Differences in Thyroid Activity of Several Strains of Mice and F1 Hybrids

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amin ◽  
C. K. Chai ◽  
E. P. Reineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rates

Thyroid secretion rate was determined in four strains of inbred mice and two groups of F1 hybrids. In all genotypes the thyroid secretion rate was consistently but not significantly greater in males than in females. The average thyroid secretion rates, expressed as micrograms l-thyroxine/ 100 gm body weight with the standard errors for the males and females, were: A/Jax 2.13 ± 0.12 and 1.84 ± 0.10; BALB/c 2.44 ± 0.21 and 1.84 ± 0.12; C57BR/cd 3.35 ± 0.34 and 2.45 ± 0.11; C57BL/6 4.19 ± 0.64 µg. and 3.33 ± 0.34. The secretion rate for hybrids CAF1 and BBF1 males and females, respectively, were: 2.34 ± 0.185 and 1.84 ± 0.106; 3.79 ± 0.644 and 2.74 ± 0.268 µg/100 gm. C57BL strain and BBF1 hybrid had significantly higher secretion rates than all other groups. The results are consistent with the output rate values reported earlier by the same authors, and clearly indicate that thyroid activity is under genetic control.

Thyroid secretion rates in grazing British and Zebu cross bred steers: Seasonal effects and relationships with growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
TB Post
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rates

Marked monthly fluctuations in thyroid secretion rates and component parameters in 16 Hereford x Shorthorn, Africander x Hereford, and Brahman x Hereford steers did not follow seasonal changes in ambient temperature or day length in subtropical Queensland, but were more consistently related to changes in pasture quality. Secretion rates when the pasture was at its best were more than double those recorded when the pasture was poorest. British steers as compared with Zebu crossbreds were similar in thyroxine turnover rate, lower (P < 0.01) in thyroid secretion rate, plasma protein-bound iodine (P.B.I.), and extrathyroidal thyroxine, and higher (P < 0.01) in thyroxine volume of distribution. There were no breed x month interactions. Determinations of blood volumes and extracellular water volumes did not provide any explanation of differences in P.B.I. and thyroxine volume of distribution. Correlations betweefl thyroid secretion rates and body weight gains were positive (r = 0.85, P < 0.01, among months; r = 0.70, P < 0.01, among animals) in summer when pasture was good and gains averaged 2.06 lb per day. Correlations were negative (r = –0.78, P < 0.01, among months; r = –0.43 among animals) in winter when pastures were poor and gains averaged –0.28 lb per day. Of the different components of thyroid secretion rate, P.B.I. and extrathyroidal thyroxine were superior to thyroxine turnover rate and thyroxine volume of distribution in reflecting seasonal changes in thyroid activity and its relation with growth rates. P.B.I. and body weight contributed most and thyroxine turnover rate and thyroxine volume of distribution least to differences in thyroid secretion rate between breeds and between animals within breeds.

Comparative indexes of thyroid function in sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Hoersch ◽  
H. E. Henderson ◽  
E. P. Reineke ◽  
H. A. Henneman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Thyroid Epithelial Cell ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Zero Time

The effects of light and temperature on thyroid activity of sheep were assessed by four methods: thyroid secretion rate, zero time per cent uptake of I131, I131 output half-time, and measurement of the thyroid epithelial cell height. Increased ambient temperature inhibited thyroid activity as evaluated by all methods. Reduced temperatures consistently resulted in a depressed uptake of I131. I131 output half-time had no relationship with actual hormone secretion. Light alterations imposed the same trend on thyroid function when activity was assessed by secretion rate and cell height measurement. As evaluated by these two methods the lowest thyroid activity was observed at 12 hr of illumination per day and increased with both increasing and decreasing light beyond this 1:1 light-to-dark ratio. When the three isotopic measures of thyroid activity were correlated with the histological method the highest correlation was found between cell height and thyroid secretion.

Cold-Acclimation in the Marsupial Antechinus-Stuartii - Thyroid-Function and Metabolic-Rate

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Withers ◽  
AJ Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Thyroid Secretion

Metabolic rate and food energy intake of Antechinus stuartii at 5�C and 25�C, and thyroid iodine secretion rate of A. stuartii and Mus musculus were compared after acclimation to 5�C or 25�C for 6-8 weeks. Acclimation to cold increased minimum metabolic rate of A. stuartii at 25�C but not at 5�C and had no significant influence on daily metabolic rate and food energy intake at 5�C or at 25�C. Thyroid secretion rate of A. stuartii was 0.47�0.07 �g I day-' and 0.15�0.02 �g I day-' in animals acclimated to cold and warm conditions. In M. musculus, there was no significant effect of long-term exposure to cold on the rate of thyroid iodine secretion, it being 0.18�0.02 �g I day-' and 0.15�0.01 �g I day-' in the cold and warm conditions respectively. The large increase in thyroid activity in A. stuartii following acclimation to cold could explain the increase in metabolic rate. No periods of torpor in A. stuartii were detected in this study.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON THYROID SECRETION IN SEVERAL MAMMALIAN SPECIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. PREMACHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Secretion Rates

SUMMARY Investigations were carried out to study the effect of reserpine in doses up to 100 μg./100 g. body weight on thyroid function as determined by thyroxine secretion rates (TSR) in the rat, hamster, guinea-pig and mouse. It was found that 20 μg. reserpine/100 g. body weight had no effect on TSR or on body weight. At higher doses (50–100 μg./100 g.) TSR was depressed, greater depression being noted with doses of 100 μg. Food intake was reduced at the higher dosage resulting in significant losses of body weight (up to 33%). In long-term studies in rats, administration of 10 μg. reserpine/100 g. body weight for 6 weeks had no effect on TSR. No dose of reserpine that would inhibit TSR without contributing to body weight loss and depression in food intake was found. Administration of reserpine in these low doses did not influence body temperature. Uniform results were obtained in all the species studied. It is concluded that reserpine, in low doses, has no influence on thyroid function as determined by the rate of thyroxine secretion. Higher doses of reserpine, however, inhibit thyroid secretion, but such an inhibition appears to be secondary to the effects of inanition brought about by a toxic action of the drug and/or its hypothalamic effects.

Clearance and production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in female baboons.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. E74
Author(s):  
H A Schut ◽  
G J Pepe ◽  
J D Townsley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Secretion Rates

Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (D) are greater and those of D sulfate (DS) are lower in female baboons than in women, suggesting interspecies differences in relative production and catabolism of these steroids. To examine this possibility, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), interconversion (rho), and production of D and DS were determined in five adult female baboons by constant intravenous infusion of [3H]DS and [14C]D. MCR-D (mean +/- SE) was greater (407 +/- 72.8 1/day; 23.1 +/- 3.4 1/day.kg, P less than 0.01) than MCR-DS (44 +/- 5.7 1/day; 2.5 +/- 0.3 1/day.kg). rho-D leads to DS (mean % +/- SE) was greater (45.4 +/- 3.0, P less than 0.001) than rhoDS leads to D (3.8 +/- 0.6), indicating that the equilibrium favors DS formation. Calculated D production and secretion rates were similar (4.5 and 4.4 microgram/min, respectively), whereas DS production (4.1 microgram/min) was twice its secretion rate (2.1 microgram/min). The large difference between MCR-D and MCR-DS resembles that in human beings. However, when clearance is expressed per kilogram body weight, MCR-D is similar to that in man, but MCR-DS is approximately 15-fold greater in the baboon. It is concluded that compared to values in human beings, the greater MCR-DS in baboons maintains the lower serum DS concentration, whereas the higher serum D levels probably result from the relatively greater secretion rate of D baboons.

The effect of level of nutrition on thyroid activity in beef cattle

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
TB Post
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Nutritional Effect ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Secretion Rates

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different nutritional levels on thyroid activity in beef cattle. In experiment 1, plasma protein-bound iodine (P.B.I.) levels in eight steers on poor pasture increased by over 50% 24 hr after supplying a supplement of 20 lb good quality lucerne hay per animal per day. In experiment 2, 17 grazing spayed heifers given a supplement of 2 lb peanut meal per day over a 4-month period also had higher P.B.I.'s than 24 controls. In experiment 3,10 growing steers given a constant amount of lucerne hay throughout the year showed decreases in P.B.I. and thyroid secretion rate consistent with a decline in feed intake per unit of metabolic body weight. A Latin square design was used in experiment 4, to study the effects of ad libitum feeding of three different rations: lucerne hay, non-legume hay, and ground sorghum plus non-legume hay to 18 steers. All rations caused sharp first-day increases in P.B.I., the magnitude of which depended on the quality of the ration. As feeding continued the P.B.I.'s decreased somewhat. At the end of 5 weeks, P.B.I.'s and thyroid secretion rates were similar in steers fed on lucerne or sorghum plus non-legume hay, but significantly lower (P < 0.05) in those fed on non-legume hay alone. The failure of intramuscular injections of vitamin A to increase P.B.I. in animals on low-carotene pasture and hay ruled out the carotene content as a source of the nutritional effect. These studies indicate that various types of improved nutrition can have pronounced effects on the thyroid, and that seasonal and animal differences in thyroid activity could result from differences in quality or quantity of pasture intake.

CHANGES IN THYROID ACTIVITY DURING GROWTH IN THE SHEEP

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. FALCONER ◽  
H. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Unit Body Weight

SUMMARY The rate constants for thyroid uptake (K1) and release (K4) of 131I, the serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) level and the rate of secretion of thyroid hormone have been determined for sheep from 5 weeks to 7 years old. The secretion rate of thyroid hormone has been shown to increase rapidly up to the age of 6–8 months, and then decline slightly with increasing age. The rate constant for 131I release from the thyroid (K4), showed an increase up to 1 year of age, and considerably lower values at 5 and 7 years old. When the thyroid hormone secretion rate is expressed per unit body weight, the highest rate was observed at approx. 6 months of age or 20–40 kg. body weight. The significance of this initial increase in thyroid hormone secretion rate per unit body weight is discussed in conjunction with the results of other workers on the energy metabolism of immature animals. Serum PBI levels decreased sharply during the 1st year of life and then remained relatively constant.

Thyroid hormone secretion rate and milk yield in lactating rats

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark E. Grosvenor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Thyroid Secretion

Thyroid secretion rate (TSR) obtained from primiparous lactating rats during the first 14 days of lactation averaged 1.93 µg/100 gm/day l-thyroxine or 130% more than obtained from nonlactating female rats of the same age and strain. TSR was significantly correlated with the amount of milk obtained from mothers on day 14 of lactation. TSR obtained from the same rats during a second 14-day period of lactation (nursing a foster litter) was significantly reduced to an average of 0.98 µg/100 gm/day l-thyroxine. A significant reduction in milk yield on day 28 accompanied the reduction in TSR. The reduction in milk secretion during the second 14 days of lactation resulted in slower growth of the foster litters. Maternal body weight was unaltered. In a second experiment the average TSR of 2.10 µg/100 gm/day obtained during the first 14 days of lactation fell to 0.75 µg/100 gm/day during a subsequent 14-day period of nonnursing. The intensity of lactation apparently is associated with the intensity of thyroid hormone output, and inadequate thyroid hormone secretion may be an important factor in the decline of milk secretion.

scholarly journals Interrelationships of body weight and bone weight with densitometric properties of tibiotarsal bone in geese during post-hatching development

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 682-690
Author(s):  
A. Charuta ◽  
MR Tatara ◽  
M. Dzierzecka ◽  
E. Polawska ◽  
I. Ptaszynska-Sarosiek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Parts

The aim of this study was to evaluate interrelationships of body weight and bone weight and densitometric properties of the tibiotarsus in White Koluda Geese (W31) in the post-hatching period. The study was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at two different parts of tibia: proximal metaphysis and mid-diaphysis. The investigation was performed on 100 bones obtained from males and females at the age of 1, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days of life. All the calculations were performed using the Statistica 9.0 software (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, USA). Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient of body weight and bone weight with all the investigated variables of bone was determined. Depending on the method used for densitometric measurements &ndash; DEXA or pQCT, the current study has revealed significant differences in the number of correlations of bone weight and body weight with the evaluated densitometric parameters. Sex-related differences in the investigated interrelationships were also found. In the case of proximal epiphysis, negative correlations of vBMD, tBMC, CTR_DEN and CRT_CNT with body weight and bone weight dominated in one-day-old males. Based on the current observations and the negative correlations of body weight and vBMD, CRT_DEN and TRAB_DEN obtained in the mid-diaphysis of tibiotarsus at the age of 14 days of life, it was concluded that this bone is much more prone to deformations and fractures in males than in females.

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