Behavior of sheep drinking ethanol solution

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1526-R1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
D. R. Deam ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
E. Tarjan ◽  
R. S. Weisinger
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Drinking Ethanol

Sheep that were habituated to drinking 10% (vol/vol) ethanol solution instead of water were subjected to proven thirst stimuli to study the effect of chronic ethanol intake on brain mechanisms subserving thirst. Sheep that had not previously drunk 10% ethanol were also tested. All sheep were trained to press a pedal that delivered 50 ml/press of fluid (either 10% ethanol or water) into a drinking cup. In some experiments, fluids were presented in bins. All animals had access to only one fluid at a time. Five ethanol-drinking sheep appeared healthy and maintained body weight over 18 mo. They always preferred water to 10% ethanol. The intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) at 3.8 micrograms/h for 2 h increased ethanol intake from 15 +/- 10 to 200 +/- 55 ml in the 1st h, but 2,850 +/- 320 ml of water was drunk in the 2nd h. The icv infusion of 500 mM NaCl had a similar effect. After fluid deprivation for 22 or 46 h, ethanol intake in 1 h of access was only 280 +/- 40 and 400 +/- 90 ml, respectively, and 24-h intake was not increased. Water-drinking sheep drank 1,300 +/- 195 ml of water in 1 h after 22-h water deprivation, and 24-h intake was 1.5 times normal. The icv infusion of ANG II in these sheep increased water intake in 1 h from 10 +/- 10 to 1,630 +/- 250 ml and intake of 10% ethanol to only 310 +/- 60 ml. In conclusion, sheep accept 10% ethanol as a substitute for water for daily drinking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II increases water and ethanol intake in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. R162-R172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
P. Burns ◽  
D. A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Stimulation Of

The influence of prolonged ingestion of ethanol on stimulation of water or ethanol intake by intracerebroventricular infusion of ANG II was evaluated in rats. Animals were maintained for 5–6 mo with either 10% ethanol solution or water as their only source of fluid. In both groups of rats, infusion of ANG II caused a large increase in water intake (7-fold) and a lesser increase in 10% ethanol intake (2-fold). The effect of ANG II on the volume of ethanol solution ingested, however, was inversely related to the concentration of the ethanol solution. As the concentration of ethanol solution was decreased, frequency and duration of drinking bouts increased. The intake of sweetened 10% ethanol solution or commercially produced wine during infusion of ANG II was similar to the intake of 10% ethanol and not related to taste preference. In conclusion, chronic consumption of ethanol solution did not appear to adversely effect ANG II stimulation of water intake. The intake of ethanol solution during infusion of ANG II was inhibited by a direct effect of ingested ethanol and/or by indirect effect from metabolized ethanol.

Ablation of subfornical organ does not prevent angiotensin-induced water drinking in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. R1052-R1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McKinley ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
R. G. Park ◽  
R. S. Weisinger
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Subfornical Organ ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Water Drinking

The subfornical organ (SFO) and surrounding periventricular tissue were ablated in sheep. Such a lesion did not significantly reduce water drinking in response to intracarotid, intravenous, or intracerebroventricular infusions of [Val5]angiotensin II amide (ANG II) but caused reduced intake of water in response to intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline. The dipsogenic response of these sheep to water deprivation for 3 days was similar to that of normal sheep subjected to water deprivation. Although the results are not conclusive in excluding the SFO from having a role in ANG II-induced drinking, they show that there are receptors outside the SFO sensitive to blood-borne ANG II that are involved in water drinking in sheep. The results also show that tissue in the SFO or its surroundings may be involved in drinking caused by acute hypertonicity.

Circulating angiotensin II and drinking behavior in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R531-R538 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Pawloski ◽  
G. D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After

This study was designed to investigate the effects on water drinking of acute and chronic increases in circulating angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations in rats. Experiments were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically instrumented with femoral arterial and venous catheters and permanently housed in metal metabolism cages. ANG II was infused intravenously either acutely (30 min-2 h) or chronically (3 days) in a dose range of 10-60 ng/min. In no instance did such infusions cause a statistically significant increase in water intake. Other experiments examined the influence of ANG II (10 ng/min iv) on drinking elicited by infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride (1.5 M at 3.5 microliters/min). ANG II administration did not increase drinking to a hypertonic saline stimulus or lower the osmotic threshold for drinking. Nitroprusside (12 micrograms/min) was infused for 30 min to produce hypotension and drinking. Water intake associated with this stimulus was not changed by blocking ANG II formation with enalapril (2 mg/kg iv) or by concomitant infusion of ANG II (10 ng/min iv). Finally, plasma ANG II concentrations were measured before and after 1-h intravenous infusion of saline or ANG II to determine the levels of circulating ANG II produced by the infusion rates used here. It is concluded that the range of circulating ANG II concentrations found under most physiological conditions in rats does not directly stimulate drinking or participate importantly in osmotic or hypotension-induced drinking.

Angiotensin II regulates oxygen consumption

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. R445-R453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Cassis ◽  
Marc Helton ◽  
Vicki English ◽  
Gerome Burke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Exposure Energy ◽  
Rebound Increase

Previous studies demonstrated that angiotensin II (ANG II) decreases body weight. This study examined whether ANG II regulates body weight through energy expenditure. Acute ANG II administration decreased oxygen consumption. To determine whether this effect was maintained, rats were infused with ANG II or saline for 14 days. Oxygen consumption was transiently decreased on day 1 of ANG II infusion; however, body weight and food intake were reduced for 14 days. In pair-feeding studies, reductions in food intake accounted for 63% of the effect of ANG II on body weight but did not influence systolic pressure, water intake, or oxygen consumption. With 28 days of ANG II infusion, differences in body weight between ANG II and control rats were of greater magnitude. An initial decrease in oxygen consumption was followed by a rebound increase. Coadministration of losartan prevented the effect of ANG II on body weight, food intake, blood pressure, and water intake. However, losartan only partially prevented ANG II reductions in oxygen consumption. These results demonstrate that ANG II transiently decreases oxygen consumption through mechanisms unrelated to food intake. With chronic ANG II exposure, energy expenditure may contribute to sustained reductions in body weight.

Water deprivation-induced drinking in rats: role of angiotensin II

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. R244-R248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Barney ◽  
R. M. Threatte ◽  
M. J. Fregly
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Deprivation Period ◽  
Dependent Component

The role of angiotensin II in the control of water intake following deprivation of water for varying lengths of time was studied. Male rats were deprived of water for 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. Water intakes were measured with and without pretreatment with the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (50 mg/kg, ip). Captopril had no significant effect on water intake following either 0 or 12 h of water deprivation. However, captopril significantly attenuated water intake following 24-48 h of water deprivation with the magnitude of the attenuation increasing as the length of the period of water deprivation increased. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased over control levels after 24-48 h of water deprivation but not after 12 h of water deprivation. Plasma renin activity tended to increase as the length of the water-deprivation period increased. Serum osmolality and sodium concentration were significantly increased over control levels following 12-48 h of water deprivation. Serum osmolality and sodium concentration failed to show any further increases with increasing length of water deprivation beyond the increases following 12 h of water deprivation. The data indicate that the water intake of water-deprived rats can be divided into an angiotensin II-dependent component and angiotensin II-independent component. The angiotensin II-independent component appears to be more important in the early stages of water deprivation whereas the angiotensin II-dependent component becomes more important as the length of the water-deprivation period increases.

Angiotensin and Na appetite of sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. R690-R699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
M. J. McKinley ◽  
A. F. Muller ◽  
E. Tarjan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Access To Water

The effect of both intravenous (iv; 24 micrograms/h) and intracerebroventricular (ivt; 3.8 micrograms/h) infusion over 1-2 days of angiotensin II (ANG II) on Na intake of both Na-replete and -deplete sheep (i.e., 22 h loss of parotid saliva) was observed. In Na-replete sheep with continuous access to water and 2-h daily access to 0.5 M NaCl solution, both iv and ivt ANG II caused an increase in Na intake. The increase in Na intake caused by iv or ivt ANG II was preceded by a Na deficit due to increased urinary Na excretion. The increase in Na intake was eliminated by the continuous return of urine. In Na-deplete sheep with continuous access to water and 2-h daily access to 0.6 M NaHCO3 solution, iv ANG II caused no change in Na loss but a small increase in Na intake during the 1st day of infusion. The ivt ANG II caused no change in Na loss or in Na intake. The iv ANG II caused a small and inconsistent increase in water intake in Na-replete sheep but did not cause any change in water intake of Na-deplete sheep. The ivt ANG II caused a large increase in water intake in both Na-replete and -deplete sheep. In both Na-replete and -deplete sheep, iv ANG II did not alter cerebrospinal fluid or plasma [Na] or osmolality but decreased plasma [K]. The ivt ANG II decreased both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma [Na] and osmolality. The results of the present experiments are consistent with the proposition that the ANG II-induced Na appetite in sheep is largely due to an ANG II-induced Na loss preceding the development of appetite.

Role of arteria baroreceptor input on thirst and urinary responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. R591-R595 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Thunhorst ◽  
S. J. Lewis ◽  
A. K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Endogenous Formation

Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) in rats elicits greater water intake under hypotensive, compared with normotensive, conditions. The present experiments used sinoaortic baroreceptor-denervated (SAD) rats and sham-operated rats to examine if the modulatory effects of arterial blood pressure on water intake in response to icv ANG II are mediated by arterial baroreceptors. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was raised or lowered by intravenous (i.v.) infusions of phenylephrine (1 or 10 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1) or minoxidil (25 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), respectively. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (0.33 mg/min) was infused i.v. to prevent the endogenous formation of ANG II during testing. Urinary excretion of water and solutes was measured throughout. Water intake elicited by icv ANG II was inversely related to changes in MAP. Specifically, rats drank more water in response to icv ANG II when MAP was reduced by minoxidil but drank less water when MAP was elevated by phenylephrine. The influence of changing MAP on the icv ANG II-induced drinking responses was not affected by SAD. These results suggest that the modulatory effects of arterial blood pressure on icv ANG II-induced drinking can occur in the absence of sinoaortic baroreceptor input.

Vasopressin and angiotensin II in reflex regulation of ACTH, glucocorticoids, and renin: effect of water deprivation

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. R762-R769 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Brooks ◽  
L. C. Keil
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Vasopressin Antagonist ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
V2 Antagonist

Angiotensin II (ANG II) and vasopressin participate in baroreflex regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucocorticoid, and renin secretion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this participation is enhanced in water-deprived dogs, with chronically elevated plasma ANG II and vasopressin levels, compared with water-replete dogs. The baroreflex was assessed by infusing increasing doses of nitroprusside (0.3, 0.6, 1.5, and 3.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) in both groups of animals. To quantitate the participation of ANG II and vasopressin, the dogs were untreated or pretreated with the competitive ANG II antagonist saralasin, a V1-vasopressin antagonist, or combined V1/V2-vasopressin antagonist, either alone or in combination. The findings were as follows. 1) Larger reflex increases in ANG II, vasopressin, and glucocorticoids, but not ACTH, were produced in water-deprived dogs compared with water-replete dogs. 2) ANG II blockade blunted the glucocorticoid and ACTH responses to hypotension in water-deprived dogs, but not water-replete dogs. In contrast, vasopressin blockade reduced the ACTH response only in water-replete dogs. 3) Vasopressin or combined vasopressin and ANG II blockade reduced the plasma level of glucocorticoids related either to the fall in arterial pressure or to the increase in plasma ACTH concentration in water-replete dogs, and this effect was enhanced in water-deprived dogs. 4) In both water-deprived and water-replete animals, saralasin and/or a V1-antagonist increased the renin response to hypotension, but a combined V1/V2-antagonist did not. These results reemphasize the importance of endogenous ANG II and vasopressin in the regulation of ACTH, glucocorticoid, and renin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Water deprivation upregulates angiotensin II receptors in rat anterior pituitary

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. E264-E267
Author(s):  
A. Israel ◽  
J. M. Saavedra ◽  
L. Plunkett
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Individual Male ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors were quantitated in pituitary glands of individual male Long Evans rats by autoradiography after incubation of 8-microns thick pituitary sections with 125I-[Sar1]ANG II. Rat anterior pituitary had a single class of high-affinity saturable ANG II receptors with a Bmax of 1,360 +/- 109 fmol/mg protein and a Ka of 0.510 +/- 0.03 X 10(9) M-1. Five days of water deprivation produced a marked increase in the number of anterior pituitary ANG II receptors (Bmax: 2,428 +/- 233 fmol/mg protein, a 79% increase, P less than 0.001) and a decrease in affinity for the ligand (Ka: 0.337 +/- 0.01 10(9) M-1, a 34% decrease, P less than 0.05). Our results suggest a role for anterior pituitary ANG II receptors in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte metabolism in the rat.

Mechanisms contributing to angiotensin II regulation of body weight

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. E867-E876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Cassis ◽  
Dana E. Marshall ◽  
Michael J. Fettinger ◽  
Brady Rosenbluth ◽  
Robert A. Lodder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽  
Weight Decrease ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies in our laboratory have implicated adipose tissue as a potential site for local angiotensin II (ANG II) synthesis. However, functions of ANG II in adipose tissue and the impact of ANG II on body weight regulation are not well defined. To study the effect of ANG II on body weight, a chronic ANG II infusion model was used. In study 1, a low dose of ANG II (175 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was infused into rats for 14 days. Plasma ANG II levels were not elevated after 14 days of infusion. ANG II-infused rats did not gain weight over the 14-day protocol and exhibited a lower body weight than controls on day 8. Food intake was not altered, but water intake was increased in ANG II-infused rats. Blood pressure gradually increased to significantly elevated levels by day 14. Thermal infrared imaging demonstrated an increase in abdominal surface temperature. Measurement of organ mass demonstrated site-specific reductions in white adipose tissue mass after ANG II infusion. In study 2, the dose-response relationship for ANG II infusion (200, 350, and 500 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was determined. Body weight (decrease), blood pressure (increase), white adipose mass (decrease), plasma ANG II levels (increase), and plasma leptin levels (decrease) were altered in a dose-related manner after ANG II infusion. In study 3, the effect of ANG II infusion (350 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was examined in rats treated with the vasodilator hydralazine. Hydralazine treatment normalized blood pressure in ANG II-infused rats. The effect of ANG II to decrease body weight was augmented in hydralazine-treated rats. These results demonstrate that low levels of ANG II infusion regulate body weight through mechanisms related to increased peripheral metabolism and independent of elevations in blood pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document