Endothelial regulation of wall shear stress and blood flow in skeletal muscle microcirculation

In the presence of intact endothelium, in control conditions, calculated wall shear rate (WSR) (means +/- SE: 2,658 +/- 123 s-1; n = 21) was independent of arteriolar diameter (16.2-27.2 microns; correlation coefficient: r = 0.12, P greater than 0.05) in cremaster muscle of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. An increase in blood flow velocity (due to parallel arteriolar occlusion) elicited a significant increase in WSR (to 4,981 +/- 253 s-1) followed by a delayed (6-15 s) increase in diameter (from: 22.5 +/- 0.6 to 29.5 +/- 0.8 microns), which consequently resulted in a significant decrease in WSR (to 3,879 +/- 203 s-1). As a result of the increased flow velocity and dilation, calculated arteriolar blood flow increased by 230%. After impairment of the endothelium of arterioles by a light-dye technique, basal WSR became significantly higher (3,604 +/- 341 s-1), and despite a greater increase in WSR (10,360 +/- 1,471 s-1) the dilation was absent. Now an inverse linear correlation was found between arteriolar diameter and WSR both before (r = 0.58, P less than 0.05) and during increased flow velocity conditions (r = 0.85, P less than 0.05). Also, arteriolar blood flow that was already less after impairment of endothelium increased by only 66% during the period of increased flow velocity due to the absence of dilation. Results suggest that an increase in wall shear stress is the stimulus for the endothelium-dependent mechanism that elicits "flow dependent" arteriolar dilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Endothelium regulates skeletal muscle microcirculation by a blood flow velocity-sensing mechanism

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.3.h916 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (3) ◽

pp. H916-H920 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A. Koller ◽

G. Kaley

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Cremaster Muscle ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation ◽

Per Se ◽

Dependent Flow

In rat cremaster muscle, utilizing parallel arteriolar occlusion, we found that an increase in red blood cell (RBC) velocity (3.5-26.5 mm/s) per se induced an increase in diameter (1.5-9.4 microns) of arterioles (mean control diam 21.5 +/- 0.6 microns; n = 25). The dilation of arterioles appeared only when RBC velocity increased and started always with a delay (mean 8.4 +/- 0.5 s) after the increase in flow velocity. A positive linear correlation was found between peak changes in RBC velocity and diameter (r = 0.87, P less than 0.05). The velocity sensor as well as the mechanism(s) that mediates this response is likely to be located in endothelial cells, because the dilation to increased RBC velocity was completely eliminated after impairment of arteriolar endothelium with light-dye (L-D) treatment. The in vivo demonstration of this phenomenon in arterioles suggests the existence of a new endothelium-dependent, flow velocity-sensitive mechanism for the regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation.

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Increased Inlet Blood Flow Velocity Predicts Low Wall Shear Stress in the Cephalic Arch of Patients with Brachiocephalic Fistula Access

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0152873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e0152873 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mary Hammes ◽

Michael Boghosian ◽

Kevin Cassel ◽

Sydeaka Watson ◽

Brian Funaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Wall Shear ◽

Brachiocephalic Fistula

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Reproducibility and interobserver variability of systolic blood flow velocity and 3D wall shear stress derived from 4D flow MRI in the healthy aorta

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.24959 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 236-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Pim van Ooij ◽

Alexander L. Powell ◽

Wouter V. Potters ◽

James C. Carr ◽

Michael Markl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Interobserver Variability ◽

4D Flow Mri ◽

4D Flow ◽

Flow Mri ◽

Wall Shear

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Basic study on estimation method of wall shear stress in common carotid artery using blood flow imaging

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.35848/1347-4065/ab87f2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (SK) ◽

pp. SKKE16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryo Nagaoka ◽

Kazuma Ishikawa ◽

Michiya Mozumi ◽

Magnus Cinthio ◽

Hideyuki Hasegawa

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Flow Imaging ◽

Basic Study ◽

Blood Flow Imaging ◽

Wall Shear

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Runge-Kutta method for wall shear stress of blood flow in stenosed artery

10.1063/1.4882494 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Izyan Syazana Awaludin ◽

Rokiah@Rozita Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Kutta Method ◽

Runge Kutta Method ◽

Stenosed Artery ◽

Runge Kutta ◽

Wall Shear

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Mathematical analysis of two-phase blood flow through a stenosed curved artery with hematocrit and temperature dependent viscosity

Physica Scripta ◽

10.1088/1402-4896/ac454a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandan Kumawat ◽

Bhupendra Kumar Sharma ◽

Khalid Saad Mekheimer

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Mathematical Study ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Two Phase ◽

Temperature Dependent Viscosity ◽

Linear Temperature ◽

Wall Shear ◽

Dependent Viscosity

Abstract A two-phase blood flow model is considered to analyze the fluid flow and heat transfer in a curved tube with time-variant stenosis. In both core and plasma regions, the variable viscosity model ( Hematocrit and non linear temperature-dependent, respectively) is considered. A toroidal coordinate system is considered to describe the governing equations. The perturbation technique in terms of perturbation parameter ε is used to obtain the temperature profile of blood flow. In order to find the velocity, wall shear stress and impedance profiles, a second-order finite difference method is employed with the accuracy of 10−6 in the each iteration. Under the conditions of fully-developed flow and mild stenosis, the significance of various physical parameters on the blood velocity, temperature, wall shear stress (WSS) and impedance are investigated with the help of graphs. A validation of our results has been presented and comparison has been made with the previously published work and present study, and it revels the good agreement with published work. The present mathematical study suggested that arterial curvature increase the fear of deposition of plaque (atherosclerosis), while, the use of thermal radiation in heat therapies lowers this risk. The positive add in the value of λ1 causes to increase in plasma viscosity; as a result, blood flow velocity in the stenosed artery decreases due to the assumption of temperature-dependent viscosity of the plasma region. Clinical researchers and biologists can adopt the present mathematical study to lower the risk of lipid deposition, predict cardiovascular disease risk and current state of disease by understanding the symptomatic spectrum, and then diagnose patients based on the risk.

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Experimental study of laminar blood flow through an artery treated by a stent implantation: characterisation of intra-stent wall shear stress

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00068-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 991-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Nicolas Benard ◽

Damien Coisne ◽

Erwan Donal ◽

Robert Perrault

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Stent Implantation ◽

Flow Through ◽

Wall Shear

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Numerical Simulation of Dispersed Particle-Blood Flow in the Stenosed Coronary Arteries

International Journal of Differential Equations ◽

10.1155/2018/2593425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mongkol Kaewbumrung ◽

Somsak Orankitjaroen ◽

Pichit Boonkrong ◽

Buraskorn Nuntadilok ◽

Benchawan Wiwatanapataphee

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Stokes Equations ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Wall Shear

A mathematical model of dispersed bioparticle-blood flow through the stenosed coronary artery under the pulsatile boundary conditions is proposed. Blood is assumed to be an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and its flow is considered as turbulence described by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Bioparticles are assumed to be spherical shape with the same density as blood, and their translation and rotational motions are governed by Newtonian equations. Impact of particle movement on the blood velocity, the pressure distribution, and the wall shear stress distribution in three different severity degrees of stenosis including 25%, 50%, and 75% are investigated through the numerical simulation using ANSYS 18.2. Increasing degree of stenosis severity results in higher values of the pressure drop and wall shear stresses. The higher level of bioparticle motion directly varies with the pressure drop and wall shear stress. The area of coronary artery with higher density of bioparticles also presents the higher wall shear stress.

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