Constant-flow ventilation of apneic dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Lehnert ◽  
G. Oberdorster ◽  
A. S. Slutsky
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Humidified Air ◽  
Upper Third

The adequacy of constant airway gas flow sustenance of arterial blood gas tensions was investigated in anesthetized-paralyzed mongrel dogs. Gas delivery was achieved via a main-stem bronchi cannulation system constructed of two polyethylene tubes bifurcating at the carina, which rested on the posterior surface of the trachea outside of an endotracheal tube positioned in the upper third of the trachea. Equal flows (total flow = Vin) of humidified air were delivered through each limb of the cannulation system at constant flow rates with Vin ranging from 8 to 28 l/min. Intratracheal pressures at these flows characteristically ranged from 0.1 to 1 cmH2O. Arterial O2 tension varied directly (PaO2 = 0.72 Vin + 74.6), and arterial CO2 tension varied inversely (PaCO2 = -0.73 Vin + 51.2) with Vin during ambient gas, constant-flow ventilation (CFV). During prolonged CFV (greater than 2 h), no evidence of CO2 accumulation or deterioration of PaO2, was observed. This study demonstrates that in apneic dogs normal blood gases can be achieved and maintained over prolonged periods with constant airway flow at low intratracheal pressures.

Arterial blood gases

2007 ◽  
pp. 319-326
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Measurements

Arterial blood gas (ABGs) analysis forms the cornerstone of emergency respiratory investigation. In many situations values obtained dictate management strategy and facilitate decision-making. It is an uncomfortable procedure for the patients and if repeated ABGs are required, consider whether less invasive measures, such as respiratory rate, pulse oximetry or capillary blood gas measurements could be used....

Successful Treatment of Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Failure Using Extracorporeal Membrane Lung Assist

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fumagalli ◽  
T. Kolobow ◽  
P. Arosio ◽  
V. Chen ◽  
D.K. Buckhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Membrane Lung ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Long Term Survivors

A total of 44 preterm fetal lambs at great risk of developing respiratory failure were delivered by Cesarean section, and were then managed on conventional mechanical pulmonary ventilation. Fifteen animals initially fared well, and 14 of these were long term survivors. Twenty-nine other lambs showed a progressive deterioration in arterial blood gases within 30 minutes of delivery, of which 10 lambs were continued on mechanical pulmonary ventilation (20% survival), while the remaining 19 lambs were placed on an extracorporeal membrane lung respiratory assist (79% survival). Extracorporeal membrane lung bypass rapidly corrected arterial blood gas values, and permitted the use of high levels of CPAP instead of the continuation of mechanical pulmonary ventilation at high peak airway pressures. Improvement in lung function was gradual, and predictable. Early institution of extracorporeal respiratory assist using a membrane artificial lung rapidly corrected arterial blood gas values and significantly improved on neonate survival.

scholarly journals Open and Closed Endotracheal Suctioning and Arterial Blood Gas Values: A Single-Blind Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Azam Faraji ◽  
Alireza Khatony ◽  
Gholamreza Moradi ◽  
Alireza Abdi ◽  
Mansour Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Open Technique ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

Aim. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of the open and closed suctioning techniques on the arterial blood gas values in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.Methods. In a clinical trial, we recruited 42 patients after open-heart surgery in an educational hospital. Each patient randomly underwent both open and closed suctioning. ABGs, PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2, were analyzed before and one, five, and fifteen minutes after each suctioning episode.Results. At first the pressure of oxygen in arterial blood increased; however, this increase in the open technique was greater than that of the closed system(P<0.001). The pressure of oxygen decreased five and fifteen minutes after both suctioning techniques(P<0.05). The trends of carbon dioxide variations after the open and closed techniques were upward and downward, respectively. Moreover, the decrease in the level of oxygen saturation five and fifteen minutes after the open suctioning was greater than that of the closed suctioning technique(P<0.05).  Conclusion. Arterial blood gas disturbances in the closed suctioning technique were less than those of the open technique. Therefore, to eliminate the unwanted effects of endotracheal suctioning on the arterial blood gases, the closed suctioning technique is recommended.

Catheter position and blood gases during constant-flow ventilation

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Slutsky ◽  
A. S. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Catheter Position ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Tracheal Carina ◽  
Co2 Elimination

We studied the effect of catheter position and flow rate on gas exchange during constant-flow ventilation (CFV) in eight anesthetized, paralyzed dogs. The distal tips of the insufflation catheters were positioned 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 cm from the tracheal carina. Flow rates were varied between 10 and 55 l/min and steady-state arterial blood gases were measured. At a given flow rate, arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) decreased as CFV was administered further into the lung up to a distance of 3.5 cm from the carina; there were no significant differences in PaCO2 at 3.5 and 5.0 cm. For a given catheter position, PaCO2 decreased with increasing flow rate up to a flow rate of 40 l/min. Further increases in flow rate had no significant effect on PaCO2. Arterial O2 pressure (PaO2) was relatively constant at all flow rates and catheter positions. We conclude that, up to a point, CO2 elimination can be improved by positioning the catheters further into the lung; advancing the catheters further than 3.5 cm from the carina may cause over-ventilation of specific lung regions resulting in a relative plateau in CO2 elimination and relatively constant PaO2's. Positioning the catheters further into the lung permits the use of lower flow rates, thus potentially minimizing the risk of barotrauma.

scholarly journals Use of artificial intelligence and neural network algorithms to predict arterial blood gas items in trauma victims

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Shayan ◽  
Mohammad Sabouri ◽  
Leila Shayan ◽  
Shahram Paydar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Golden Standard

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrauma is the third leading cause of death in the world and the first cause of death among people younger than 44 years. In traumatic patients, especially those who are injured early in the day, arterial blood gas (ABG) is considered a golden standard because it can provide physicians with important information such as detecting the extent of internal injury, especially in the lung. However, measuring these gases by laboratory methods is a time-consuming task in addition to the difficulty of sampling the patient. The equipment needed to measure these gases is also expensive, which is why most hospitals do not have this equipment. Therefore, estimating these gases without clinical trials can save the lives of traumatic patients and accelerate their recovery.MethodsIn this study, a method based on artificial neural networks for the aim of estimation and prediction of arterial blood gas is presented by collecting information about 2280 traumatic patients. In the proposed method, by training a feed-forward backpropagation neural network (FBPNN), the neural network can only predict the amount of these gases from the patient’s initial information. The proposed method has been implemented in MATLAB software, and the collected data have tested its accuracy, and its results are presented.ResultsThe results show 87.92% accuracy in predicting arterial blood gas. The predicted arterial blood gases included PH, PCO2, and HCO3, which reported accuracy of 99.06%, 80.27%, and 84.43%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method has relatively good accuracy in predicting arterial blood gas.ConclusionsGiven that this is the first study to predict arterial blood gas using initial patient information(systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), and age), and based on the results, the proposed method could be a useful tool in assisting hospital and laboratory specialists, to be used.

scholarly journals International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC): Scientific Division, Committee on pH, Blood Gases and Electrolytes:Guidelines for Transcutaneouspo2andpco2Measurement

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Wimberley ◽  
R. W. Burnett ◽  
A. K. Covington ◽  
A. H. J. Maas ◽  
O. Mueller-Plathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Measuring Site

This document provides guidelines for the terminology, methodology, and for the interpretation of data obtained from the use of skin (transcutaneous)po2andpco2electrodes. The transcutaneous technique has found special application in newborn infants. The causes of analytical bias with respect to arterial blood gas values, and imprecision obtained with transcutaneouspco2electrodes, are reviewed. Electrode temperatures above 44°C should not be used routinely, and, at a measuring temperature of 44°C, the measuring site should be changed at least every 4 h to avoid skin burns.

scholarly journals Interpretation of arterial blood gases

Pulse ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
CP Dokwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Life Threatening

Measuring arterial blood gas is routinely performed in critically ill patients, and may unravel severe life-threatening acid-base disorders or hypoxemia. It provides the vital information about ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base status in such persons. These three processes are intimately related to each other in achieving normal oxygenation and acid-balance in the body.The interpretation of arterial blood gas requires a reasonable understanding of respiratory physiology and acid-base balance in the body. Hence, in the following section, first the role of alveolar ventilation, oxygenation, and the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis have been discussed. This is followed by a step-wise approach to analyze the acid-base disorders, if present.DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v3i1.6547Pulse Vol.3(1) July 2009 p15-19

Arterial Blood Gas Abnormalities in Patients with Dizziness

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuko Morinaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Menière's Disease ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Ménière's Disease

Arterial blood gases were analyzed in 121 patients with dizziness. Sixty-one showed arterial blood gas abnormalities in the dizziness period. An increase in bicarbonate was seen in 57, increases in both bicarbonate and arterial carbon dioxide pressure in 8, and a low arterial oxygen pressure in 22 patients. The frequency of the abnormalities was significantly higher in those with central-peripheral diseases than in those with Meniere's disease. Arterial blood gases were also checked at random in the remission period in 22 patients. The frequency of dizziness recurrence was significantly higher in patients with the abnormalities in the remission period than in patients without them. These results indicate that approximately half of the patients with dizziness tend to have arterial blood gas abnormalities in the dizziness period. It is suggested that arterial blood gas abnormalities cause temporary vestibular dehabituation that increases the frequency of dizziness in central-peripheral diseases and Meniere's disease.

scholarly journals Arterialised Capillary Blood Gases in Accident and Emergency Department Patients - a Reliable Alternative to Arterial Sampling?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Shakur ◽  
Suzanne Mason
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emergency Department Patients

OBJECTIVES: Many patients with respiratory complaints who present to the Accident & Emergency (A & E) department have an arterial blood gas analysis performed at some point. It is our belief that there is no difference between arterial and capillary blood gas values in patients presenting to the A & E department. It is also anticipated that body temperature and blood pressure may play a part, so these will also be reported and associations will be investigated. METHODS: Patients who require arterial blood gas analysis at any stage during their stay in the A & E department at the Northern General hospital of Sheffield are eligible for inclusion in the study. In total there were 32 patients. PROCEDURE:Transvasin cream was applied to the ear lobe to improve local blood flow by dilating the capillaries. When ten minutes have elapsed after the application of the Transvasin cream, a capillary sample is taken from the ear lobe by the researchers. CONCLUSION: From the t-tests conducted, no significant difference was seen between the arterial and capillary blood gas samples for the parameters pO2 and O2 saturation. However, for pCO2, pH and [HCO3] there were significant differences observed. This result seems to disagree with the findings of most other studies that have so far shown stronger correlations generally for pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate, than for oxygen measuring parameters.

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