the β-sympathetic nervous system (SNS) due to its overlap with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in the low-frequency (LF) band nor afford specific measures of the CANS due to input contributions to HR [e.g., arterial blood pressure (ABP) and instantaneous lung volume (ILV)]. We derived new PNS and SNS indexes by multisignal analysis of cardiorespiratory variability. The basic idea was to identify the autonomically mediated transfer functions relating fluctuations in ILV to HR (ILV→HR) and fluctuations in ABP to HR (ABP→HR) so as to eliminate the input contributions to HR and then separate each estimated transfer function in the time domain into PNS and SNS indexes using physiological knowledge. We evaluated these indexes with respect to selective pharmacological autonomic nervous blockade in 14 humans. Our results showed that the PNS index derived from the ABP→HR transfer function was correctly decreased after vagal and double (vagal + β-sympathetic) blockade ( P < 0.01) and did not change after β-sympathetic blockade, whereas the SNS index derived from the same transfer function was correctly reduced after β-sympathetic blockade in the standing posture and double blockade ( P < 0.05) and remained the same after vagal blockade. However, this SNS index did not significantly decrease after β-sympathetic blockade in the supine posture. Overall, these predictions were better than those provided by the traditional high-frequency (HF) power, LF-to-HF ratio, and normalized LF power of HR variability.

scholarly journals Analysis of heart rate variability in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e294101119781
Author(s):  
Antonio Gomes da Silva Neto ◽  
Daniel Souza Ferreira Magalhães ◽  
Raduan Hage ◽  
Laurita dos Santos ◽  
José Carlos Cogo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
The Time Domain

The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) by linear methods in conjunction with Poincaré plots can be useful for evaluating cardiac regulation by the autonomic nervous system and for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease in snakes. In this report, we describe an analysis of HRV in conscious adult corn snakes Pantherophis guttatus (P. guttatus).  The electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were determined in adult corn snakes (8 females, 13 males) and used for HRV analysis, and the RR interval was analyzed by linear methods in the time and frequency domains. There was no sex-related difference in heart rate. However, significant differences were seen in the duration of the P, PR, and T waves and QRS complex; there was no difference in the QT interval. The values for the RR interval varied by 15.3% and 18.8% in male and female snakes, respectively, and there was considerable variation in the values for the high and low frequency domains. The changes in the time domain were attributed to regulation by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, in agreement with variations in the high and low frequency domains. The values for standard deviations 1 and 2 in Poincaré plots, as well as the values of the frequency domain, provide useful parameters for future studies of cardiac function in P. guttatus.

Effects of Qi-Training on Heart Rate Variability

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong Soo Lee ◽  
Hwa Jeong Huh ◽  
Byung Gi Kim ◽  
Hoon Ryu ◽  
Ho-Sub Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Young Subjects

This study investigates changes in autonomic nervous function through Qi-training. The power spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) was examined in 20 sedentary healthy subjects and 20 Qi-trainees. It was found that Qi-training in healthy young subjects during controlled respiration increases the high frequency (HF) power and decreases the low frequency / high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio of HRV. These results support the hypothesis that Qi-training increases cardiac parasympathetic tone. In addition, Qi-trainees were found to have higher parasympathetic heart modulation compared with their age-matched, sedentary counterparts. This augmented HRV in Qi-trainees provides further support for long-term Qi-training as a possible non-pharmacological cardio-protective maneuver. In conclusion, Qi-training may stabilize the autonomic nervous system by modulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children: literature update

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira Mondoni ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Bruno Saraiva ◽  
Franciele Marques Vanderlei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

AbstractIntroduction It is known that physical exercise is beneficial and precipitates adjustments to the autonomic nervous system. However, the effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children, despite its importance, is poorly investigated.Objective To bring together current information about the effects of exercise on heart rate variability in healthy and obese children.Methods The literature update was performed through a search for articles in the following databases; PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs, using the descriptors “exercise” and “child” in conjunction with the descriptors “autonomic nervous system”, “sympathetic nervous system”, “parasympathetic nervous system” and also with no descriptor, but the key word of this study, “heart rate variability”, from January 2005 to December 2012.Results After removal of items that did not fit the subject of the study, a total of 9 articles were selected, 5 with healthy and 4 with obese children.Conclusion The findings suggest that exercise can act in the normalization of existing alterations in the autonomic nervous system of obese children, as well as serve as a preventative factor in healthy children, enabling healthy development of the autonomic nervous system until the child reaches adulthood.

scholarly journals Dynamic control of maximal ventricular elastance via the baroreflex and force-frequency relation in awake dogs before and after pacing-induced heart failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. H62-H69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Javier A. Sala-Mercado ◽  
Robert L. Hammond ◽  
Masashi Ichinose ◽  
Soroor Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
System Response ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Ventricular Elastance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Frequency Relation

We investigated to what extent maximal ventricular elastance ( Emax) is dynamically controlled by the arterial baroreflex and force-frequency relation in conscious dogs and to what extent these mechanisms are attenuated after the induction of heart failure (HF). We mathematically analyzed spontaneous beat-to-beat hemodynamic variability. First, we estimated Emax for each beat during a baseline period using the ventricular unstressed volume determined with the traditional multiple beat method during vena cava occlusion. We then jointly identified the transfer functions (system gain value and time delay per frequency) relating beat-to-beat fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) to Emax (ABP→ Emax) and beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate (HR) to Emax (HR→ Emax) to characterize the dynamic properties of the arterial baroreflex and force-frequency relation, respectively. During the control condition, the ABP→ Emax transfer function revealed that ABP perturbations caused opposite direction Emax changes with a gain value of −0.023 ± 0.012 ml−1, whereas the HR→ Emax transfer function indicated that HR alterations caused same direction Emax changes with a gain value of 0.013 ± 0.005 mmHg·ml−1·(beats/min)−1. Both transfer functions behaved as low-pass filters. However, the ABP→ Emax transfer function was more sluggish than the HR→ Emax transfer function with overall time constants (indicator of full system response time to a sudden input change) of 11.2 ± 2.8 and 1.7 ± 0.5 s ( P < 0.05), respectively. During the HF condition, the ABP→ Emax and HR→ Emax transfer functions were markedly depressed with gain values reduced to −0.0002 ± 0.007 ml−1 and −0.001 ± 0.004 mmHg·ml−1·(beats/min)−1 ( P < 0.1). Emax is rapidly and significantly controlled at rest, but this modulation is virtually abolished in HF.

scholarly journals The state of response of autonomic nervous system in children with mitral valve prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
І.О.  Mitiuriaeva-Korniyko ◽  
O.V. Kuleshov ◽  
Ya.A. Medrazhevska ◽  
L.O. Fik ◽  
T.D. Klets
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Significant Difference

The article presents summarized materials on connective tissue dysplasia of the heart, primary mitral valve prolapse, dysfunction of the autonomic system. Aim of research: to estimate the condition of autonomic nervous system in children with primary mitral valve prolapse. We examined 106 children with mitral valve prolapse aged from 13 to 17 years old on the clinical base of city hospital “Center of mother and child” in Vinnitsya. Research included time and frequency domain (evaluation with cardiointervalography. Final results were compared with the control group records. The results showed no statistical significance among time domain parameters in the main group of children. All these indices displayed tendency to sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system tonus increase in boys. However, sympathicotonia tendency was noted in girls only. Frequency domain parameters showed similar results, compared with the previous. Nevertheless, very low frequency parameters had statistically significant difference in both subgroups of patience with mitral valve prolapse, including males (3205.8±190.9 against 1717±154, р<0.05) and females (3280±220.1 against 1433±811, р<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference among other frequency domain parameters. Conclusions: we estimated that children with mitral valve prolapse have imbalanced autonomic homeostasis manifested by tone disturbances of both autonomic vegetative system branches with sympathetic predominance. Patients with primary mitral valve prolapse generally have increased sympathetic tone - both boys and girls - according to spectral analysis of heart rate variability indices, heart rate oscillation power of a very low frequency in particular (p<0.05). In children with mitral valve prolapse, the tone of parasympathetic nervous system is generally normal; there is a tendency to its increase in boys and decrease in girls. These children should be under close medical supervision by pediatricians and cardiologists.

The Autonomic Nervous System

Neuroanatomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Adam J Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
Hair Fiber ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

This chapter provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system and respective instructions for drawing its various components. These include the, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, lower urinary system, baroreceptor reflex, respiration, and digestive tract. The chapter discusses the various functions of elements of these systems, and it presents conditions and illnesses specifically related to disorders in elements of the autonomic nervous system, such as cardiac rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), respiratory failure, gut dysmotility, bladder dysmotility, and skin manifestations, such as hair fiber loss and sweating.

Dynamic modulation of cerebrovascular resistance as an index of autoregulation under tilt and controlled Pet CO2

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. R653-R662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Edwards ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Autoregulation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis ◽  
Frequency Changes

Transfer function analysis of the arterial blood pressure (BP)-mean flow velocity (MFV) relationship describes an aspect of cerebrovascular autoregulation. We hypothesized that the transfer function relating BP to cerebrovascular resistance (CVRi) would be sensitive to low-frequency changes in autoregulation induced by head-up tilt (HUT) and altered arterial Pco 2. Nine subjects were studied in supine and HUT positions with end-tidal Pco 2(Pet CO2 ) kept constant at normal levels: +5 and −5 mmHg. The BP-MFV relationship had low coherence at low frequencies, and there were significant effects of HUT on gain only at high frequencies and of Pco 2 on phase only at low frequencies. BP → CVRi had coherence >0.5 from very low to low frequencies. There was a significant reduction of gain with increased Pco 2 in the very low and low frequencies and with HUT at the low frequency. Phase was affected by Pco 2 in the very low frequencies. Transfer function analysis of BP → CVRi provides direct evidence of altered cerebrovascular autoregulation under HUT and higher levels of Pco 2.

Effect of Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability in Primary Dysmenorrheic Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsook Kim ◽  
Jung-Hoon Cho ◽  
Woo Sang Jung ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Real Acupuncture ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint among young women that is related to an autonomic nervous system (ANS) disturbance. Acupuncture is one of several therapeutic approaches for primary dysmenorrhea, since it can modulate ANS function. The heart rate variability (HRV) parameters such as high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) and LF/HF ratio are generally accepted tools to assess ANS activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture applied at Hegu (LI4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points on HRV of women with primary dysmenorrhea during the late luteal phase. The experimental design was a crossover and patient-blinded procedure. All subjects participated in Sham (SA) and Real Acupuncture (RA) procedure, separated by one month, in a crossover sequence. The participants included 38 women (mean age 22.3 years; weight 53.8 kg; height 162.6 cm). HRV measurement was 15 min before and 15 min after an acupuncture procedure. The RA procedure was performed at two bilateral acupoints, but needles were inserted subcutaneously to the acupuncture points for the SA procedure. The RA induced a significant decrease in LF/HF ratio and a significant increase in the HF power, while SA treatment caused a significant increase only in the HF power. Manual acupuncture at bilateral acupoints of LI4 and SP6 may play a role in dysmenorrhea treatment with autonomic nervous system involvement.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous System Function in Infants With Transposition of the Great Arteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tondi M. Harrison ◽  
Roger L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Risk Infants

The ability to maintain and respond to challenges to homeostasis is primarily a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In infants with complex congenital heart defects this ability may be impaired. This study described change in ANS function before and after surgical correction in infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and in healthy infants. A total of 15 newborn infants with TGA were matched with 16 healthy infants on age, gender, and feeding type. The ANS function was measured using heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected preoperatively in the 1st week of life and postoperatively before, during, and after feeding at 2 weeks and 2 months of age. Infants with TGA demonstrated significantly lower high-frequency and low-frequency HRV preoperatively ( p < .001) when compared with healthy infants. At 2 weeks, infants with TGA were less likely than healthy infants to demonstrate adaptive changes in high-frequency HRV during feeding (Wald Z = 2.002, p = .045), and at 2 months, 40% of TGA infants exhibited delayed postfeeding recovery. Further research is needed to more thoroughly describe mechanisms of a physiologically adaptive response to feeding and to develop nursing interventions supportive of these high-risk infants.

Role of angiotensin and vasopressin on blood pressure of ganglionic blocked dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. H115-H120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Houck ◽  
M. J. Fiksen-Olsen ◽  
S. L. Britton ◽  
J. C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vasopressin Antagonist ◽  
Ganglionic Blockade ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study was designed to investigate the possible role of angiotensin and vasopressin in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during acute blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Two groups of eight dogs each were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and autonomic ganglia were blocked with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later group 1 received the vasopressin antagonist 1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid),2-(O-methyl)tyrosine arginine vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg) followed after a 30-min interval by captopril (1 mg/kg). Group 2 received the same drugs, except the order of administration of vasopressin antagonist and captopril was reversed. Vasopressin antagonist during ganglionic blockade (group 2) produced a greater fall in blood pressure than did captopril during ganglionic blockade (group 1). These data indicate that vasopressin plays a greater pressor role than angiotensin in the acute response to ganglionic blockade. Additional studies were performed to determine if the autonomic nervous system alone can support the resting blood pressure in the anesthetized dog. Combined blockade of angiotensin and vasopressin without autonomic blockade produced a significant decrease in blood pressure, suggesting that the autonomic nervous system alone is not able to support the control blood pressure in the anesthetized dog.

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