Influence of hematocrit on tissue O2 extraction capabilities during acute hemorrhage

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H1942-H1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van der Linden ◽  
E. Gilbart ◽  
P. Paques ◽  
C. Simon ◽  
J. L. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
O2 Extraction ◽  
Normovolemic Hemodilution ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
O2 Delivery ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels ◽  
Group 1

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that tissue O2 extraction capabilities during hemorrhage may be greater when hematocrit (Hct) is initially reduced. Twenty-four anesthetized and splenectomized dogs were randomly assigned in three groups of eight dogs each: group 1 (Hct 40), 40–45% Hct; group 2 (Hct 30), 30–35% Hct; and group 3 (Hct 20), 20–25% Hct. In each animal, the desired Hct was obtained by normovolemic hemodilution using hydroxyethyl starch 450/0.7 and maintained throughout the experiment. O2 delivery (DO2) was progressively reduced by hemorrhage. At each step, DO2 and O2 consumption (VO2) were measured separately. Critical DO2 obtained from a plot of VO2 vs. DO2 was lower in the Hct 30 and Hct 20 groups than in the Hct 40 group [(in ml.min-1.kg-1) Hct 30, 7.9 +/- 2.2; Hct 20, 7.8 +/- 1.0; Hct 40, 10.4 +/- 1.1; P < 0.05]. Critical DO2 obtained from blood lactate levels was also significantly lower in the Hct 30 and Hct20 groups than in the Hct 40 group. Critical O2 extraction ratio was also greater in the Hct 30 and Hct 20 groups than in the Hct 40 group (Hct 30, 73.0 +/- 13.9%; Hct 20, 70.1 +/- 9.6%; Hct 40, 57.1 +/- 11.5%; P < 0.05). In the conditions of our study, moderate hemodilution was associated with an improvement of the O2 extraction capabilities of the body, probably related to the reduction in blood viscosity.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

Abstract WP380: Thyrotoxicosis is Associated With Worse In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiru O Isa ◽  
Olajide Buhari ◽  
Hameem Changezi
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism increases the basal metabolic rate and affects most systems in the body. Patients with hyperthyroidism have been shown to have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke. There is a paucity of information regarding its effects on the short-term outcomes of patients admitted with ischemic stroke. Hypothesis: Hyperthyroidism is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes in patients admitted for ischemic stroke. Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Sample to identify adult patients(aged 18 and above) admitted for ischemic stroke between January 2011 and December 2014. We compared those with a history of hyperthyroidism (group 1) and thyrotoxicosis on admission (group 2) with the rest of the patients (group 3). The main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization. We used the logistic regression model and adjusted for baseline characteristics and co-morbidities. Results: There were 643,786 patients in the study, 0.44% had a history of hyperthyroidism, and 0.01% had thyrotoxicosis at the time of presentation. The odd of mortality in group 1 compared to group 3 was 0.89, 95% CI 0.75-1.05, p=0.16 while in group 2 compared to group 3, it was 2.42, 95% CI 1.29-4.52, p<0.006. The mean length of stay was also longer in group 2 with a mean difference of 8.06, 95% CI 4.74 - 11.39, p<0.0001. Conclusion: From the study, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between patients with previously diagnosed hyperthyroidism and those without diagnosed hyperthyroidism. Patients who had thyrotoxicosis on admission, on the other hand, had worse outcomes compared to patients without thyrotoxicosis.

scholarly journals To study the effectiveness of cord blood Albumin as a predictor of neonatal jaundice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Nithu A. George ◽  
Shyam Sudhir M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Blood Albumin ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the commonest problems in newborn. It can be due to different etiologies. Most often it is physiological jaundice. The main reasons for physiological jaundice is that in an infant the liver is not mature enough to handle the freely circulating bilirubin due to higher volume of short life erythrocytes in the circulation and low level of albumin. Early detection of neonatal jaundice is essential to prevent developing kernicterus as well as discharge the babies early. Albumin is synthesized by liver and helps in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin by binding to bilirubin it and thus making it nontoxic to the body. Low levels of albumin make bilirubin free and toxic to the body. Hence, this study was done to evaluate effectiveness of cord blood albumin as a predictor of neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: 50 term healthy newborns were included in the study with the term babies of both genders from any mode of delivery, birth weight >2.5 kg, APGAR score more than 7 at 1st and 5th minutes of life and without Rh incapability. Cord blood albumin levels were measured. Blood test for bilirubin was done when required and baby was managed accordingly.Results: Out of the total 50 neonates enrolled, 7 belonged to group 1 (albumin <2.8 g/dl), 34 to group 2 (2.8-3.3 g/dl), and 9 to group 3 (>3.3 g/dl). Out of the total 7 neonates in group 1, 6 (85.71%) was icteric at 24-48 hours and 1 (14.29%) was icteric at >72 hours. All the 7 neonates developed Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. 3 (42.86%) out the 7-neonate required phototherapy for more than 24 hours. Out of the total 34 neonates in group 2, 20 (58.82%) was icteric at >72 hours, 12 (35.29%) at 48-72 hours and 2 (5.88%) at 24-48 hours. Only 12 (35.29%) neonates had Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Out of the total 9 neonates in group 3, 1 was icteric at 48 - 72 hours and 8 was icteric at >72 hours. But only 2 had Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy.Conclusions: Cord blood albumin is an effective way to predict neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in term healthy infants.

scholarly journals Silent Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage and the Recognition of “Unruptured” Arteriovenous Malformation Patients Who Benefit From Surgical Intervention

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib A. Abla ◽  
Jeffrey Nelson ◽  
Helen Kim ◽  
Christopher P. Hess ◽  
Tarik Tihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Acute Bleeding ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bleeding History ◽  
Group 1

Abstract BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients present in 4 ways relative to hemorrhage: (1) unruptured, without a history or radiographic evidence of old hemorrhage (EOOH); (2) silent hemorrhage, without a bleeding history but with EOOH; (3) ruptured, with acute bleeding but without EOOH; and (4) reruptured, with acute bleeding and EOOH. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that characteristics and outcomes in the unrecognized group of silent hemorrhage patients may differ from those of unruptured patients. METHODS: Two hundred forty-two patients operated-on since 1997 were categorized by hemorrhage status and hemosiderin positivity in this cohort study: unruptured (group 1), silent hemorrhage (group 2), and ruptured/reruptured (group 3/4). Group 3/4 was combined because hemosiderin cannot distinguish acute hemorrhage from older silent hemorrhage. RESULTS: Hemosiderin was found in 45% of specimens. Seventy-five patients (31.0%) had unruptured AVMs, 30 (12.4%) had silent hemorrhage, and 137 (56.6%) had ruptured/reruptured AVMs. Deep drainage, posterior fossa location, preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, outcome, and macrophage score were different across groups. Only the macrophage score was different between the groups without clinical hemorrhage. Outcomes were better in silent hemorrhage patients than in those with frank rupture (mean mRS scores of 1.2 and 1.7, respectively). CONCLUSION: One-third of patients present with silent AVM hemorrhage. No clinical or anatomic features differentiate these patients from unruptured patients, except the presence of hemosiderin and macrophages. Silent hemorrhage can be diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging with iron-sensitive imaging. Silent hemorrhage portends an aggressive natural history, and surgery halts progression to rerupture. Good final mRS outcomes and better outcomes than in those with frank rupture support surgery for silent hemorrhage patients, despite the findings of ARUBA.

The importance of laboratory tests and Body Mass Index in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Atakan Ozkan ◽  
Aylin Hande Gokce ◽  
Feridun Suat Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b>Background:</b> Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. Delay in diagnosis increases the mortality and morbidity. <br><b>Aim: </b>In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the body mass index is useful in diagnosis and whether the neutrophil /lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios can help in determining the inflammation level of acute appendicitis. <br><b>Meterial and Methods:</b> Cases of appendectomy performed between June 2012 and December 2018 in our clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the pathology results of the cases included in the study, 4 groups were formed, i.e.: Group 1 (initial stage), Group 2 (catarrhal stage), Group 3 (phlegmonous-gangrenous stage) and Group 4 (perforation). The study compared age, body mass index, leukocyte values, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet /lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) between groups. <br><b> Results:</b> 828 cases were included in the study. When compared between groups, the values of Group 3 and Group 4 were higher than those of Group 1 and Group 2 for PLR and NLR. There was no difference in RDW and MPV values in the blood. When Body Mass Index (BMI) was compared between groups, it was found to be significantly higher with increasing histopathological stage. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> In acute appendicitis, the blood leukocyte value, elevated PLR and NLR are helpful in diagnosis. We aimed to emphasize that the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is delayed in patients with a BMI above 30 and/or at age of over 40 years, with the perforation rate being determined more frequently.

scholarly journals Glucose autoregulation is the dominant component of the hormone-independent counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in the conscious dog

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. E273-E283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Gregory ◽  
Noelia Rivera ◽  
Guillaume Kraft ◽  
Jason J. Winnick ◽  
Ben Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The contribution of hormone-independent counterregulatory signals in defense of insulin-induced hypoglycemia was determined in adrenalectomized, overnight-fasted conscious dogs receiving hepatic portal vein insulin infusions at a rate 20-fold basal. Either euglycemia was maintained ( group 1) or hypoglycemia (≈45 mg/dl) was allowed to occur. There were three hypoglycemic groups: one in which hepatic autoregulation against hypoglycemia occurred in the absence of sympathetic nervous system input ( group 2), one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3), and one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of NE signaling to fat, muscle, and liver ( group 4). Average net hepatic glucose balance (NHGB) during the last hour for groups 1–4 was −0.7 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.01 vs. group 1), 0.7 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.01 vs. group 2), and 0.8 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.7 vs. group 3) mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Hypoglycemia per se ( group 2) increased NHGB by causing an inhibition of net hepatic glycogen synthesis. NE signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3) increased NHGB further by mobilizing gluconeogenic precursors resulting in a rise in gluconeogenesis. Lowering glucose per se decreased nonhepatic glucose uptake by 8.9 mg·kg−1·min−1, and the addition of increased neural efferent signaling to muscle and fat blocked glucose uptake further by 3.2 mg·kg−1·min−1. The addition of increased neural efferent input to liver did not affect NHGB or nonhepatic glucose uptake significantly. In conclusion, even in the absence of increases in counterregulatory hormones, the body can defend itself against hypoglycemia using glucose autoregulation and increased neural efferent signaling, both of which stimulate hepatic glucose production and limit glucose utilization.

scholarly journals Closure of large wounds using rubber bands in rabbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Baron Magalhães ◽  
Andy Petroianu ◽  
Silmar Grey de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Vivian Resende ◽  
Luiz Ronaldo Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Graft ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: to verify the effectiveness of the rubber elastic band in the treatment of large wounds of the body wall of rabbits by means of traction of its edges. METHODS: we studied 30 New Zealand rabbits, divided into three groups (n=10): Group 1- healing by secondary intention; Group 2- removal and eutopic repositioning of skin as full thickness skin graft; Group 3- Approximation of wound edges with elastic rubber band. In all animals, we removed a segment of the back skin and subcutaneous tissue down to the fascia, in accordance with an acrylic mold of 8cm long by 12cm wide. All animals were observed for 21 days. RESULTS: two animals of groups 1 and 2 had wound abscess. In Group 2, there was partial or total graft loss in 90% of animals. The complete closure of the wounds was observed in four animals of Group 1, six of Group 2 and eight of Group 3. There was no difference between the scar resistance values of groups 2 and 3, which were higher than those in Group 1. The scars of the three groups were characterized by the presence of mature connective tissue mixed with blood vessels and inflammatory infiltration, predominantly polymorphonuclear. CONCLUSION: the tensile strength of the wound edges with rubber elastic band is as efficient as the skin graft to treat rabbits' large body wounds.

scholarly journals Prognostic markers of canine pyometra

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Sant'Anna ◽  
L.G.P. Giordano ◽  
K.K.M.C. Flaiban ◽  
E.E. Muller ◽  
M.I.M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Clinical Worsening ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels ◽  
Group 1

The pyometra is a disease that affects middle age and elderly female dogs during diestrus. Hormonal, microbiological, biochemical and hematological aspects are well described. However, few studies have evaluated the role of each in the prognosis of canine pyometra. The aim of this study was to identify markers associated with clinical worsening of dogs with pyometra. We prospectively evaluated 80 dogs with pyometra treated surgically. Group 1 consisted of dogs that were discharged within 48 hours after surgery and Group 2 consisted of those who required prolonged hospitalization or died. The findings of hematological, biochemical and blood lactate levels were compared between groups and variables such as bacterial multidrug resistance, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hyperlactatemia and increased creatinine were analyzed through the dispersion of frequencies between groups. Among the variables studied, the presence of SIRS and elevated serum creatinine >2.5mg/mL were effective in predicting the worsening of the disease and can be used as prognostic markers of canine pyometra.

P–110 Does the Body Mass Index affect sperm quality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Badalotti-Teloken ◽  
C Teloken ◽  
V Dornelles ◽  
A Arent ◽  
A Petracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Study question Does the body mass index (BMI) have an impact on semen analysis results? Summary answer The increase in BMI has a negative impact on sperm motility. What is known already Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition worldwide and can affect male fertility in various ways. It is known that obesity can cause testicular inflammation, higher testicular temperature, hypogonadism, sperm DNA fragmentation, and erectile dysfunction. However, there are still conflicting data regarding the correlation between BMI and semen parameters in the seminal analysis. Study design, size, duration Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from 1147 patients seen at a private infertility clinic between 2010 and 2020. The data were collected from electronic records in a prospective database. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were divided according to BMI (healthy weight, overweight, obesity classes I, II, III), and their seminal profiles were compared, according to 2010’s World Health Organization’s parameters. Cancer, cryptorchidism, viral orchitis, altered karyotype, Y chromosome microdeletions, vasectomy reversion, and testosterone use were excluding factors. Student t-tests and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were adjusted for age, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, medication intake, physical activity, comorbidities, and scrotum heat factors. Main results and the role of chance From a total of 1384 patients, 219 were excluded. The BMI varied between 18,9 and 50,8 kg/m². From the 1147 patients, 297 had BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (healthy weight, group 1), 611 had BMI 25–29.9 kg/m² (overweight, group 2), 179 had BMI 30–34.5 kg/m² (obese, group 3), 60 had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (extremely obese, group 4). The mean age for groups 1 through 4 was 37.6, 38.5, 38.2, and 36.5 years old. The comparison of the groups’ seminal parameters shows a significant decrease in progressive and total motility in patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m².The progressive motility was 43.8% in group 1, 44.1% in group 2, 42.4% in group 3, and 35.2% in group 4 (p = 0.07) and the total motility was 54.4%, 54.1%, 53.6%, and 45.9%, respectively (p = 0.012). The complementary analysis determined BMI 29 kg/m² as the cutoff for negative impact on progressive motility (p = 0.044) and 31 kg/m² on total motility (p = 0.036). The results were still significant after age, use of cannabis, and hypertension adjustments – the other possible interfering factors were not significant. Limitations, reasons for caution Besides the fact that this was a retrospective study, it also has a smaller sample size of patients with extreme obesity. This is probably related to the fact that the patients seeking reproductive treatment in a private clinic have a greater purchasing power and lower prevalence of obesity. Wider implications of the findings: In this study, sperm quality is negatively affected by BMI, with impairment since 29 kg/m² for progressive and 31 kg/m² for total motility. Our data support the potential deleterious role of obesity on semen parameters, reinforcing the importance of weight control in infertility prevention. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SUCCINATE-CONTAINING DRUG ON THE LEUKOCYTE COMPOSITION OF RAT BLOOD UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOXIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
L.Yu. Karpenko ◽  
◽  
F.I. Alistratova ◽  
A.I. Enukashvili ◽  
A.A. Bakhta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Intact Rats

The study of the dynamics of white blood cells in male rats under the conditions of normoxia and in the simulation of hypoxia before and after the use of the succinate-containing drug Cytoflavin ®was carried out. The animals were divided into three groups: two control groups of animals: group 1 – intact rats kept in standard vivarium conditions, and group 2, which were subjected to hourly hypoxic exposure, and group 3 - experimental animals subjected to daily training in a hypoxicator (O2-14%) and received the drug immediately before training. The multidirectional shifts characterizing the morphofunctional state of the white blood of rats under experimental conditions were determined. In group 2 animals, compared to group 3, there was a decrease in the number of white blood cells due to an increase in the pool of granulocyte cells, and an unchanged level of agranlocytes with a tendency to reduce the number of lymphocytes. In-group 2, compared with group 3, the change in the number of white blood cells and their subpopulation composition significantly differed from the control group 1, intact rats, and there was a decrease in the number of phagocytic mononuclears and an increase in granulocyte cells. The differences in the cellular composition of blood in group 2 animals from the data of group 3 are considered as the effect of the succinate-containing drug Cytoflavin ® on the preparation of the body for the implementation of the protective function under the influence of extreme factors and the stress of the body's resistance to load, since the nature of the redistribution of the leukocyte composition of blood in group 2 has a significant similarity in indicators with animals in group 3. The practical significance of the research is related to the search for new biologically active substances that optimally affect the ability of the animal body to adapt to conditions of low oxygen content. New data on the mechanism of redistribution of animal blood, which is realized under the action of the succinate-containing drug Cytoflavin ® in conditions of oxygen deficiency, can be used to study the regularities of the manifestation of an urgent adaptive effect.

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