THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORK FISH (Channa Striatus) AND EGG WHITE SNACK TO IMPROVE BLOOD ALBUMIN LEVEL AND BODY WEIGHT IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Background: The tuberculosis morbidity rate in Bekasi area based on data from the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health has reached 101 people per 100,000 population in 2012. Indonesia’s Ministry of Health showed that tuberculosis patients have less economic status poor nutritional status. Patients with tuberculosis need foods that contain lots of protein and albumin such as cork fish and chicken egg white without yolk to speed up the repair of cells and tissues damaged by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis by giving cork fish and egg white snacks. Methods: Analysis of the data used was a paired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of the treatment group before and after giving snacks and an unpaired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of tuberculosis patients between the treatment and the control group. Results: The study showed the most characteristics of tuberculosis patients ismale, age range 26-30 years, elementary-junior high school education level, labor work, income <Rp. 1,500,000,00, and the number of dependents of families consist of 4-6 people. Data analysis of blood albumin levels in the control group was significantly different from the treatment group before and after with a value of P = 0.002 which means that there was an increase in blood albumin levels and in the results of weight gain the control group was significantly different from the treatment groups before and after with a value of P = 0.004 means there is a significant increase in body weight for 15 days after being given snack. Conclusion: There was an increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis after treatment for 15 days.

Study on the Effect of Bilateral Mandible Distraction Osteogenesis About the Nutrition Status of Infants With Pierre-Robin Sequence

Objective: By comparing and studying the changes of food intake, weight, body length, BMI, blood albumin level and other indicators of infants with Pierre-Robin Sequence (PRS) before and after Bilateral Mandible Distraction Osteogenesis operation, to explore the effect of distraction osteogenesis on PRS patients about the improvement of nutrition status.Methods: The children with PRS who admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from July 2015 to December 2020 were selected. All patients accepted bilateral mandible distraction osteogenesis surgery, and the pre- and post-operative indicators were recorded, such as food intake, weight, length, blood albumin level and others. BMI was calculated based on the indicators mentioned above, and comparative statistical analysis was performed.Results: 1. All patients were fed with whole milk before the first surgery, and the average calorie per kg was 91.8 kcal/kg, significantly lower than the standard (100–150 kcal/kg), suggesting the overall nutritional intake of PRS patients is low; 2. t tests for independent samples were used to analyze the pre-operative and post-operative indicators. The WFA percentile increased from 14.16 ± 2.17 to 15.01 ± 1.85% (P = 0.0048), WFA z score increased from −2.40 ± 0.18 to −1.90 ± 0.14 after the surgery (P = 0.0010), LFA percentile increased from 20.04 ± 3.48 to 33.67 ± 4.29% (P = 0.0098), LFA z score increased from −2.09 ± 0.19 to −1.42 ± 0.23 (P = 0.0009), BMI z score increased from −1.95 ± 0.22 to −1.39 ± 0.16 (P = 0.0408), ALB raised from 37.06 ± 0.51 to 42.85 ± 0.30 g/L (P &lt; 0.001), which indicating that the physique of patients improved after the distraction osteogenesis surgery, mainly was reflected by the lifting of weight and length growth curves; the body shape also improved, indicating that the patients' nutrition status after the surgery is also improved.Conclusion: Bilateral mandible distraction osteogenesis surgery has a positive effect on the nutrition status of children with PRS. This effect is mainly reflected by the improvements of the body physical indicators after surgery.

To study the correlation between various levels of cord blood albumin & serum bilirubin at 48 hrs of age in term healthy newborns

Introduction: Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common abnormal physical finding and themajor cause of neonatal morbidity during the early neonatal period. Early identification of infants atrisk might help in providing preventative therapy and follow-up. We aimed to assess whether arterialumbilical cord albumin level at birth predicts the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in termnewborns at 48 hrs of life. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted ina tertiary care hospital over 1 year in 200 term healthy neonates. Cord blood albumin was estimatedat birth followed by serum bilirubin level on the 3rd postnatal day(48 hrs of age). Results: Total of200 neonates were divided into three groups based on cord blood albumin level of <2.8 g/dl(groupI), 2.8-3.4 g/dl(group II) and >3.4 g/dl(groupIII) with 32, 100 and 68 in three respective groups.19 newborns (59.4%) in group I,14 in group II, and 7 newborns (10.3%) in group III developedserum bilirubin levels above an intermediate high-risk zone in Bhutani nomogram at 48 hrs of age.newborn with low cord albumin (<2.8g/dl) were significantly associated with higher bilirubin levelsat 48 hrs of age. Conclusion: Neonates with cord blood albumin <2.8 gm/dl had a significantassociation of the development of hyperbilirubinemia at or above intermediate high-risk zoneaccording to Bhutani nomogram at 48 hrs of life.

Case Report: Efficacy of Ninjin'yoeito Treatment for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Ninjin'yoeito, a Kampo prescription, was administered to two patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) over a period of 12 weeks to improve loss of appetite and lassitude. In Case 1, improvements were observed in appetite, lassitude, and breathlessness, as well as increases or increasing tendencies in body weight, blood albumin level, and hemoglobin (Hb) level. Case 2 showed no changes in appetite but improvements in lassitude and no deterioration of breathlessness. His body weight and his blood albumin and Hb levels increased or showed increasing trends. In both cases, a trend for improvement of respiratory function was observed. In summary, ninjin'yoeito trended to improve the subjective symptoms and nutritional status of a patient with pulmonary fibrosis.

The Pre-clinical Test’s Results of the Efficiency of the Radiopharmaceutical Preperation "DTPA-Microspheres of Albumin, 90Y"

Purpose: Development of technology for producing a radiopharmaceutical based on 90Y labeled modified human blood albumin microspheres, and the study of the functional suitability of this drug in experimental animals. Material and methods: The research team studied the following characteristics of the drug: the distribution and excretion of the drug after its intra-arterial administration; the mechanism of action of the drug in animals with model pathology; therapeutic efficacy of the drug in animals with a liver tumor model. The following physicochemical characteristics of the developed radiopharmaceutical were announced: modified with DTPA and labeled 90Y human blood albumin microspheres, particle size 25-40 microns, radiochemical impurities less than 5.0%, 90Sr radionuclide impurities less than 0.002%, the amount of chemical impurities (Na, Al, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) not more than 10 μg / GBq, volumetric activity up to 150 mCi / ml at the date of preparation. Sprague Dawley female rats were taken as experimental animals (body weight 220-260 g). Studies were conducted on a model pathology - hepatocellular carcinoma, which occurs in 85% of all malignant tumors of the human liver. Results: in 2018-2019, nine pilot batches of the radiopharmaceutical product satisfying the declared characteristics were developed. Stable inhibition of the growth of tumor lesions by 7.62% was noted. The quality of life in animals with orthotopic tumor foci of hepatocarcinoma treated was better than in animals not treated. Life expectancy in the group of animals treated with the drug was higher than in the group of animals that did not receive treatment by 7.1%. The distribution of the drug was characterized by pulmonary bypass, not exceeding 9% of the injected activity and minimal forwarding into the circulating blood. The radiopharmaceutical was firmly held at the injection site and remained almost unchanged throughout the study. Binding to the tumor site of the drug was characterized by retention of at least 78% of the introduced activity. Conclusion: Conducted preclinical studies of the pharmacokinetics of the drug show its potential suitability for the treatment of liver cancer by radionuclide embolization. According to the results of preclinical studies of the therapeutic effectiveness of the radiopharmaceutical, it should be considered effective for use.

The Effect Of Suplementation Chlorella vulgaris on Feed to Albumin Levels In Serum Nilem Fish (Osteochilus vittatus)

Nilem fish belongs to freshwater fish commodity that has been widely cultivation. Some factors influencing fish cultivation are good quality of feed, quantity, size, and shape. Quality feed works as a primary energy source as well as improves the digestive system of fish, with the expectation that the fish growth and health are optimal. Information concerning health status in cultivation Nilem has been used as a reference for improving cultivation methods and controlling disease attacks. The population and production of fish cultivation is experiencing serious problems due to infection from various types of pathogens. Therefore, a viable alternative is needed to prevent and overcome diseases by utilizing immunostimulant substances derived from synthetic substances that can increase the activity of non-specific immune defenses and stimulate antibiotic-forming organs in fish body. Immunostimulant is a substance that is capable of increasing the mechanism of non-specific immune response of fish one of them is by adding Chlorella vulgaris extract to the feed. This research objective is to determine the influence of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on total blood albumin in nilem fish. This research was conducted by sampling method consisting of 5 treatments with further 4 replications. The treatments were feed supplementation of 0 g.kg-1, 2 g.kg-1, 3 g.kg-1, 4 g.kg-1, and 6 g.kg-1. Independent and dependent variables were used in this research; the independent variable was the dose of Chlorella vulgaris in the feed and the dependent variable was blood albumin concentration. The measuring of plasma albumin concentration was done using the Dyasis kit method with a spectrophotometer. The obtained data were then analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 95% confidence level if there is a real difference then followed by Tukey's test at the same confidence level. The results showed that the average value of serum albumin concentration of nilem fish from all treatments was between 4.2761 – 7.1826 g/dL. The normal albumin concentration was found in the treatment 4 g.kg-1 Chlorella vulgaris supplementation which was 4.77 g/dL. Meanwhile, the highest concentration was found from the supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris at 3 g.kg-1 feed which was 6.677 g/dL.

Sex difference in cerebrospinal fluid/blood albumin quotients in patients with schizophreniform and affective psychosis

Background The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics for psychiatry is growing. The CSF/blood albumin quotient (QAlb) is considered to be a measure of the blood–CSF barrier function. Recently, systematically higher QAlb in males than in females was described in neurological patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a sex difference could also be detected in a well-characterized psychiatric cohort. Methods The patient cohort comprised 989 patients, including 545 females and 444 males with schizophreniform and affective syndromes who underwent CSF diagnostics, including QAlb measurement. The basic CSF findings and antineuronal autoantibody data of this cohort have already been published. This re-analysis employed analysis of covariance with age correction for QAlb mean values and chi2-testing for the number of increased age-corrected QAlb levels to investigate sex differences in QAlb. Results The QAlb levels were elevated above reference levels by 18% across all patients, and a comparison between male and female patients revealed a statistically significant sex difference, with increased values in 26% of male patients and a corresponding rate of only 10% in female patients (chi2 = 42.625, p < 0.001). The mean QAlb values were also significantly higher in males (6.52 ± 3.69 × 10–3) than in females (5.23 ± 2.56 × 10–3; F = 52.837, p < 0.001). Discussion The main finding of this study was a significantly higher QAlb level in male compared to female patients with psychiatric disorders, complementing previously described sex differences in neurological patient cohorts. This result indicates bias from some general factors associated with sex and could be partly explained by sex differences in body height, which is associated with spine length and thus a longer distance for CSF flow within the subarachnoid space down the spine from the occipital area to the lumbar puncture site in males compared to females. Hormonal influences caused by different estrogen levels and other sex-specific factors could also play a relevant role. The significance of the study is limited by its retrospective design, absence of a healthy control group, and unavailability of exact measures of spine length.

Cord Blood Bilirubin, Albumin and Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio versus Hydrogen Peroxide as Early Predictors of Significant Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Aims: To evaluate significance of cord blood bilirubin, albumin, bilirubin /albumin ratio and hydrogen peroxide as early predictors of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Place and Duration of Study: Egypt, Tanta University Hospital (at delivery room and follow up was done in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) over one year from April 2019 to April 2020. Methodology: We included 80 neonates allocated into two groups (40 each), Group I included neonates with gestational age between 30 to less than 35 weeks, Group II neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks. They were subjected to history taking, clinical assessment and lab investigations (cord blood albumin, bilirubin, hydrogen peroxide level and blood bilirubin/albumin ratio, 3rd day total and direct serum bilirubin level and others). Follow up done for developing jaundice on 3rd day. Results: There was statistically significant increase in the incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia in group I (82.5%) in comparison with group II (27.5%) (P-value <0.001). There was positive significant correlation between cord blood bilirubin (P<0.001), bilirubin/albumin ratio (P <0.001) and hydrogen peroxide (P=0.012 in GI) (P = 0.001 in GII) and 3rd day TSB levels in the studied groups. There was negative significant correlation between cord blood albumin and 3rd day TSB levels in the studied groups (P < 0.001). There was positive significant correlation between cord blood bilirubin (P <0.001 in GI) (P =0.024 in GII), bilirubin/ albumin ratio (P <0.001 in GI) (P =0.002 in GII) and hydrogen peroxide (P <0.001) and the duration of phototherapy in the studied groups. There was negative significant correlation between cord blood albumin and the duration of phototherapy in group I (P =0.001), while there was no significant correlation between cord blood albumin and the duration of phototherapy in group II (P = 0.118). Conclusion: When comparing the four cord predictors for significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia; bilirubin/albumin ratio was the most accurate predictor with higher sensitivity and specificity, followed by cord blood bilirubin, then albumin, while hydrogen peroxide was the least accurate in all neonates ≥ 30 weeks.