Weight-bearing exercise and markers of bone turnover in female athletes

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Creighton ◽  
Amy L. Morgan ◽  
Debra Boardley ◽  
P. Gunnar Brolinson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Group ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽  
Total Body

Weight-bearing activity provides an osteogenic stimulus, while effects of swimming on bone are unclear. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in female athletes ( n = 41, age 20.7 yr) comparing three impact groups, high impact (High, basketball and volleyball, n= 14), medium impact (Med, soccer and track, n = 13), and nonimpact (Non, swimming, n = 7), with sedentary age-matched controls (Con, n = 7). BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle, and trochanter (TR); bone resorption estimated from urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx); and bone formation determined from serum osteocalcin. Adjusted BMD (g/cm; covariates: body mass index, weight, and calcium and calorie intake) was greater at the FN and TR in the High group (1.27 ± 0.03 and 1.05 ± 0.03) than in the Non (1.05 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (1.03 ± 0.05 and 0.85 ± 0.05) groups and greater at the TR in the Med group (1.01 ± 0.03) than in the Non (0.86 ± 0.04) and Con (0.85 ± 0.05) groups. Total body BMD was higher in the High group (4.9 ± 0.12) than in the Med (4.5 ± 0.12), Non (4.2 ± 0.14), and Con (4.1 ± 0.17) groups and greater in the Med group than in the Non and Con groups. Bone formation was lower in the Non group (19.8 ± 2.6) than in the High (30.6 ± 3.0) and Med (32.9 ± 1.9, P ≤ 0.05) groups. No differences in a marker of bone resorption (NTx) were noted. This indicates that women who participate in impact sports such as volleyball and basketball had higher BMDs and bone formation values than female swimmers.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Effects of Raloxifene and Estrogen on Bone in Postmenopausal Women1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2197-2202
Author(s):  
Karen M. Prestwood ◽  
Michele Gunness ◽  
Douglas B. Muchmore ◽  
Yili Lu ◽  
Mayme Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Hip Bmd ◽  
Total Body

Raloxifene HCl, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and decrease biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women without stimulatory effects on the breast and uterus. However, it is not known whether the changes in BMD and bone turnover are associated with changes at the tissue level, nor how changes with raloxifene compare with estrogen. In this randomized, double blind study, we evaluated the effects of raloxifene (Evista, 60 mg/day) or conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; Premarin, 0.625 mg/day) on bone architecture, bone turnover, and BMD. Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study after double tetracycline labeling and were analyzed for standard histomorphometric indexes. Serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured at baseline and at 4, 10, 18, and 24 weeks of treatment. Total body, lumbar spine, and hip BMD were measured at baseline and at the end of the study by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Activation frequency and bone formation rate/bone volume were significantly decreased from baseline in the CEE, but not in the raloxifene, group. Bone mineralization did not change in either group. Most markers of bone resorption and formation decreased in both groups, but to a greater degree in the CEE group (P < .05). Total body and lumbar spine BMD increased from baseline in both groups, with a greater increase in the CEE group (P< 0.05). Hip BMD significantly increased from baseline in the raloxifene group, but the change was not different from that in the CEE group. These results suggest that raloxifene reduces bone turnover and increases bone density, although to a lesser extent than CEE. Thus, raloxifene is an alternative to CEE for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Physical activity increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption as assessed by biochemical markers of bone turnover

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
HW Woitge ◽  
M Müller ◽  
P Bärtsch ◽  
B Friedmann ◽  
MJ Seibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

scholarly journals Lack of effect of supplementation with essential fatty acids on bone mineral density in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women:two randomized controlled trials of Efacal® v. calcium alone

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Joan Bassey ◽  
Julie J. Littlewood ◽  
M. Claire Rothwell ◽  
David W. Pye
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Randomized controlled trials of the effects of the dietary supplement Efacal® (Scotia Pharmaceuticals Plc, Guildford, Surrey, UK) v. Ca only on total body bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover were conducted in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women separately. Total daily dose for 12 months for the Efacal® groups was: Ca 1·0 g, evening primrose oil 4·0 g and marine fish oil 440 mg; and for the control groups was: Ca 1·0 g. Reported compliance was better than 90 % in both age groups. For the forty-three premenopausal women (age range 25–40 years), initial mean total body BMD values were similar for Efacal® and control groups and both groups showed highly significant mean increases of about 1 %; however, there were no significant between-group differences for the changes in BMD or markers of bone turnover. For the forty-two postmenopausal women (age range 50–65 years), initial mean total body BMD values were again well-matched across treatment groups. Both Efacal® and control groups showed highly significant decreases in total body BMD of about 1 %, but again there were no significant between-group differences in total body BMD or markers of bone turnover. Possible confounding variables such as initial total body BMD were explored but had no effect on the outcome in either age group. Nail quality improved in both age groups and in both Efacal® and control groups. Again, there was no significant difference between treatment groups. No evidence was found to support a beneficial effect of Efacal® on BMD in these women.

An increase in bone stability in an aripiprazole add-on or switching study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1257-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Masand ◽  
R. Sherwood ◽  
K.J. Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Urinary Markers ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a mental health disorder associated with high rates of osteoporosis. Studies have suggested antipsychotics as a major cause of accelerated decrease in bone mineral density.Oestrogen deficiency contributes to osteoporosis and causes increased osteoclast numbers/osteoclastic activity. Prolactin suppresses hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis activity, leading to decreased oestrogen concentrations.Aripiprazole, an ‘atypical’ antipsychotic, is a partial agonist at dopamine D2-receptors, while other atypical antipsychotics are antagonists at these receptors. Dopamine inhibits prolactin release via these receptors at the anterior pituitary. Aripiprazole has been found to decrease prolactin concentrations in chronic schizophrenics and may be protective against osteoporosis.Quantitation of specific markers of osteoclastic (cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX)) and osteoblastic activity (bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP)) can be correlated with bone resorption and bone formation, respectively.ObjectivesExploring whether aripiprazole is effective in stabilising bone turnover.AimsInvestigate changes in urinary markers of bone turnover.MethodsWe performed 52 week, open-label, intention-to-treat study, offering either a switch to aripiprazole or aripiprazole as add-on to initial antipsychotic medication.Serial measurements of prolactin, testosterone, 17-β-oestradiol, serum BAP, albumin, urinary creatinine, and urinary NTX concentrations were taken between 0 and 52 weeks.ResultsAt the end-point of study, versus the baseline, there were significant decreases in concentrations of urinary markers of bone resorption (P = 0.002 for NTX) and bone formation (P = .026 for BAP). Additionally, a significant decrease in prolactin (P = 0.004) and significant increase in 17-β-oestradiol concentrations (P = 0.015) were found.ConclusionsOur results show decreased overall bone turnover; and increased long-term bone stability in patients who changed medication.

scholarly journals Capture the fracture - use of bone turnover markers in clinical practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Miljanka Vuksanovic ◽  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Turnover Markers ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

Bone is a living tissue, metabolically very active, with the level of turnover of about 10% per year. Bone remodeling is a well-balanced process of bone resorption, induced by osteoclasts and bone formation maintained osteoblasts. Loss of bone remodeling balance, with increased bone resorption, leads to osteoporosis. Bone turnover markers are classified as markers of bone formation and of bone resorption. During the growth and development of skeleton, bone turnover markers show higher levels of activity than in the adult period. The increase in biochemical markers peaks again in the postmenopausal period, indicating accelerated bone remodeling. Bone mineral density is an important predictor of an osteoporotic fracture. Timely assessment of risk factors of osteoporosis and bone markers can detect subjects with accelerated bone remodeling and osteoporosis. This may introduce adequate therapy and prevent fracture.

Romosozumab and Sequential Therapy in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 297-308
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Slaton ◽  
Katie Boyd ◽  
Maryam Iranikhah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Turnover Markers

OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize studies on the effects of romosozumab as sequential therapy for improvements in bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and clinical fracture in postmenopausal (PMP) women.<br/> DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed (1966-August 2019) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-August 2019) was conducted using the MeSH and key word term romosozumab and limited to controlled clinical trials.<br/> STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: An initial review yielded 12 articles. Articles that did not evaluate use of romosozumab before or after another osteoporosis treatment were excluded. Five articles that evaluated the effects of sequential treatment with romosozumab in PMP women on bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and fracture were included in the final review.<br/> DATA SYNTHESIS: Romosozumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody that increases bone formation and reduces bone resorption via inhibition of sclerostin. This inhibition stimulates signaling pathways resulting in increased bone formation, reduced bone resorption and increases in BMD. Romosozumab is indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in PMP women who are at high risk for fracture and failed or cannot take other treatments. The current evidence describing the controlled clinical trials that evaluated use of romosozumab in sequence with other therapies for treatment of PMP osteoporosis is summarized.<br/> CONCLUSION: An evaluation of studies where romosozumab was used in sequence to other therapies in PMP women showed that it causes significant reductions in bone resorption markers, increases in bone-formation markers, improves BMD, and reduces the risk of clinical fracture. However, these efficacy improvements must be carefully weighed against the increased risk of cardiovascular adverse effects compared with other treatments.

scholarly journals Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Osteoporosis in Older Men: Where Are We?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Markers ◽  
Turnover Markers

In men aged less than 60, the association of serum and urinary levels of biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) is weak or not significant. After this age, higher BTM levels are correlated weakly, but significantly, with lower BMD and faster bone loss. Limited data from the cohort studies suggest that BTM measurement does not improve the prediction of fragility fractures in older men in comparison with age, BMD, history of falls and fragility fractures. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) decreases bone resorption. During TRT, bone formation markers slightly increase (direct effect on osteoblasts), then decrease (slowdown of bone turnover). Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronate) induce a rapid decrease in bone resorption followed by a milder decrease in bone formation. In men receiving antiresorptive therapy for prostate cancer, zoledronate, denosumab and toremifene decrease significantly levels of bone resorption and bone formation markers. Teriparatide induced a rapid increase in serum concentrations of bone formation markers followed by an increase in bone resorption. We need more studies on the utility of BTM measurement for the improvement of the persistence and adherence to the anti-osteoporotic treatment in men.

Bone formation is increased to a greater extent than bone resorption during a cycling stage race

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Anna Rolleston ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Ien J. Hellemans ◽  
Benjamin F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

This study examined the effects of participation in the Tour of Southland, a 6-day bicycle race, on serum markers of bone turnover in 5 elite male cyclists. During the race, energy intake matched expenditure. Osteocalcin was increased ~300% on days 1–5; and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was elevated (43%) on day 3. Participation in a cycling stage race does not appear to have deleterious effects on bone turnover.

scholarly journals A case of hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis: accelerated bone turnover controlled by pulse steroid therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Miyamura ◽  
Shuhei Nishida ◽  
Mina Itasaka ◽  
Hirofumi Matsuda ◽  
Takeshi Ohtou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Disorder

Summary Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO), a very rare disorder in which an extremely rapid bone turnover occurs and results in osteosclerosis, was acknowledged in 1990s as a new clinical entity with the unique bone disorder and definite link to chronic type C hepatitis, although the pathogenesis still remains unknown. Affected patients suffer from excruciating deep bone pains. We report the 19th case of HCAO with diagnosis confirmed by bone biopsy, and treated initially with a bisphosphonate, next with corticosteroids and finally with direct acting antivirals (DAA: sofosbuvir and ribavirin) for HCV infection. Risedronate, 17.5 mg/day for 38 days, did not improve the patient’s symptoms or extremely elevated levels of bone markers, which indicated hyper-bone-formation and coexisting hyper-bone-resorption in the patient. Next, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by high-dose oral administration of prednisolone evidently improved them. DAA therapy initiated after steroid therapy successfully achieved sustained virological response, but no additional therapeutic effect on them was observed. Our results strongly suggested that the underlying immunological alteration is the crucial key to clarify the pathogenesis of HCAO. Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae of the patient was increased by 14% in four-month period of observation. Clarification of the mechanisms that develop osteosclerosis in HCAO might lead to a new therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis. Learning points: HCAO is an extremely rare bone disorder, which occurs exclusively in patients affected with HCV, of which only 18 cases have been reported since 1992 and pathogenesis still remains unclear. Pathophysiology of HCAO is highly accelerated rates of both bone formation and bone resorption, with higher rate of formation than that of resorption, which occur in general skeletal leading to the diffuse osteosclerosis with severe bone pains. Steroid therapy including intravenous pulse administration in our patient evidently ameliorated his bone pains and reduced elevated values of bone markers. This was the first successful treatment for HCAO among cases reported so far and seemed to propose a key to solve the question for its pathogenesis. The speed of increase in the bone mineral content of the patient was very high, suggesting that clarification of the mechanism(s) might lead to the development of a novel therapy for osteoporosis.

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