Automatic mechanical alveolar gas sampler for multiple-sample collection in field

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1436-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Maret ◽  
J. O. Billups ◽  
R. M. Peters ◽  
J. B. West
Keyword(s):  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Sampling Sequence ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Gas Sampler

A mechanical alveolar gas sampler using the revolver principle capable of collecting six individual expired gas samples is described. The 0.91-kg sampler collects 19-ml samples in pre-evacuated aluminum ampoules equipped with spring-loaded valves from a sampling chamber equipped with two removable one-way valves. On depression of external handles, one of six ampoules located in a removable cartridge is aligned and advanced into the sampling chamber where its valve is opened and then closed. Releasing the handles removes the ampoule from the sampling chamber and automatically rotates the cartridge through 60 degrees to position a new ampoule in preparation for the next sampling sequence. A lock-out mechanism prevents reexposure of any of the ampoules after six samples have been taken. The performance of the sampler is described including its successful use in the field to collect alveolar gas samples on the summit of Mount Everest.

A Mixed Expired Gas Sampler

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
SISM K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Expired Gas ◽  
Gas Sampler

scholarly journals A versatile and reproducible automatic injection system for liquid standard introduction: application to in-situ calibration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1937-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Isaacman ◽  
N. M. Kreisberg ◽  
D. R. Worton ◽  
S. V. Hering ◽  
A. H. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Liquid Standard ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Trace Compounds

Abstract. The quantitation of trace organic compounds in ambient organic aerosol is difficult due to the chemical complexity of these mixtures, but is needed to provide insight into their sources and formation processes. Compound-level characterization of organic aerosols is typically performed through sample collection followed by gas or liquid chromatography. With these methods, introduction of liquid standards has long been used as an effective means of quantifying trace compounds, but automating this technique for use with in-situ instrumentation has not previously been achieved. Here we develop an automatic injection system (AutoInject) for the introduction of liquids into a custom collection and analysis cell for improved quantitation in chromatographic measurements. The system consists of chilled reservoirs containing liquid standards from which a sample loop is loaded and then injected into the cell. The AutoInject is shown to be reproducible over 106 injections with a relative standard deviation of 1.5%, and have negligible injection-to-injection carryover. A 6-port selector allows injection of different liquid standards separately or simultaneously. Additionally, automatic injection of multiple sample loops is shown to generate a linear multi-point calibration curve. Tests conducted in this work focus on use with the Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (TAG), but the flexibility of the system allows it to be used for a variety of applications.

scholarly journals Genetic subtyping of Escherichia coli O157 isolates from 41 Pacific Northwest USA cattle farms

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. RICE ◽  
K. M. McMENAMIN ◽  
L. C. PRITCHETT ◽  
D. D. HANCOCK ◽  
T. E. BESSER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Cattle Farms

Escherichia coli O157 (n = 376) from 41 cattle farms were subtyped using pulsed field gel electrophoresis of endonuclease cleaved chromosomal DNA. Cleavage with XbaI resulted in 81 subtypes. Fifty-one isolates from subtypes found in more than one herd, or in herds on multiple sample collection dates were compared using the endonuclease NotI, resulting in 23 additional subtypes. Up to 11 XbaI subtypes were found per farm with up to 7 subtypes/farm identified from a single date. Indistinguishable subtypes (both XbaI and NotI) were found to persist on 4 farms for 6–24 months. Five subtypes were found on more than one farm separated by up to 640 km. Dairy farms where cattle had moved onto the farm had a similar number of subtypes as farms with no movement of cattle, and feedlots had more subtypes than dairy farms. These data indicate that there is a mechanism for multiple herd exposure to specific subtypes, there are multiple sources of exposure for cattle on farms, and on-farm reservoirs other than cattle may exist.

Microcomputer monitor and blood sampler for free-diving Weddell seals

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1570-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sample Collection ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Laboratory Computer ◽  
Roller Pump ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Swimming Depth ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Multiple Sample

The equipment used for the first sampling of arterial blood at depth on free-diving Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli is described. Blood was withdrawn through an aortic catheter by a submersible, peristaltic roller pump and stored in a single- or multiple-sample collection device. The multiple sampler allowed up to eight individual blood samples to be collected during a single dive. The blood pump was controlled by a dedicated microcomputer that allowed initiation of blood sampling at flexible combinations of depth and/or time during either the descending or ascending phase of the dive. The dedicated microcomputer also recorded swimming depth, velocity, heart rate, and body temperature at selectable time intervals. These data were transmitted to a laboratory computer, and blood samples were retrieved, when the seal surfaced to breathe.

scholarly journals A versatile and reproducible automatic injection system for liquid standard introduction: application to in-situ calibration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3233-3249
Author(s):  
G. Isaacman ◽  
N. M. Kreisberg ◽  
D. R. Worton ◽  
S. V. Hering ◽  
A. H. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Liquid Standard ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Trace Compounds

Abstract. The quantitation of trace organic compounds in ambient organic aerosol is difficult due to the chemical complexity of these mixtures, but is needed to provide insight into their sources and formation processes. Compound-level characterization of organic aerosols is typically performed through sample collection followed by gas or liquid chromatography. With these methods, introduction of liquid standards has long been used as an effective means of quantifying trace compounds, but automating this technique for use with in-situ instrumentation has not previously been achieved. Here we develop an automatic injection system (AutoInject) for the introduction of liquids into a custom collection and analysis cell for improved quantitation in chromatographic measurements. The system consists of chilled reservoirs containing liquid standards from which a sample loop is loaded and then injected into the cell. The AutoInject is shown to have reproducibility over 106 injections with a relative standard deviation of 1.5 %, and have negligible injection-to-injection carryover. A 6-port selector allows injection of different liquid standards separately or simultaneously. Additionally, automatic injection of multiple sample loops is shown to generate a linear multi-point calibration curve. Tests conducted in this work focus on use with the Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (TAG), but the flexibility of the system allows it to be used for a variety of applications.

scholarly journals Mu-DNA: a modular universal DNA extraction method adaptable for a wide range of sample types

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e24556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham S. Sellers ◽  
Cristina Di Muri ◽  
Africa Gómez ◽  
Bernd Hänfling
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Dna Extraction Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Yield And Purity

Efficient DNA extraction is fundamental to molecular studies. However, commercial kits are expensive when a large number of samples need to be processed. Here we present a simple, modular and adaptable DNA extraction ‘toolkit’ for the isolation of high purity DNA from multiple sample types (modular universal DNA extraction method or Mu-DNA). We compare the performance of our method to that of widely used commercial kits across a range of soil, stool, tissue and water samples. Mu-DNA produced DNA extractions of similar or higher yield and purity to that of the commercial kits. As a proof of principle, we carried out replicate fish metabarcoding of aquatic eDNA extractions, which confirmed that the species detection efficiency of our method is similar to that of the most frequently used commercial kit. Our results demonstrate the reliability of Mu-DNA along with its modular adaptability to challenging sample types and sample collection methods. Mu-DNA can substantially reduce the costs and increase the scope of experiments in molecular studies.

Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3991-3999
Author(s):  
Benjamin van der Woerd ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Vijay Parsa ◽  
Philip C. Doyle ◽  
Kevin Fung
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Recording Conditions ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice. Method A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency ( f o ), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic ( n = 10) and normal ( n = 10), male ( n = 5) and female ( n = 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male ( n = 12) and female ( n = 12) speakers evaluated. Results The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges. Conclusions Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.

Issues in Language Sample Collection and Analysis With Children Using AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Van Tatenhove
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Language Sample

Language sample analysis is considered one of the best methods of evaluating expressive language production in speaking children. However, the practice of language sample collection and analysis is complicated for speech-language pathologists working with children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. This article identifies six issues regarding use of language sample collection and analysis in clinical practice with children who use AAC devices. The purpose of this article is to encourage speech-language pathologists practicing in the area of AAC to utilize language sample collection and analysis as part of ongoing AAC assessment.

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