Measurement of total respiratory impedance in infants by the forced oscillation technique

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 770-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Desager ◽  
W. Buhr ◽  
M. Willemen ◽  
H. P. van Bever ◽  
W. de Backer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bias Flow ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Ventilatory Lung Function

The forced oscillation technique according to Landser et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 41:101–106, 1976) was modified for use in infants. Adaptations, including a flexible tube to connect the infant to the measuring system and a bias flow to avoid rebreathing, did not influence impedance values. The linearity of the respiratory system was assessed and confirmed by 1) applying pseudo-random noise oscillations at three different amplitudes to 7 infants and 2) comparing in 12 infants impedance values obtained with pseudo-random noise and with sinusoidal oscillations at 12 and 32 Hz. Intersubject variability, averaged for all frequencies, was 6%. In 17 infants the relative error (+/- SD) between two series of five measurements within a time interval of 15 min was 0.5 +/- 5.7%. No statistically significant difference was found between impedance values before and after repositioning of the infant's head, whereas rotation resulted in a decrease in resistance and no effect on reactance. Our results indicate that the infant-adapted forced pseudo-random noise oscillation technique has the potential to give valuable information about ventilatory lung function in infants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of color stability of different temporary restorative materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Minani ◽  
Adriana Cristina Zavanelli ◽  
Caroline Cantieri de Mello ◽  
Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractIntroductionTemporary restorative materials are widely used, however, little is know about their color stability.Objectiveto evaluate the color stability of the following temporary restorative materials: acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in pigmenting solutions for different periods of storage.Material and methodFour materials were tested (Dêncor/Clássico, Protemp 4/3M ESPE; Structur 2 SC/Voco; Luxatemp AM Plus/DMG) and 30 test specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) per material were fabricated. They were divided according to the storage medium (artificial saliva, saliva + cola type soda, and saliva + coffee) and storage time intervals (2, 5, 7 and 15 days). Color measurements were made before and after immersions, with use of a spectrophotometer, by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey Test, at a level of significance of 5%.ResultAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). When bis-acrylic resins were compared no significant difference was observed between the resins Structur and Luxatemp (p=0.767). As regards solutions tested, coffee showed the highest color change values (p<0.001), and the longer the storage time interval, the greater was the color change in all the temporary restorative materials analyzed (p<0.001).ConclusionAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). Coffee caused the greatest color change, and immersion time was determinant in color stability of the temporary materials analyzed.

Resistance and reactance of the excised human larynx, trachea, and main bronchi

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. X. Jiang ◽  
M. Cauberghs ◽  
K. P. Van de Woestijne
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Oscillatory Flow ◽  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
Before And After

We investigated the impedance of excised preparations of the human larynx before and after resection of the vocal cords and of the trachea whether or not in connection with the main bronchi for steady (75–700 ml.s-1) and oscillatory flows (4–64 Hz). To simulate the influence of respiratory flow on oscillatory resistance (Rosc), oscillatory and steady flow were superimposed. This resulted in a marked increase of Rosc, dependent on the value of steady flow, a change of the frequency dependence of Rosc, and a decrease of the reactance. The latter effects were particularly pronounced in the preparations of the larynx, especially with a narrow glottis opening. The influence of steady flow on oscillatory resistances is probably the expression of interactions of steady and oscillatory flow regimes in the larynx. Similar but less pronounced interactions are also met in the trachea. These effects lead to a systematic overestimation of upper airway resistance when measured during spontaneous breathing by means of a forced oscillation technique.

Enhanced airway dilation by positive-pressure inflation of the lungs compared with active deep inspiration in patients with asthma

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies M. Slats ◽  
Kirsten Janssen ◽  
Ronald C. de Jeu ◽  
Dirk T. van der Plas ◽  
Robert Schot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Deep Inspiration ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response Group

Deep inspiration temporarily reduces induced airways obstruction in healthy subjects. This bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration is impaired in asthma. Passive machine-assisted lung inflation may augment bronchodilation compared with an active deep inspiration in patients with asthma by either opening closed airways or by reducing fluid flux across the airway wall during deep inspiration, and thereby increasing the tethering forces on the airway wall. We recruited 24 patients with asthma [18–46 yr old, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) > 70% predicted; provocative concentration of methacholine inducing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) < 8 mg/ml], with either an impaired ( n = 12) or an intact ( n = 12) bronchodilatory response to deep inspiration. Two methacholine challenges were performed on separate days. At a 50% increase in respiratory resistance (forced oscillation technique at 8 Hz), the change in resistance by a positive-pressure inflation (computer-driven syringe) or an active deep inspiration was measured in randomized order. The reduction in resistance by positive-pressure inflation was significantly greater than by active deep inspiration in the impaired deep inspiration response group (mean change ± SE: −0.6 ± 0.1 vs. −0.03 ± 0.2 cmH2O·l−1·s, P = 0.002). No significant difference was found between positive-pressure inflation and active deep inspiration in the intact deep inspiration response group (−0.6 ± 0.2 vs. −1.0 ± 0.3 cmH2O·l−1·s, P = 0.18). Positive-pressure inflation of the lungs can significantly enhance deep inspiration-induced bronchodilation in patients with asthma.

Periovulatory endocrinology in high ovulating Meishan sows

1996 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Hunter ◽  
H M Picton ◽  
C Biggs ◽  
G E Mann ◽  
A S McNeilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Large White ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the hormone profiles (oestradiol, LH, FSH, inhibin, progesterone) in high ovulating Meishan sows (MS; n = 9) and in contemporary Large-White hybrid control sows (LW; n = 9) during the follicular phase, the periovulatory period and the early luteal phase. Ovulation rate was higher in MS than LW animals (23·7 and 16·6 respectively; P<0·001) and overall was correlated with the area of the oestradiol peak (P<0·05) and inhibin concentrations (P<0·05). Both the duration of and the area of the oestradiol peak were greater in MS than LW (P<0·01; P<0·02), as were inhibin concentrations both before and after the LH surge (P<0·05). Neither basal nor peak concentrations of LH or FSH differed between the breeds (P>0·05), although FSH concentrations were correlated with the area under the oestradiol peak (P<0·05). Finally, the time-interval from the onset of the LH surge until the rise in plasma progesterone was shorter in MS than LW (54·5 and 74·3 h respectively; P<0·01). In conclusion, these results show for the first time that the higher ovulation rate in MS is associated with enhanced oestradiol and inhibin secretion with no significant difference in LH or FSH concentrations. The more rapid luteinization response to the LH surge by MS in terms of plasma progesterone concentrations may be important in ensuring the high level of embryo survival in this breed. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 141–147

scholarly journals Short-term variability of airway caliber—a marker of asthma?

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantale Diba ◽  
Cheryl M. Salome ◽  
Helen K. Reddel ◽  
C. William Thorpe ◽  
Brett Toelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Methacholine Challenge ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Supine Posture ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Term Variability

Variability in airway caliber is a characteristic feature of asthma. Previous studies reported that the variability in respiratory system impedance (Zrs), measured by the forced oscillation technique during several minutes of tidal breathing, is increased in asthma and may be a marker of inherent instability of the airways. The aims of this study were to determine if short-term variability in impedance correlates with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The SD of log-transformed impedance (lnZrsSD) was measured as a marker of short-term variability and compared with the diurnal variability of PEF over 2 wk in 28 asthmatic and 7 nonasthmatic subjects and with AHR to histamine in a cohort of 17 asthmatic and 82 nonasthmatic subjects. In addition, lnZrsSD was measured in eight nonasthmatic subjects before and after methacholine challenge in the upright and supine positions. There were no significant differences in lnZrsSD between asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects ( P = 0.68). Furthermore, in asthmatic subjects, lnZrsSD did not correlate with diurnal variability of PEF ( rs = −0.12 P = 0.54) or with AHR to histamine ( r = 0.10, P = 0.71). Neither methacholine challenge nor supine posture caused any significant change in lnZrsSD. We conclude that our findings do not support previous reports about the utility of short-term variability of impedance. Our findings suggest that, using standard methods for forced oscillometry, impedance variability does not provide clinically useful information about the severity of asthma.

Airway Responsiveness Measured by Forced Oscillation Technique in Severely Obese Patients, before and after Bariatric Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Zerah-Lancner ◽  
Laurent Boyer ◽  
Saida Rezaiguia-Delclaux ◽  
Marie-Pia D’Ortho ◽  
Xavier Drouot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Severely Obese

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

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