Sarcomere length and capillary curvature of rat hindlimb muscles in vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2047-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ledvina ◽  
S. S. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
The Right

Mammalian skeletal muscle fibers have been reported to develop maximum force at a sarcomere length (Ls) of approximately 2.5 microns. However, the functional range of muscle length (Lm) and Ls encountered by skeletal muscle in vivo is not well defined. Changes in Ls markedly influence capillary geometry, but this effect has been shown only in fixed preparations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of limb position on Lm, Ls, and capillary geometry in living undisturbed hindlimb muscles. We tested the hypothesis that maximal excursion of the foot would have similar effects on Ls and capillary geometry of antagonistic soleus (Sol) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in vivo. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9; 243 +/- 3 g) were anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium; 35 mg/kg). The right Sol and EDL muscles were exposed and irrigated with physiological saline solution (34 degrees C; pH 7.4). Sarcomeres and capillaries were observed with video microscopy (total magnification x 1,900; spatial resolution < 1 micron); sarcomeres were labeled with a fluorescent dye [4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide]. As foot angle increased from 30 degrees (maximal dorsiflexion) to 170 degrees (maximal plantarflexion), Lm and Ls increased for EDL muscles (27.51 +/- 0.42 to 30.97 +/- 0.25 mm and 2.33 +/- 0.01 to 3.09 +/- 0.05 microns, respectively; P < 0.05) and decreased for Sol muscles (26.09 +/- 0.38 to 20.27 +/- 0.34 mm and 3.17 +/- 0.03 to 2.22 +/- 0.04 microns, respectively; P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Muscle length alters geometry of arterioles and venules in hamster retractor

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. H336-H344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakao ◽  
S. S. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

We investigated how changes in muscle length (Lm) would alter the geometry of arterioles and venules and whether such an effect would depend on the orientation of microvessels to muscle fibers. The parallel-fibered retractor muscle of anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 65 mg/kg) male hamsters (n = 20, 105 +/- 4 g) was exposed and irrigated with physiological saline solution (pH 7.4; 35 degrees C). Sarcomere length (Ls) was measured at x2,400 magnification after topical application (3 min, 10(-5) M) of a fluorescent dye [4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide]. In vivo Ls at resting Lm (i.e., at Lm = 100%) was 3.00 +/- 0.02 microns. The origin and insertion of the retractor were cut, and the muscle was reflected dorsally while the circulation arising from the ventral surface was preserved. Polystyrene “tendons” were glued to each end of the muscle to control Lm, which was varied in 10% increments from 80 to 130% of in situ Lm; Ls increased linearly (r2 = 0.82) from 2.58 +/- 0.03 to 3.89 +/- 0.07 microns, respectively. Arteriole and venule branches and the centerline of “Y” bifurcations were classified based on orientation angles (theta) with respect to muscle fibers at Lm = 100%; three categories were defined using trigonometry (detailed in the APPENDIX) based on microvessel behavior during changes in Lm: parallel (P), 0 degree < or = theta < or = 32.6 degrees; intermediate (I), 32.6 degrees < theta < 59.4 degrees; and normal (N), 59.4 degrees < or = theta < or = 90 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Effect of Whole Bee Venom on Arthritis

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Soo Kang ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak ◽  
Seok Hwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Honeybee Venom ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Right

This study was performed to assess the clincotherapeutic effect of whole venom of honeybee (Apis mellifera) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hind paw. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after CFA injection. The experiments were divided into three groups. When arthritis was developed in the rat, tested groups were administered with prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or honeybee venom (one bee, s.c.) every other day for another 14 days. Control group was injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution subcutaneously. Clinical and hematological values with histopathological findings were observed during the drug administration. In treatment groups, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis was suppressed. No significant differences of hind paw edema volume and lameness score between prednisolone and honeybee venom groups were observed during treatment. White blood cell counts of control group showed leucocytosis that was significantly different from the two treatment groups (p < 0.01). Erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations into interphalangeal joint were effectively suppressed in treated groups. In conclusion, whole honeybee venom was found to suppress arthritic inflammation in the rat. This may be an alternative treatment of arthritic agony in humans.

scholarly journals In vivo uptake of [14C]leucine by skeletal muscle ribosomes after injury in rats fed two levels of protein

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Young ◽  
P. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Vivo Uptake

1. After 14 days on a diet containing 5 or 25% casein male rats received a fracture of the left femur. Four hours before they were killed the injured and control rats were injected with [1-14C]leucine; the incorporation of radioactivity into an isolated fraction of skeletal muscle ribosomes was studied 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 228 h after injury.2. The incorporation of [14C]leucine into the ribosome fraction in right thigh muscles dropped to 40% of control values 72 h after fracture in well-nourished rats and after 96 h with diets containing 5 or 25%, casein.3. The specific activity of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction of muscle from injured rats was equal to or higher than that of the controls during the first 72 h but lower at 96 h.4. These results suggest that a reduced incorporation of amino acids by ribosomes from the right thigh muscle occurred on day 3 after fracture in the group receiving 25% casein but not in the group receiving 5% casein.5. Muscle RNA and DNA concentrations were not affected by the injury.6. The relationship between these findings and the loss of muscle N after injury is discussed.

Effect of sarcomere length on total capillary length in skeletal muscle: In vivo evidence for longitudinal stretching of capillaries

1990 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Ellis ◽  
O. Mathieu-Costello ◽  
R.F. Potter ◽  
I.C. MacDonald ◽  
A.C. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Capillary Length

Effect of inactivity and passive stretch on protein turnover in phasic and postural rat muscles

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Loughna ◽  
G. Goldspink ◽  
D. F. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Suspension Model ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Passive Stretch

A state of hypokinesia and hypodynamia has been induced in the hindlimb muscles of the rat (100 g) using a suspension model. The ensuing muscle atrophy was assessed by reference to muscles in fully mobile control animals, which were either fed ad libitum or fed the same lower food intake of the suspended animals. Over a total of 7 days of suspension the slow-twitch postural soleus muscle underwent a much greater atrophy than the fast-twitch phasic extensor digitorum longus. Changes with respect to the position of the suspended foot, and hence muscle length, necessitate caution in comparing the extent of the atrophy between different muscle types. After 3 days of inactivity the atrophy of the soleus muscle was explained by a 21% decrease in the fractional rate of synthesis (measured in vivo) and a 100% increase in the rate of protein breakdown. The reduction in the synthetic rate was associated with a net loss (23%) of RNA and hence muscle ribosomes. In contrast when this inactive soleus muscle was permanently stretched the RNA content (44%) and protein synthetic rate increased (59%) markedly above control values. Although protein breakdown remained elevated in this stretched muscle, the extent of the atrophy in response to hypokinesia and hypodynamia was greatly reduced.

In vivo supraspinatus muscle contractility and architecture in rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412
Author(s):  
Sydnee A. Hyman ◽  
Mackenzie B. Norman ◽  
Shanelle N. Dorn ◽  
Shannon N. Bremner ◽  
Mary C. Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Supraspinatus Muscle ◽  
Contractile Stress ◽  
Maximum Isometric Force

We introduce an improved method to assess rabbit supraspinatus muscle physiology. Maximum isometric force measured for the rabbit supraspinatus was dramatically greater than previous reports in the literature. Consequently, the isometric contractile stress reported is almost 10 times greater than previous reports of rabbit supraspinatus, but similar to available literature of other mammalian skeletal muscle. We show that previous reports of peak supraspinatus isometric force were subphysiological by ∼90%

THE APPARENT EXTRACELLULAR SPACE OF MAMMALIAN SKELETAL MUSCLE: A COMPARISON OF THE INULIN SPACE IN NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC MOUSE TISSUES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Burr ◽  
H. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Excised Tissues ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

The apparent extracellular volumes of the muscles from young normal and dystrophic mice have been estimated, using inulin dilution techniques. The inulin spaces were measured in the muscle both following injection of inulin in vivo and after soaking of excised tissues in a solution containing inulin. Comparisons were made between muscles of different size from the same animal as well as from different animals whose age, and consequently muscle size, varied. In all cases it has been found that the inulin space decreases with increasing muscle size. Similar results have been obtained by others with toad sartorii. The inulin space in muscles from dystrophic mice is larger than that of comparable normal tissues, and the dependence on muscle size, although similar to normal, is more pronounced. The results suggest that the dystrophic cells are permeable to inulin, and the question that some small permeability may be present also in normal tissue is considered.

scholarly journals Effects of myofiber isolation technique on sarcolemma biomechanics

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Karla P Garcia-Pelagio ◽  
Stephen JP Pratt ◽  
Richard M Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Isolation Technique ◽  
Enzymatic Dissociation ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements

Isolated myofibers are commonly used to understand the function of skeletal muscle in vivo. This can involve single isolated myofibers obtained from dissection or from enzymatic dissociation. Isolation via dissection allows control of sarcomere length and preserves tendon attachment but is labor-intensive, time-consuming and yields few viable myofibers. In contrast, enzymatic dissociation is fast and facile, produces hundreds of myofibers, and more importantly reduces the number of muscles/animals needed for studies. Biomechanical properties of the sarcolemma have been studied using myofibers from the extensor digitorum longus, but this has been limited to dissected myofibers, making data collection slow and difficult. We have modified this tool to perform biomechanical measurements of the sarcolemma in dissociated myofibers from the flexor digitorum brevis.

In vivo leucine oxidation at rest and during two intensities of exercise

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Lemon ◽  
F. J. Nagle ◽  
J. P. Mullin ◽  
N. J. Benevenga
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tracer Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
14Co2 Production

After ingestion of a mixed diet containing a tracer dose (10 muCi) of L-[1–14C]leucine (Leu), 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (70–90 g) remained at rest (R) or completed 1 h exercise at 80 (E80) or 40% VO2max (E40). 14CO2 production was assessed for 6 h (exercise occurred from h 2 to 3). Four rats were killed at 2, 3, 4, and 6 h (R), at 3 and 6 h (E80), and at 6 h (E40). Determinations were 1) tissue specific activity dpm X mumol-1 from a) mixed skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and hamstrings) and b) liver and 2) radioactivity remaining in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Leu oxidized (mumol) was estimated (14 CO2 dpm X tissue sp act dpm-1 X mumol-1) independently from skeletal muscle and liver. Results were 1) 14CO2 production increased in both E80 and E40 compared with R (P less than 0.05), 2) E80 14CO2 increase was greater than E40 (P less than 0.05), 3) GIT absorption was reduced in E80 and E40 compared with R (P less than 0.05), and 4) exercise Leu oxidation (weighted average of tissue estimates) was 26% greater than R (P less than 0.05). The origin and site of the increased Leu oxidation cannot be determined from the present data; however, due to the magnitude of increase in skeletal muscle metabolism relative to other tissues during exercise, it is probable that skeletal muscle plays a significant role.

The Effects of α-Viniferin on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Yeong Lee ◽  
Joong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Seong Soo Kang ◽  
Chun Sik Bae ◽  
Seok Hwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Point ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
The Right

This study was performed to assess the efficacy of α-viniferin (Carex humilis Leyss) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) containing 7.5 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 1 ml sterile paraffin oil into the right hind paw. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the initial point of arthritis development on day 7 after CFA injection. Rats were divided into four groups, and upon development of arthritis, tested groups were orally administered 3 or 10 mg/kg α-viniferin or 10 mg/kg ketoprofen every day for 14 days. The control group was orally administered 2 ml of physiological saline solution. Bone mineral density (BMD), radiological changes and edematous volumes were measured for 35 days. α-viniferin suppressed the development of inflammatory edema, and inhibited the bone destruction, noted with a decrease in BMD ( p <0.05). Hind paw edema volume, BMD and radiological changes did not differ significantly in the ketoprofen and α-viniferin groups during the entire study period. In conclusion, α-viniferin suppressed arthritic inflammation and bony change in rats.

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