Effects of strength training on muscle power and serum hormones in middle-aged and older men

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1497-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Izquierdo ◽  
K. Häkkinen ◽  
J. Ibañez ◽  
M. Garrues ◽  
A. Antón ◽  
...  

Effects of 16-wk strength training on maximal strength and power performance of the arm and leg muscles and serum concentrations [testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), and cortisol] were examined in 11 middle-aged (M46; 46 ± 2 yr) and 11 older men (M64; 64 ± 2 yr). During the 16-wk training, the relative increases in maximal strength and muscle power output of the arm and leg muscles were significant in both groups ( P < 0.05–0.001), with no significant differences between the two groups. The absolute increases were higher ( P < 0.01–0.05) in M46 than in M64 mainly during the last 8 wk of training. No significant changes were observed for serum T and FT concentrations. Analysis of covariance showed that, during the 16-wk training period, serum FT concentrations tended to decrease in M64 and increase in M46 ( P < 0.05). However, significant correlations between the mean level of individual serum T and FT concentrations and the individual changes in maximal strength were observed in a combined group during the 16-wk training ( r = 0.49 and 0.5, respectively; P < 0.05). These data indicate that a prolonged total strength-training program would lead to large gains in maximal strength and power load characteristics of the upper and lower extremity muscles, but the pattern of maximal and power development seemed to differ between the upper and lower extremities in both groups, possibly limited in magnitude because of neuromuscular and/or age-related endocrine impairments.

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchi Sood ◽  
Erik D. Hanson ◽  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
Matthew C. Kostek ◽  
Brian D. Hand ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
MIKEL IZQUIERDO ◽  
KEIJO HÄKKINEN ◽  
JAVIER IBAÑEZ ◽  
ALAZNE ANTÓN ◽  
MIRIAM GARRUÉS ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKEL IZQUIERDO ◽  
KEIJO HÄKKINEN ◽  
JAVIER IBAÑEZ ◽  
ALAZNE ANTÓN ◽  
MIRIAM GARRUÉS ◽  
...  

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 415???419 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. KOFFLER ◽  
A. MENKES ◽  
R. A. REDMOND ◽  
W. E. WHITEHEAD ◽  
R. E. PRATLEY ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Marko DM Stojanović ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Dejan Madić ◽  
Sergej M Ostojić

The aging process is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and increase in intramuscular fat, the latter also defined as muscle attenuation. Muscle weakness, termed sarcopenia and dynapenia, is a normal age-related phenomenon, occurring at a rate of 1% to 5% annually from the age of 30. This rate means that given typical patterns of physical activity, a 70-year-old woman could have 50% to 70% less strength than she had at age 30.  Contrary to long held beliefs, the muscles of elderly women (i.e. aged 65 years and older) continue to be adaptable, even into the extremes of old age, particularly if their muscles are significantly overloaded during training. Therefore, effective strengthening practices must be employed to maintain the highest level of function and achieve optimal aging in elderly women. Done regularly (2-3 times a week), strength training preserve bone density, independence and vitality with age. In addition, strength training also has the ability to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and the signs and symptoms of numerous chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and type 2 diabetes, while also improving sleep and reducing depression. Finally, though muscle strength has been recognized as an important predictor for reduced functional performance, emerging evidence suggests that muscle power (the product of force time velocity or the rate of performing work) is highly effective to elicit substantial improvements in maximal mechanical muscle function (rapid force generation, muscle power and muscle strength) and in functional performance in old and very old women.


2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1362-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
David M. Lee ◽  
Gianni Forti ◽  
Daryl B. O'Connor ◽  
Mario Maggi ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Madigan

The purpose of this study was to investigate agerelated differences in muscle power during a surrogate task of trip recovery. Participants included 10 healthy young men (19–23 years old) and 10 healthy older men (65–83). The task involved releasing participants from a forward-leaning posture. After release, participants attempted to recover their balance using a single step of the right foot. Muscle power at the hip, knee, and ankle of the stepping limb were determined from the product of joint angular velocity and joint torque. Muscle powers during balance recovery followed a relatively consistent pattern in both young and older men, and showed effects of both lean and age. Interestingly, the effects of age did not always involve smaller peak power values in the older men as expected from the well-documented loss of muscle power with aging. Older men exhibited smaller peak muscle power at the knee and larger peak muscle power at the ankle and hip compared to young men. The increases in muscle power at the ankle and hip may result from a neuromuscular adaptation aimed at improving balance recovery ability by compensating for the age-related loss of muscle function.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Fernandez Ortega ◽  
Luz Amelia Hoyos Cuartas

La realización de tareas diarias, como caminar, subir escaleras o levantar  objetos, requiere fuerza y potencia muscular. Las reducciones asociadas a la edad en la fuerza y la potencia pueden afectar la capacidad del  adulto mayor para  llevar a cabo este tipo de actividades. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los efectos de dos tipos de entrenamiento en fuerza (PEF) de 16 semanas, uno realizado a alta velocidad (GAV), versus uno a baja velocidad (GBV), sobre, la fuerza y potencia máxima muscular, en un grupo de adultas mayores. Metodología: 86 mujeres con edades entre 60-81 años participaron de forma voluntaria en el estudio y fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria al GAV (Tres series a una velocidad de 0.60m/s, con pérdidas máxima del 10% de velocidad) o al GBV. (Tres series de 10 repeticiones al 70% de 1RM) Los grupos realizaron tres entrenamientos semanales. Antes y después del PE se evaluó: la fuerza máxima (1RM),  la potencia pico (Pp) y  la velocidad media propulsiva (VMP),  en extensión en piernas y de brazos, la fuerza prensil, la velocidad de la marcha (VM),  y la fuerza resistencia y agilidad (batería senior fitness test). Resultados: después del periodo de entrenamiento se observaron mejoras significativas (p <0.05) en todas las pruebas en los dos grupos. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos por el GAV fueron significativamente (p<0.05) superiores a los del GBV, en las pruebas de capacidad funcional, VM, VMP y Pp. En las pruebas de fuerza máxima y fuerza prensil las diferencias no fueron significativas. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en fuerza realizado a altas velocidades parece tener un mejor efecto en el fuerza resistencia y agilidad y en la potencia muscular, que el entrenamiento de fuerza realizado a baja velocidad.Abstract. Performing daily tasks, such as walking, climbing stairs or lifting objects, requires strength and muscular power. Age-related reductions in strength and potency may affect the ability of the elderly to carry out these types of activities. Objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sixteen-week strength training program (PE) performed at high speed (GAV) versus a traditionally executed program (GBV), on functional performance, maximum strength, and muscle power in a group of elderly women. Methodology: 86 women aged between 60-81 years old participated voluntarily in the study and were assigned randomly to the GAV (three series at 0.60m/s speed, with maximum losses of 10% speed) or to the GBV (three series with three sets at 70% of 1RM). Both groups performed three weekly training sessions. The maximum strength of upper and lower limbs (1RM), prehensile strength, walking speed, maximum power, mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and functional performance (senior fitness test) were evaluated before and after the PE. Results: significant improvements were observed (p<0.05) in all the tests in the two groups after the twelve weeks of training. However, the results of GAV were significantly (p <0.05) higher than those of GBV regarding agility and dynamic equilibrium, stationary walking, sitting and standing, walking speed over 4 and 6 meters/hour, MPV, and peak power. The differences were not significant in the tests of maximum strength and prehensile force. Conclusion: Strength training performed at high speed seems to have a better effect on functional performance and muscle power than strength training performed at low speed.


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