Insulin's impact on renal sodium transport and blood pressure in health, obesity, and diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F974-F984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swasti Tiwari ◽  
Shahla Riazi ◽  
Carolyn A. Ecelbarger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sodium Transporters ◽  
Current State ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger ◽  
Insulin Receptor Signaling

Insulin has been shown to have antinatriuretic actions in humans and animal models. Moreover, endogenous hyperinsulinemia and insulin infusion have been correlated to increased blood pressure in some models. In this review, we present the current state of understanding with regard to the regulation of the major renal sodium transporters by insulin in the kidney. Several groups, using primarily cell culture, have demonstrated that insulin can directly increase activity of the epithelial sodium channel, the sodium-phosphate cotransporter, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger type III, and Na-K-ATPase. We and others have demonstrated alterations in the expression at the protein level of many of these same proteins with insulin infusion or in hyperinsulinemic models. We also discuss how this regulation is perturbed in type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Finally, we discuss a potential role for regulation of insulin receptor signaling in the kidney in contributing to sodium balance and blood pressure.

Increased renal Na-K-ATPase, NCC, and β-ENaC abundance in obese Zucker rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. F639-F648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal A. Bickel ◽  
Joseph G. Verbalis ◽  
Mark A. Knepper ◽  
Carolyn A. Ecelbarger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Sodium Transporters ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Epithelial Sodium Channel Enac

Renal sodium retention, as a result of increased abundance of sodium transporters, may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of the increased blood pressure in obesity. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated the relative abundances of renal sodium transporters in lean and obese Zucker rats at 2 and 4 mo of age by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Mean systolic blood pressure was higher in obese rats relative to lean at 3 mo, P < 0.02. Furthermore, circulating insulin levels were 6- or 13-fold higher in obese rats compared with lean at 2 or 4 mo of age, respectively. The abundances of the α1-subunit of Na-K-ATPase, the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC or TSC), and the β-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) were all significantly increased in the obese rats' kidneys. There were no differences for the sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE3), the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2 or BSC1), the type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2), or the α-subunit of ENaC. These selective increases could possibly increase sodium retention by the kidney and therefore could play a role in obesity-related hypertension.

No evidence of amyloidosis in type I diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Diabetes ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Koivisto ◽  
A. M. Teppo ◽  
C. P. Maury ◽  
M. R. Taskinen
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Subcutaneous Insulin

Comparison of fast and slow pressor effects of angiotensin II in the conscious rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. H381-H388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Brown ◽  
J. Casals-Stenzel ◽  
S. Gofford ◽  
A. F. Lever ◽  
J. J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Female Wistar rats were infused intravenously with 5% dextrose for 3 days, then with angiotensin II (ANG II) in 5% dextrose at 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1 for 7 days, and finally with dextrose for 2.5 days. ANG II raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) gradually; by the 7th day it was 49.7 mmHg higher than during the dextrose control period in the same rats. Control rats were infused with dextrose for 12.5 days; MAP did not change. Plasma ANG II concentration was measured during infusion. In hypertensive rats on the 7th day of ANG II infusion, it was six times higher than in control rats infused with dextrose. Changes of blood pressure and plasma ANG II concentration were compared in further rats infused with much larger doses of ANG II. Rats receiving 270 ng . kg-1 . min-1 for 1 h had an almost maximal direct pressor response, MAP rising 45.3 mmHg and plasma ANG II rising 32-fold compared with controls. Thus, infusion of ANG II at low dose without direct pressor effect gradually raises blood pressure to a level similar to the maximum direct pressor effect produced by larger doses of ANG II. Sodium balance and food and water intakes were also measured and did not change during prolonged infusion of ANG II at 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1. Thus, the slow pressure effect of ANG II develops at a lower and more nearly physiological plasma concentration of the peptide than do the direct pressor effect and the effects on drinking, eating, and urinary sodium excretion.

scholarly journals Altered blood pressure during sleep in normotensive subjects with type I diabetes.

Hypertension ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lurbe ◽  
J Redón ◽  
J M Pascual ◽  
J Tacons ◽  
V Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Altered Blood

scholarly journals Blood pressure variability in hemodialysis patients: prognostic significance and treatment possibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
A. S. Tokareva ◽  
N. Yu. Borovkova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Randomized Studies

A present review is devoted to the current state of the problem of blood pressure variability (BPV) in hemodialysis patients. The BPV classification and clinical significance of BPV metrics are discussed. The results of cohort and randomized studies on the high BPV influence on outcomes in hemodialysis patients, as well as on the possibilities of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of high BPV in dialysis patients, are presented.

scholarly journals Comparison of The Effect of Breads Containing Milled Sesame or Flaxseed on Blood Pressure of Patient in Stage I Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moneyreh Modarres Mosadegh ◽  
Mozhgan Modarresi ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Mahdieh Jabinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Type I ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Blind

Introduction: Flaxseed and sesame both are capable of reducing blood pressure, but no studies have been done to compare their effects on hypertension. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breads containing either milled sesame or flaxseed on blood pressure of patients with type I hypertension. Methods: This was a randomized, single blind clinical trial study. Demographic information was obtained from 100 eligible patients and they were randomly allocated to flaxseed or sesame groups. They received breads containing 30 g of either flaxseed or sesame for 14 weeks. Blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI (body mass index) were measured at the beginning, seventh week, and at the end of study. Questionnaires regarding their eating habits and physical activities were also completed at these times. Data was analyzes by SPSS version 16 and independent sample t test and repeated measurement test. Results: Both sesame and flaxseed significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and there was no significant difference. On average, systolic pressure decreased by 9.5 mmHg with sesame and 10 mmHg with flaxseed. Likewise, diastolic blood pressure decreased by 5.05 mmHg with sesame and 5.8 mmHg with flaxseed. BMI and abdominal circumference reduced in both flaxseed (p= 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and sesame (p=0.01 and 0.02, in order). No difference was observed between these groups. Conclusion: Both sesame and flaxseed could similarly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI. Therefore, they could be used as supplements in reducing blood pressure.

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