Chromatolysis and vacuolation of specific diencephalic nuclei induced by acute pyrexia

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Brody ◽  
Simon Rodbard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
High Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System

To determine the effects of high body temperature upon cells of the central nervous system, chicks were exposed to radiant heat. An increase in body temperature 3°C above normal resulted in chromatolysis and vacuolation in the cells of the nucleus rotundum, the nucleus entopeduncularis inferior and nucleus anterior medialis of the hypothalamus. A decrease in body temperature 15°C below normal had no effect upon these cells. It is suggested that the nuclei affected by the induced acute pyrexia may be involved in sensing and responding to the specific thermal overload.

Antipyretic effect of arginine vasotocin in toads

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. R1408-R1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Bicego-Nahas ◽  
A. A. Steiner ◽  
E. C. Carnio ◽  
J. Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
L. G. S. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature ◽  
Toad Bufo

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is a nonmammalian analog of the mammalian hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). These peptides are known for their antidiuretic and pressor effects. More recently, AVP has been recognized as an important antipyretic molecule in mammals. However, no information exists about the role of AVT in febrile ectotherms. We tested the hypothesis that AVT is an antipyretic molecule in the toad Bufo paracnemis. Toads equipped with a temperature probe were placed in a thermal gradient, and preferred body temperature was recorded continuously. A behavioral fever was observed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected systemically (200 μg/kg). Systemically injected AVT (300 pmol/kg) alone caused no significant change in body temperature, but abolished LPS-induced fever. Moreover, a smaller dose of AVT (10 pmol/kg), which did not affect LPS-induced fever when injected peripherally, abolished fever when injected intracerebroventricularly. We therefore conclude that AVT plays an antipyretic role in the central nervous system, by means of behavior, in an ectotherm, a fact consistent with the notion that AVT/AVP elicits antipyresis by reducing the thermoregulatory set point.

scholarly journals The impact of a binary catalyst system «tereftal + ascorbic acid» on the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
N. P. Ermakova ◽  
S. S. Trofimov ◽  
N. Y. Kulbachevskaya ◽  
O. I. Konyaeva ◽  
V. M. Bukhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Binary Catalyst

Introduction. Neurotoxicity is one of the specific systemic complications of anticancer chemotherapy. Detection in experimental animals complications of psychotropic or neurotropic action of the new drug is one of the most difficult challenges of preclinical toxicology. Preclinical toxicological study of the effect of a binary catalyst system «tereftal + ascorbic acid» on the central nervous system (CNS). Objective. The prediction of toxic effects of binary catalytic system in clinical application in patients. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 300 male mice hybrids (CBA х C57 Bl/6J) F1. Have terephtal - russian drug. A binary catalyst system was injected intravenously once at close to the maximum tolerated dose - 50 mg/kg tereftal + 110 mg/kg ascorbic acid and in therapeutic dose - 20 mg/kg tereftal + 44 mg/kg ascorbic acid. The obtained data were compared with a control animal treated with saline solution and with the data of animals treated with one tereftal and one ascorbic acid in equivalent doses. To assess neurotoxicity tests used standard neuropharmacological screening. An assessment of emotional status, muscle tone were undertaken. Behavior was evaluated in the tests «open field» and «aggression». We evaluated the response to pain stimulation, the change in rectal body temperature. Higher integrative brain functions were investigated on the model of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance. Estimated effect on convulsive readiness of the CNS. Results. The catalytic system changed the general condition of the animals. This was manifested, on the one hand, in the suppression of their overall activity (sluggishness, inactivity until weakness, muscle relaxation, the lowering side, the slowing of breathing), the other - to increase their excitability (when in group, some animals adopted a characteristic aggressive stands, in some cases seizures). These animals were observed exophthalmos, the appearance of the position «frog», posture «praying mouse», the desire to hide. The inhibitory effect of the catalytic system was dose-dependent. Observed inhibition of various forms of behavior, emotional status, decrease in body temperature and pain sensitivity, in the test for aggression - reducing the number of fights, in open field test - locomotor activity suppression. Spontaneous seizures in the provocation corazol binary catalytic system was not strengthened. Conclusion. The obtained data allow to predict toxic effects from the CNS during clinical use of binary catalytic system «tereftal + ascorbic acid»: total confusion, lethargy, physical inactivity, decrease in body temperature, increased anxiety and aggression and, in very rare cases, the occurrence of seizures.

Neonatal hypothermia

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Lev Shkondin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neonatal Hypothermia

Hypothermia in newborns is a violation of heat metabolism, which is accompanied by a decrease in body temperature below 36.4 °C, manifested by polysystemic disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems of the infant's body. Hypothermia occurs with a decrease in the axillary temperature in the newborn lower than 36.4 °C. It can develop rapidly, within 1–2 minutes, with a loss of temperature at a speed of 0.4 °C. It is a serious complication that requires quick and intensive correction; it can lead to irreversible changes, and even death, without the necessary medical care.

scholarly journals Central control of body temperature

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Body Temperature Regulation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Central neural circuits orchestrate the behavioral and autonomic repertoire that maintains body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and alters body temperature during the inflammatory response and behavioral states and in response to declining energy homeostasis. This review summarizes the central nervous system circuit mechanisms controlling the principal thermoeffectors for body temperature regulation: cutaneous vasoconstriction regulating heat loss and shivering and brown adipose tissue for thermogenesis. The activation of these thermoeffectors is regulated by parallel but distinct efferent pathways within the central nervous system that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. The model for the neural circuit mechanism underlying central thermoregulatory control provides a useful platform for further understanding of the functional organization of central thermoregulation, for elucidating the hypothalamic circuitry and neurotransmitters involved in body temperature regulation, and for the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to modulating body temperature and energy homeostasis.

Central CO-heme oxygenase pathway raises body temperature by a prostaglandin-independent way

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1607-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Steiner ◽  
Luiz G. S. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Thermal Index ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Recently, the carbon monoxide (CO)-heme oxygenase pathway has been shown to play an important role in fever generation by acting on the central nervous system, but the mechanisms involved have not been assessed. Thus the present study was designed to determine whether prostagandins participate in the rise in body temperature (Tb) observed after induction of the CO-heme oxygenase pathway in the central nervous system. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of heme-lysinate (152 nmol/4 μl), which is known to induce the CO-heme oxygenase pathway, caused an increase in Tb [thermal index (TI) = 5.3 ± 0.5°C ⋅ h], which was attenuated by ICV administration of the heme oxygenase inhibitor ZnDPBG (200 nmol/4 μl; TI = 2.5 ± 1.7°C ⋅ h; P < 0.05). No change in Tb was observed after intraperitoneal injection of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg), whereas indomethacin at the same dose attenuated the fever induced by ICV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/2 μl) (vehicle/LPS: TI = 4.5 ± 0.5°C ⋅ h; indomethacin/LPS: TI = 1.7 ± 1.0°C ⋅ h; P < 0.05). Interestingly, indomethacin did not affect the rise in Tb induced by heme-lysinate (152 nmol/4 μl) ICV injection (vehicle/heme: TI = 4.5 ± 1.4°C ⋅ h; indomethacin/heme: TI = 4.2 ± 1.0°C ⋅ h). Finally, PGE2 (200 ng/2 μl) injected ICV evoked a rise in Tb that lasted 1.5 h. The heme oxygenase inhibitor ZnDPBG (200 nmol/4 μl) failed to alter PGE2-induced fever. Taken together, these results indicate that the central CO-heme oxygenase pathway increases Tbindependently of prostaglandins.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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