Vascular changes associated with development of irreversible endotoxin shock

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerner B. Hinshaw ◽  
James A. Vick ◽  
Margaret M. Jordan ◽  
Lorentz E. Wittmers
Keyword(s):  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Small Vein ◽  
Arterial Responses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Recent reports from this laboratory have described the hemodynamic effects of endotoxin in the dog, cat, rabbit, and monkey. To determine the role of peripheral vascular changes in the onset of irreversible shock, isolated denervated dog legs were perfused by means of a pump-lung or dog-pump apparatus. Following endotoxin, dogs liberated vasoactive substances which had profound effects on the perfused organ. Large changes in leg arterial resistance and increases in small vein pressure were seen, which resulted in the formation of edema. Vascular responses of legs to pressor agents in late shock appear abnormal in that venous resistance increases while arterial responses diminish. This, in conjunction with the increased level and activity of histamine, may account for the development of the irreversible period. These findings explain the reported harmful effects of pressor agents when used therapeutically and provide a rationale for the protective actions of adrenergic and histamine-blocking drugs. The study serves to underscore the significance of recently reported findings on the primate in endotoxin shock.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HYPOPROTEINEMIA. II. FAMILIAL IDIOPATHIC DYSPROTEINEMIA

Blood ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. HOMBURGER ◽  
M. L. PETERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protein Components

Abstract 1. A new syndrome, idiopathic familial dysproteinemia, is described in 4 adult members of one generation, in 2 of their paternal uncles and in 4 members of the second generation. The syndrome is characterized by hypoproteinemia and/or abnormalities in the electrophoretic patterns of the blood plasma (dysproteinemia). These are accompanied in the adult by peripheral vascular changes (ulcers of the legs in the men, low oscillometric indices in the women) and edema. There are also malformations of the thoracic cage and of the occipital hair distribution in some of the cases. 2. The idiopathic nature of the disease was ascertained in some of the patients by study of the nutritional history, of the renal, hepatic and adrenal functions, and of the response to a high-protein diet under controlled conditions. 3. In one case detailed studies of the mechanisms of plasma protein regulation resulted in findings that indicate a disturbance in the production of certain protein components. The disappearance rate of injected albumin and the rate of replacement of acutely withdrawn plasma protein were normal. 4. The clinical and physio-pathologic significance of this syndrome and the possible role of genetic factors are discussed.

A comparative study of the hemodynamic actions of histamine and endotoxin

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerner B. Hinshaw ◽  
Thomas E. Emerson ◽  
P. F. Iampietro ◽  
Charles M. Brake
Keyword(s):  
Venous Return ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Small Vein ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Logical Extension

The present study is a logical extension of earlier work with the aim of evaluating the relative role of histamine in endotoxin shock. A variety of experiments on 91 dogs were carried out in which the hemodynamic actions of histamine, a histamine releaser (48/80), and endotoxin were compared. Results indicate definite similarities of action in a number of vascular parameters: a) an early increase in portal venous pressure coincident with a decrease in venous return, pooling, and a rapid decrease in systemic arterial pressure and b) eventual increases in foreleg resistance, foreleg small vein pressure, leg weight, and circulating hematocrit. The early responses to endotoxin are greatly altered when 48/80 is administered prior to endotoxin which suggests a common underlying mechanism for the action of each agent. Histamine appears to serve as a triggering device for the sustained release of adrenergic-like agents which superimpose their effects on those of histamine. These findings offer additional evidence for the early release of histamine in endotoxin shock.

scholarly journals The role of ultrasound imaging in vascular compression syndromes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Farina ◽  
Pietro Valerio Foti ◽  
Andrea Conti ◽  
Francesco Aldo Iannace ◽  
Isabella Pennisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Nutcracker Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Dunbar Syndrome ◽  
Level Method ◽  
Compression Syndromes

AbstractVascular compression syndromes are rare alterations that have in common the compression of an arterial and/or venous vessel by contiguous structures and can be congenital or acquired. The best known are the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Nutcracker Syndrome, May–Thurner Syndrome, and Dunbar Syndrome. The incidence of these pathologies is certainly underestimated due to the non-specific clinical signs and their frequent asymptomaticity. Being a first-level method, Ultrasound plays a very important role in identifying these alterations, almost always allowing a complete diagnostic classification. If in expert hands, this method can significantly contribute to the reduction of false negatives, especially in the asymptomatic population, where the finding of the aforementioned pathologies often happens randomly following routine checks. In this review, we briefly discuss the best known vascular changes, the corresponding ultrasound anatomy, and typical ultrasound patterns.

The role of experts in the development of recovery handbooks: UK and European experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 014664532110109
Author(s):  
A.F. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
European Network ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Initial Focus

The importance of involving experts in the development of strategies for managing areas contaminated as a result of a nuclear accident is now well recognised. Following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the initial focus, quite understandably, was on the technical aspects of reducing doses to the affected population. Subsequently, work carried out in the UK and elsewhere in Europe looked at the broader impacts of protective actions on agriculture, the environment, and society. From 1997, a group of experts from academia, government, and non-government organisations met regularly in the UK to debate these issues. One of the outputs included the first version of the UK Recovery Handbook for Radiation Incidents in 2005. Based on the success of the UK group, a European network of experts was established, leading to the development of European handbooks in 2009. The UK handbooks are living documents that are updated regularly with substantive input from experts.

scholarly journals Terminal uridyltransferase 7 regulates TLR4-triggered inflammation by controlling Regnase-1 mRNA uridylation and degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ching Lin ◽  
Yi-Ru Shen ◽  
Chi-Chih Chang ◽  
Xiang-Yi Guo ◽  
Yun-Yun Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure ◽  
Tlr4 Activation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractDifferent levels of regulatory mechanisms, including posttranscriptional regulation, are needed to elaborately regulate inflammatory responses to prevent harmful effects. Terminal uridyltransferase 7 (TUT7) controls RNA stability by adding uridines to its 3′ ends, but its function in innate immune response remains obscure. Here we reveal that TLR4 activation induces TUT7, which in turn selectively regulates the production of a subset of cytokines, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6). TUT7 regulates IL-6 expression by controlling ribonuclease Regnase-1 mRNA (encoded by Zc3h12a gene) stability. Mechanistically, TLR4 activation causes TUT7 to bind directly to the stem-loop structure on Zc3h12a 3′-UTR, thereby promotes Zc3h12a uridylation and degradation. Zc3h12a from LPS-treated TUT7-sufficient macrophages possesses increased oligo-uridylated ends with shorter poly(A) tails, whereas oligo-uridylated Zc3h12a is significantly reduced in Tut7-/- cells after TLR4 activation. Together, our findings reveal the functional role of TUT7 in sculpting TLR4-driven responses by modulating mRNA stability of a selected set of inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Rodrigues ◽  
Manoj Gurung ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Manuel García-Jaramillo ◽  
Renee Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractWestern diet (WD) is one of the major culprits of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D) with gut microbiota playing an important role in modulating effects of the diet. Herein, we use a data-driven approach (Transkingdom Network analysis) to model host-microbiome interactions under WD to infer which members of microbiota contribute to the altered host metabolism. Interrogation of this network pointed to taxa with potential beneficial or harmful effects on host’s metabolism. We then validate the functional role of the predicted bacteria in regulating metabolism and show that they act via different host pathways. Our gene expression and electron microscopy studies show that two species from Lactobacillus genus act upon mitochondria in the liver leading to the improvement of lipid metabolism. Metabolomics analyses revealed that reduced glutathione may mediate these effects. Our study identifies potential probiotic strains for T2D and provides important insights into mechanisms of their action.

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