EEG delta power and auditory arousal in rested and sleep-deprived rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. R648-R655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Opp ◽  
L. A. Toth ◽  
E. A. Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Behavioral Responsiveness

Slow-wave activity in the electroencephalogram is thought to reflect the depth or intensity of sleep. This hypothesis is primarily derived from studies of rats or humans. However, some characteristics of sleep of rabbits differ from those of rats or humans. To determine whether slow-wave activity (power density in the delta frequency band of 0.5-5.0 Hz) correlates with arousability in rabbits, we presented auditory stimuli (72-90 dB) to control or sleep-deprived animals during slow-wave sleep. The resulting behavioral responses, defined by changes in eye state and body posture, and the latency to return to sleep were used as measures of arousability. Behavioral responsiveness to auditory stimuli increased with increasing stimulus intensity in both control and sleep-deprived animals. Overall, however, sleep-deprived animals exhibited fewer postural changes and eye openings than did control rabbits. Sleep-deprived rabbits also more rapidly returned to sleep after the stimulus presentation than did control animals. Latency to return to sleep was correlated with delta power before stimulus presentation, but behavioral responsiveness was not. These data suggest that, in this rabbit model, delta power may not be predictive of behavioral arousability but may reflect sleep propensity.

scholarly journals Investigation of Slow-wave Activity Saturation during Surgical Anesthesia Reveals a Signature of Neural Inertia in Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Warnaby ◽  
Jamie W. Sleigh ◽  
Darren Hight ◽  
Saad Jbabdi ◽  
Irene Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Behavioral Responsiveness ◽  
Dose Responses

Abstract Background Previously, we showed experimentally that saturation of slow-wave activity provides a potentially individualized neurophysiologic endpoint for perception loss during anesthesia. Furthermore, it is clear that induction and emergence from anesthesia are not symmetrically reversible processes. The observed hysteresis is potentially underpinned by a neural inertia mechanism as proposed in animal studies. Methods In an advanced secondary analysis of 393 individual electroencephalographic data sets, we used slow-wave activity dose-response relationships to parameterize slow-wave activity saturation during induction and emergence from surgical anesthesia. We determined whether neural inertia exists in humans by comparing slow-wave activity dose responses on induction and emergence. Results Slow-wave activity saturation occurs for different anesthetics and when opioids and muscle relaxants are used during surgery. There was wide interpatient variability in the hypnotic concentrations required to achieve slow-wave activity saturation. Age negatively correlated with power at slow-wave activity saturation. On emergence, we observed abrupt decreases in slow-wave activity dose responses coincident with recovery of behavioral responsiveness in ~33% individuals. These patients are more likely to have lower power at slow-wave activity saturation, be older, and suffer from short-term confusion on emergence. Conclusions Slow-wave activity saturation during surgical anesthesia implies that large variability in dosing is required to achieve a targeted potential loss of perception in individual patients. A signature for neural inertia in humans is the maintenance of slow-wave activity even in the presence of very-low hypnotic concentrations during emergence from anesthesia.

scholarly journals Scalp EEG interictal high frequency oscillations as an objective EEG biomarker of infantile spasms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nariai ◽  
Shaun A. Hussain ◽  
Danilo Bernardo ◽  
Hirotaka Motoi ◽  
Masaki Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Epileptic Spasms

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic utility of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) via scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) in infantile spasms.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed interictal slow-wave sleep EEGs sampled at 2,000 Hz recorded from 30 consecutive patients who were suspected of having infantile spasms. We measured the rate of HFOs (80-500 Hz) and the strength of the cross-frequency coupling between HFOs and slow-wave activity (SWA) at 3-4 Hz and 0.5-1 Hz as quantified with modulation indices (MIs).ResultsTwenty-three patients (77%) exhibited active spasms during the overnight EEG recording. Although the HFOs were detected in all children, increased HFO rate and MIs correlated with the presence of active spasms (p < 0.001 by HFO rate; p < 0.01 by MIs at 3-4 Hz; p = 0.02 by MIs at 0.5-1 Hz). The presence of active spasms was predicted by the logistic regression models incorporating HFO-related metrics (AUC: 0.80-0.98) better than that incorporating hypsarrhythmia (AUC: 0.61). The predictive performance of the best model remained favorable (87.5% accuracy) after a cross-validation procedure.ConclusionsIncreased rate of HFOs and coupling between HFOs and SWA are associated with active epileptic spasms.SignificanceScalp-recorded HFOs may serve as an objective EEG biomarker for active epileptic spasms.HighlightsObjective analyses of scalp high frequency oscillations and its coupling with slow-wave activity in infantile spasms were feasible.Increased rate of high frequency oscillations and its coupling with slow-wave activity correlated with active epileptic spasms.The scalp high frequency oscillations were also detected in neurologically normal children (although at the low rate).

150 Impact of Behavioral Disorders and their Pharmacological Treatment on the Maturational Trajectories of NREM Slow Wave Activity

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A61-A62
Author(s):  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Anna Ricci ◽  
Fan He ◽  
Jidong Fang ◽  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transition To Adolescence

Abstract Introduction Slow wave activity (SWA) in the delta (0.4-4 Hz) frequency range declines in typically developing (TD) children as they transition to adolescence. However, it remains unknown whether the maturational trajectory of NREM delta power differs between TD youth and those with psychiatric/behavioral disorders. Methods We analyzed the sleep EEG of 664 subjects aged 6 to 21 (46.8% female, 24.7% racial/ethnic minority) from the Penn State Child Cohort, of whom 449 were TD, 123 were un-medicated and diagnosed with psychiatric/behavioral disorders, and 92 were medicated with stimulants, anti-depressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and/or anti-psychotics. Multivariable regression models adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, AHI and PSG system tested the age-related trajectories of NREM delta power within each diagnostic group. Results Delta power in TD and un-medicated youth showed cubic age-related trajectories (both p-cubic&lt;0.05). In TD youth, delta power was highest at age 6.6 and lowest at age 19.9, while in un-medicated youth it was highest at age 8.9 and lowest at age 18.6. The decreasing slope in delta power was 39.7% steeper in un-medicated youth (-22422 ± 5891/year, p&lt;0.01) than TD youth (-16047 ± 2605/year, p&lt;0.01). Delta power in medicated youth showed a distinct linearly decreasing trajectory (-13518 ± 4597/year, p-linear&lt;0.01) from age 6 (highest) to age 21 (lowest). Conclusion TD and un-medicated youth with psychiatric/behavioral disorders show SWA trajectories typical of brain maturation biomarkers (e.g., gray matter volume), characterized by a decreasing slope at the onset of puberty that reaches its nadir by late adolescence. However, SWA in un-medicated youth peaks two years later and reaches its nadir a year earlier than in TD youth. Thus, while TD children experience a smooth decline in SWA in the transition to adolescence, those with psychiatric/behavioral disorders experience a faster steep decline. In contrast, SWA in medicated youth appears to be dampened in early childhood and its slope linearly decreases with age. These data suggest that these youth may have a more severe disorder requiring pharmacological treatment, that the latter produces greater cortical arousability reflected in lower SWA power, and/or that psychoactive medications directly impact normal neurodevelopmental processes (e.g., synaptic pruning). Support (if any) NIH Awards Number R01MH118308, R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127

scholarly journals High-Resolution Spectral Sleep Analysis Reveals a Novel Association Between Slow Oscillations and Memory Retention in Elderly Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kawai ◽  
Logan D. Schneider ◽  
Omer Linkovski ◽  
Josh T. Jordan ◽  
Rosy Karna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Slow Oscillations

Objective: In recognition of the mixed associations between traditionally scored slow wave sleep and memory, we sought to explore the relationships between slow wave sleep, electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra during sleep and overnight verbal memory retention in older adults.Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: Participants were 101 adults without dementia (52% female, mean age 70.3 years). Delayed verbal memory was first tested in the evening prior to overnight polysomnography (PSG). The following morning, subjects were asked to recall as many items as possible from the same List (overnight memory retention; OMR). Partial correlation analyses examined the associations of delayed verbal memory and OMR with slow wave sleep (SWS) and two physiologic EEG slow wave activity (SWA) power spectral bands (0.5–1 Hz slow oscillations vs. 1–4 Hz delta activity).Results: In subjects displaying SWS, SWS was associated with enhanced delayed verbal memory, but not with OMR. Interestingly, among participants that did not show SWS, OMR was significantly associated with a higher slow oscillation relative power, during NREM sleep in the first ultradian cycle, with medium effect size.Conclusions: These findings suggest a complex relationship between SWS and memory and illustrate that even in the absence of scorable SWS, older adults demonstrate substantial slow wave activity. Further, these slow oscillations (0.5–1 Hz), in the first ultradian cycle, are positively associated with OMR, but only in those without SWS. Our findings raise the possibility that precise features of slow wave activity play key roles in maintaining memory function in healthy aging. Further, our results underscore that conventional methods of sleep evaluation may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect associations between SWA and memory in older adults.

Development of diurnal organization of EEG slow-wave activity and slow-wave sleep in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R472-R478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Frank ◽  
H. C. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Old Rats

This study characterizes the development of diurnal patterns of slow-wave sleep (SWS) distribution and SWS electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-power (DP) density in 12- to 24-day-old rats (P12-P24). Diurnal organization in sleep-wake distribution was established by P20. A decline in SWS DP across the light phase did not appear until P24. Before P20, SWS DP increased across the light phase in a pattern inverse to that typically seen in adult rats. At P20, SWS DP was evenly distributed across the light phase, and at P24, SWS DP declined across the light phase. The transient dissociation between diurnal organization in sleep-wake cycles and SWS DP suggests that circadian and homeostatic sleep regulatory mechanisms develop at different rates in the postnatal period.

Role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in stressor-induced alterations of sleep in rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. R400-R407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Chia Chang ◽  
Mark R. Opp
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Impact

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mediates responses to a variety of stressors. We subjected rats to a 1-h period of an acute stressor, physical restraint, and determined the impact on subsequent sleep-wake behavior. Restraint at the beginning of the light period, but not the dark period, increased waking and reduced rapid eye movement sleep without dramatically altering slow-wave sleep (SWS). Electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity during SWS and brain temperature were increased by this manipulation. Central administration of the CRH receptor antagonist astressin blocked the increase in waking after physical restraint, but not during the period of restraint itself. Blockade of CRH receptors with astressin attenuated the restraint-induced elevation of brain temperature, but not the increase of EEG slow-wave activity during subsequent SWS. Although corticosterone increased after restraint in naive animals, it was not altered by this manipulation in rats well habituated to handling and injection procedures. These results suggest that under these conditions central CRH, but not the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is involved in the alterations in sleep-wake behavior and the modulation of brain temperature of rats exposed to physical restraint.

scholarly journals Reduced Regional NREM Sleep Slow-Wave Activity Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Schreiner ◽  
Lukas L. Imbach ◽  
Philipp O. Valko ◽  
Angelina Maric ◽  
Rina Maqkaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Age Related

Growing evidence implicates a distinct role of disturbed slow-wave sleep in neurodegenerative diseases. Reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow-wave activity (SWA), a marker of slow-wave sleep intensity, has been linked with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease pathology. However, it remains debated if SWA is associated with cognition in Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we investigated the relationship of regional SWA with cognitive performance in PD. In the present study, 140 non-demented PD patients underwent polysomnography and were administered the Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to screen for cognitive impairment. We performed spectral analysis of frontal, central, and occipital sleep electroencephalography (EEG) derivations to measure SWA, and spectral power in other frequency bands, which we compared to cognition using linear mixed models. We found that worse MoCA performance was associated with reduced 1–4 Hz SWA in a region-dependent manner (F2, 687 =11.67, p &lt; 0.001). This effect was driven by reduced regional SWA in the lower delta frequencies, with a strong association of worse MoCA performance with reduced 1–2 Hz SWA (F2, 687 =18.0, p &lt; 0.001). The association of MoCA with 1–2 Hz SWA (and 1–4 Hz SWA) followed an antero-posterior gradient, with strongest, weaker, and absent associations over frontal (rho = 0.33, p &lt; 0.001), central (rho = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001), and occipital derivations, respectively. Our study shows that cognitive impairment in PD is associated with reduced NREM sleep SWA, predominantly in lower delta frequencies (1–2 Hz) and over frontal regions. This finding suggests a potential role of reduced frontal slow-wave sleep intensity in cognitive impairment in PD.

Stereotypical spatiotemporal activity patterns during slow-wave activity in the neocortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 3035-3044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fucke ◽  
Dymphie Suchanek ◽  
Martin P. Nawrot ◽  
Yamina Seamari ◽  
Detlef H. Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Preferred Direction

Alternating epochs of activity and silence are a characteristic feature of neocortical networks during certain sleep cycles and deep states of anesthesia. The mechanism and functional role of these slow oscillations (<1 Hz) have not yet been fully characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies show that slow-wave oscillations can be generated autonomously by neocortical tissue but become more regular through a thalamo-cortical feedback loop. Evidence for a functional role of slow-wave activity comes from EEG recordings in humans during sleep, which show that activity travels as stereotypical waves over the entire brain, thought to play a role in memory consolidation. We used an animal model to investigate activity wave propagation on a smaller scale, namely within the rat somatosensory cortex. Signals from multiple extracellular microelectrodes in combination with one intracellular recording in the anesthetized animal in vivo were utilized to monitor the spreading of activity. We found that activity propagation in most animals showed a clear preferred direction, suggesting that it often originated from a similar location in the cortex. In addition, the breakdown of active states followed a similar pattern with slightly weaker direction preference but a clear correlation to the direction of activity spreading, supporting the notion of a wave-like phenomenon similar to that observed after strong sensory stimulation in sensory areas. Taken together, our findings support the idea that activity waves during slow-wave sleep do not occur spontaneously at random locations within the network, as was suggested previously, but follow preferred synaptic pathways on a small spatial scale.

Sa1640 NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF SMALL BOWEL SLOW WAVE ACTIVITY IN NEONATES - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-364
Author(s):  
Suseela Somarajan ◽  
Nicole D. Muszynski ◽  
Aurelia s. Monk ◽  
Joseph D. Olson ◽  
Alexandra Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement
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