Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. R490-R496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Casirola ◽  
R. R. Vinnakota ◽  
R. P. Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
Simple Diffusion

The absorption of selected water-soluble vitamins was studied in isolated intestinal sleeves of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The uptakes of riboflavin and biotin were each inhibited by their nonlabeled form, indicating the presence of a saturable mechanism [riboflavin: Michaelis constant (Km), 4.84 +/- 1.23 microM; maximal velocity (Vmax), 0.59 +/- 0.07 pmol.mg-1.min-1 biotin: Km, 22.3 +/- 6.95 microM; Vmax, 0.67 +/- 0.10 pmol.mg-1.min-1]. In contrast, the uptakes of nicotinamide, folic acid, and its metabolic derivative 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were not significantly inhibited by their respective nonlabeled forms. Their uptakes were a linear function of concentration [dissociation constant, 0.173 +/- 0.006, 0.050 +/- 0.002, and 0.031 +/- 0.004 pmol.mg-1.min-1.microM-1, respectively]. Folic acid was absorbed more rapidly than 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and neither vitamin inhibited the absorption of the other. Intestinal uptake of riboflavin and biotin is carrier mediated, whereas uptake of nicotinamide, folic acid, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate occurs by simple diffusion. These mechanisms are similar to those found in mammals for the same vitamins, except for the hydrophobic folates, which are actively transported in mammals but where diffusion may suffice to fulfill metabolic requirements of catfish.

Peroxidases from Tulip Bulbs (Tulipa fosteriana, L.) Oxidize Xenobiotics NNitrosodimethylamine and N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Stiborová ◽  
Hana Hansíková
Keyword(s):  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Peroxidases ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

Tulip bulbs (Tulipa fosteriana, L.) contain peroxidases catalyzing the oxidation of the xenobiotics N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMA). Three anionic (A1, A2, A3) and four cationic (B, C, D, E) peroxidases were purified from this tissue, partially characterized and used for kinetic studies. Demethylation of NDMA and NMA producing formaldehyde is catalyzed by one anionic (A1) and three cationic (C, D, E) peroxidases. The oxidation of NDMA by tulip peroxidases exhibits the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent Michaelis constant and the maximal velocity values for this substrate were determined. On the other hand, non-Michaelian kinetics for the NMA oxidation were observed with tulip peroxidases. The most abundant cationic peroxidase (peroxidase C) was used for detailed enzymatic studies. In addition to formation of formaldehyde, methylaniline, aniline, 4-aminophenol and phenol were found to be metabolites formed from NMA. Phenol was formed presumably by N-demethylation via a benzenediazonium ion, while methylaniline, aniline and 4-aminophenol were products of denitrosation of the substrate. The efficiencies of plant peroxidases to oxidize NDMA and NMA in vitro are compared with those of cytochromes P450 and discussed.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH MEDIUM FORMULATED FROM CATFISH WASTE PEPTONE

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Beuchat
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Luxuriant Growth ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
Proximate Analyses

A water-soluble, heat-stable peptone was extracted-from enzymatically digested channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) heads and skins. Proximate analyses showed that the peptone was composed of 89.02% protein (Kjeldahl N × 6.25), 10.42% ash and 0.44% fat. The peptone contains all amino acids demonstrated to be present in concentrations of greater than 1.0% in six other commercially available microbiological peptones used for comparative purposes in the study. Total cell mass production on catfish and test peptone media by microorganisms representing 13 genera was measured. Catfish peptone supported luxuriant growth of the test organisms and an accumulative average of dry cell mass weights produced by the organisms revealed that the catfish peptone ranked third out of the seven peptones tested. This new peptone offers the clinical and industrial microbiologist a potentially valuable ingredient for formulation of growth and fermentation media.

Folic Acid and Pteroic Acid Related to Anemia of Cultured Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Plumb ◽  
P. R. Liu ◽  
C. E. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Pteroic Acid

Transport and metabolism of water-soluble vitamins in intestine

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. G97-G101
Author(s):  
R. C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Sodium Gradient ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Types Of Information

An overview of intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins is presented. Evidence relating to absorption of ascorbic acid by the "sodium-gradient" hypothesis and folic acid by the "acidic microclimate" hypothesis is discussed. Over the last decade, vitamin absorption by the intestine has been attributed in large part to simple diffusion. Recently, however, this view has been changing as information continues to be gathered which suggests the participation of membrane-bound "carriers" in transport and the involvement of cellular enzymes in metabolism of the vitamins during absorption. The circumstances that make vitamin absorption difficult to investigate are described. A brief look toward the future stresses the types of information that will be helpful to acquire, identifies some technological advances that will promote progress, and discusses potential application of the results to health care. Some reasons are given for confusion that has prevailed in descriptions of vitamin absorption during the last decade; suggestions are made that might help investigators to correct this situation.

Chronic renal failure increases cytosolic Ca2+ of hepatocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. G103-G109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Klin ◽  
M. Smogorzewski ◽  
S. G. Massry
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Hepatic Lipase Activity

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with increased Ca2+ content of liver and reduced hepatic lipase activity. This has been attributed to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of the hepatocytes, but data on this issue are lacking. We examined the [Ca2+]i and ATP content of hepatocytes as well as the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), Ca(2+)-ATPase, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger of hepatic membrane vesicles from normal rats, animals with 6 wk of CRF, CRF normocalcemic parathyroidectomized (CRF-PTX) rats, and CRF and normal animals treated with verapamil (CRF-V, normal-V). [Ca2+]i in hepatocytes of CRF rats was higher (281 +/- 7.4 nM) and ATP lower (6.4 +/- 1.8 nmol/mg protein) than in normal (209 +/- 5.3 nM; 12.5 +/- 0.89 nmol/mg protein), CRF-PTX (212 +/- 1.0 nM; 13.7 +/- 0.79 nmol/mg protein), normal-V (215 +/- 2.3 nM; 14.2 +/- 0.77 nmol/mg protein), and CRF-V rats (209 +/- 7.4 nM; 14.8 +/- 0.72 nmol/10(6) cells). The Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, the maximal velocity of Ca(2+)-ATPase, and the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger were reduced, whereas the Michaelis constant of Ca(2+)-ATPase was increase in CRF rats compared with the other four groups of rats. The values in the latter groups were not different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Chronic effects of a monogenean Ligictaluridus floridanus (Ancyrocephalidae) infection on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) growth performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Luis Rábago-Castro ◽  
Jesús Genaro Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Pérez-Castañeda ◽  
María de la Luz Vázquez-Sauceda ◽  
Gonzálo Ruiz-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
The Impact

In aquaculture, acute infections may result in fish mortality, but in many cases the chronic effects of infections are not readily detected, and may result in a decrease in fish growth. Ligictaluridus floridanus is a gill monogenean parasite prevalent on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) farms in Northeastern Mexico. In order to assess and evaluate the impact of the chronic infection with this monogenean, 400 six-month-old catfish fingerlings from a hatchery, with a fork length of 10–15 cm were used in this study. Catfish naturally infected with L. floridanus (parasite abundance was 18) were divided in two groups of 200 fish. One group was treated with formalin, and infection was eliminated during a week, while the other group was not treated, and was used as a control. In total, 111 fish of each group were selected, placed into aquaria, and observed for 12 weeks. Indicators of growth such as fork length, mean weight, condition index, specific growth rate, feed conversion index and feed consumed were assessed. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the treated group and control were found in the mean weight (127.85 g and 107.63 g) and specific growth rate (1.79 and 1.58), respectively. No significant differences were found in the other growth indicators assessed. We proved that growth performance of channel catfish is affected by infection with L. floridanus, which influence the farm economy. This is the first report on the effect of L. floridanus on the growth performance of channel catfish.

Histopathological Changes in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Experimentally and Naturally Infected with Channel Catfish Virus Disease

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Major ◽  
Joseph P. McCraren ◽  
Charlie E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Response ◽  
Channel Catfish Virus

Two groups of fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), one experimentally infected with channel catfish virus disease by transmission through water, and the other collected during an active epizootic, were examined histologically. Previously unreported pathology of pancreatic and brain tissue is described. The virus elicits a histopathological response similar to that reported for the salmonid viruses.

Plasminogen-Plasmin System IX. Specific Binding of Tranexamic Acid to Plasmin

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Iwamoto
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Similar Affinity ◽  
Fibrin Structure

SummaryInteractions between tranexamic acid and protein were studied in respect of the antifibrinolytic actions of tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid did neither show any interaction with fibrinogen or fibrin, nor was incorporated into cross-linked fibrin structure by the action of factor XIII. On the other hand, tranexamic acid bound to human plasmin with a dissociation constant of 3.5 × 10−5 M, which was very close to the inhibition constant (3.6 × 10−5 M) for this compound in inhibiting plasmin-induced fibrinolysis. The binding site of tranexamic acid on plasmin was not the catalytic site of plasmin, because TLCK-blocked plasmin also showed a similar affinity to tranexamic acid (the dissociation constant, 2.9–4.8 × 10−5 M).In the binding studies with the highly purified plasminogen and TLCK-plasmin preparations which were obtained by affinity chromatography on lysine-substituted Sepharose, the molar binding ratio was shown to be 1.5–1.6 moles tranexamic acid per one mole protein.On the basis of these and other findings, a model for the inhibitory mechanism of tranexamic acid is presented.

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