scholarly journals Acute mechanical forces cause deterioration in lung structure and function in elastase-induced emphysema

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (7) ◽  
pp. L567-L574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Szabari ◽  
H. Parameswaran ◽  
S. Sato ◽  
Z. Hantos ◽  
E. Bartolák-Suki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
And Function

The relation between the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbations is unclear. Currently, no animal model of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) exists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of mechanical forces induced by deep inspirations (DIs) on short-term deterioration of lung structure and function to mimic AECOPD. At 2, 7, or 21 days after treatment with elastase, mice were ventilated with or without DIs (35 cmH2O airway pressure for 3 s, 2 times/min) for 1 h. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured with body plethysmography, and respiratory compliance, resistance, and hysteresivity were obtained via forced oscillations. From hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, equivalent airspace diameters (D), alveolar wall thickness (Wt), number of septal ruptures (Nsr), and attachment density (Ad) around airways were determined. FRC, compliance, and hysteresivity statistically significantly increased with time, and both increased due to DIs. Interestingly, DIs also had an effect on FRC, compliance, resistance, and hysteresivity in control mice. The development of emphysema statistically significantly increased D and Wt in time, and the DIs caused subtle differences in D. At 21 days, the application of DIs changed the distribution of D, increased Wt and Nsr, and decreased Ad. These results suggest that once a critical remodeling of the parenchyma has been reached, acute mechanical forces lead to irreversible changes in structure and function, mimicking COPD exacerbations. Thus, the acute application of DIs in mice with emphysema may serve as a useful model of AECOPD.

INFLUENCE OF OZONE THERAPY ON THE DYNAMICS OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY INDEXESIN OBSERVATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
А. М. ЖУКЕМБАЕВА ◽  
К.С. ЛАТКИНА ◽  
К. М. КАПАРОВА ◽  
А.К. КУАТ ◽  
Ж. К. АТХАН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd

Проведен анализ результатов изменений иммунологических показателей на фоне проводимого лечения обострения ХОБЛ, проведенного у 55 больных. Все больные, рассматриваемые в нашей работе, подписали письменное информированное согласие на участие в программе исследований и неразглашении личных данных. Установлено, что через 7 суток после начала лечения уровень IgM в сыворотке крови во II группе, где проводилась озонотерапия, был достоверно меньше, чем в I, что свидетельствовало о более быстрой регрессии воспалительного процесса во II группе (P< 0,05). При этом показатели HCT-индуцированного фагоцитоза, на фоне проводимой озонотерапии во II группе, были достоверно больше, чем в I, где озонотерапия не проводилась (P<0,05). То есть, резервы кислород зависимой фагоцитарной активности нейтрофилов во II группе на фоне проведения озонотерапии были более функционально активны. Особого внимания заслуживает то, что во II группе элиминация ЦИК происходила достоверно быстрее, чем в I (P< 0,05). Это свидетельствовало об эффективности применения озонотерапии при лечении обострения ХОБЛ. Таким образом, положительное влияние инфузионной озонотерапии на различные звенья воспаления при обострении ХОБЛ свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейших исследований в этом направлении. The analysis of the results of changes in immunological parameters in the treatment of complications of COPD in 55 patients. All patients considered in our study signed a written informed consent to participate in the study program and not to disclose their personal data. Serum IgM levels in group II treated with ozone therapy 7 days after the start of treatment were significantly lower than in group I, indicating a more rapid regression of the inflammatory process in group II (P <0.05). At the same time, the incidence of HCT-induced phagocytosis in group II ozone therapy was significantly higher than in group I without ozone therapy (P <0.05). That is, in the context of ozone therapy, the reserves of oxygen-dependent phagocytic activity of neutrophils of group II were functionally active. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the elimination of AIC in group II was faster than in group I (P <0.05). This demonstrated the effectiveness of ozone therapy in the treatment of COPD exacerbations. Thus, the positive effect of infusion ozone therapy at different stages of inflammation during the exacerbation of COPD indicates the prospects for further research in this area.

Brain Structure and Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Dodd ◽  
Ai Wern Chung ◽  
Martin D. van den Broek ◽  
Thomas R. Barrick ◽  
Rebecca A. Charlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. L1113-L1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Growth And Aging ◽  
And Function

Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Oxidative Stress on Diaphragm Dysfunction and Exercise Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingzhi Zhang ◽  
Peijun Li ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
Weibing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Diaphragm Dysfunction ◽  
And Function

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can cause extrapulmonary injury such as diaphragm dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors causing diaphragm dysfunction in COPD. Exercise plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of diaphragm dysfunction in COPD, and the changes in diaphragm structure and function induced by exercise are closely related to the regulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, on the basis of the review of oxidative stress and the changes in diaphragm structure and function in COPD, this article analyzed the effects of exercise on oxidative stress and diaphragm dysfunction in COPD and explored the possible mechanism by which exercise improves oxidative stress. Studies have found that diaphragm dysfunction in COPD includes the decline of muscle strength, endurance, and activity. Oxidative stress mainly affects the structure and function of the diaphragm in COPD through protein oxidation, protease activation and calcium sensitivity reduction. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress level and diaphragm dysfunction may differ depending on the intensity, duration, and style of exercise. The mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in the diaphragm of COPD may include improving antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidase activity and improving mitochondrial function.

scholarly journals State of cardiovascular system in employees with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with arterial hypertension in terms of exposure to toxic games

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
L. A. Panacheva ◽  
L. A. Shpagina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Large Vessels

Objective. Identification of the features of the cardiovascular system damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with arterial hypertension (AH) in workers exposed to toxic gases (TG). Materials and methods. 132 house painters and paint production workers of the Novosibirsk aviation enterprise were included in 3 strata and examined: I-COPD and TG; II-COPD in combination with AH when exposed to TG; III COPD in combination with AH without exposure to TG. Employees of all strata were divided by length of service less than 10 and more than 10 years. The selection of workers in groups was carried out by a continuous method. Results. The most pronounced changes on the ECG, regardless of the length of service, were observed in workers with COPD in combination with hypertension and contact with TG (levogram and metabolic changes in the myocardium). When exposed to TG for more than 10 years, hypertrophy of the left parts of the heart was also detected. Among workers with COPD in combination with hypertension exposed to TG, the indicators of average pulmonary artery pressure (APAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) elevated with increasing work experience; changes in the structure and function of the right and left parts of the heart and signs of remodeling of large vessels were also revealed. The same workers showed more pronounced changes in the daily blood pressure profile (DBPP) of AP with the prevalence of Non-dippers and Night-pickers. Conclusions. Among workers suffering from comorbid pathology, with increasing duration of TG exposure over 10 years, there were observed the most pronounced ECG changes (deviation of electrical axis to the left, metabolic changes in the myocardium, hypertrophy of the left heart); increased APAP and PVR 1.21 and 1.10 times; changes in the structure and function of the right and left chambers of the heart, remodeling of large vessels; increase in the frequency of variants of the DBPP of Non-dippers and Night-pickers.

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