scholarly journals Benefits of Strength Training for Elderly Women // Dobrobiti treninga snage za žene treće životne dobi

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko DM Stojanović ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Dejan Madić ◽  
Sergej M Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Force Time

The aging process is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and increase in intramuscular fat, the latter also defined as muscle attenuation. Muscle weakness, termed sarcopenia and dynapenia, is a normal age-related phenomenon, occurring at a rate of 1% to 5% annually from the age of 30. This rate means that given typical patterns of physical activity, a 70-year-old woman could have 50% to 70% less strength than she had at age 30.  Contrary to long held beliefs, the muscles of elderly women (i.e. aged 65 years and older) continue to be adaptable, even into the extremes of old age, particularly if their muscles are significantly overloaded during training. Therefore, effective strengthening practices must be employed to maintain the highest level of function and achieve optimal aging in elderly women. Done regularly (2-3 times a week), strength training preserve bone density, independence and vitality with age. In addition, strength training also has the ability to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and the signs and symptoms of numerous chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and type 2 diabetes, while also improving sleep and reducing depression. Finally, though muscle strength has been recognized as an important predictor for reduced functional performance, emerging evidence suggests that muscle power (the product of force time velocity or the rate of performing work) is highly effective to elicit substantial improvements in maximal mechanical muscle function (rapid force generation, muscle power and muscle strength) and in functional performance in old and very old women.

Efectos de la velocidad de entrenamiento en fuerza sobre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en mujeres adultas mayores (Effect of the velocity resistance training on various manifestations of resistance in older women)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Fernandez Ortega ◽  
Luz Amelia Hoyos Cuartas
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Age Related

La realización de tareas diarias, como caminar, subir escaleras o levantar  objetos, requiere fuerza y potencia muscular. Las reducciones asociadas a la edad en la fuerza y la potencia pueden afectar la capacidad del  adulto mayor para  llevar a cabo este tipo de actividades. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los efectos de dos tipos de entrenamiento en fuerza (PEF) de 16 semanas, uno realizado a alta velocidad (GAV), versus uno a baja velocidad (GBV), sobre, la fuerza y potencia máxima muscular, en un grupo de adultas mayores. Metodología: 86 mujeres con edades entre 60-81 años participaron de forma voluntaria en el estudio y fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria al GAV (Tres series a una velocidad de 0.60m/s, con pérdidas máxima del 10% de velocidad) o al GBV. (Tres series de 10 repeticiones al 70% de 1RM) Los grupos realizaron tres entrenamientos semanales. Antes y después del PE se evaluó: la fuerza máxima (1RM),  la potencia pico (Pp) y  la velocidad media propulsiva (VMP),  en extensión en piernas y de brazos, la fuerza prensil, la velocidad de la marcha (VM),  y la fuerza resistencia y agilidad (batería senior fitness test). Resultados: después del periodo de entrenamiento se observaron mejoras significativas (p <0.05) en todas las pruebas en los dos grupos. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos por el GAV fueron significativamente (p<0.05) superiores a los del GBV, en las pruebas de capacidad funcional, VM, VMP y Pp. En las pruebas de fuerza máxima y fuerza prensil las diferencias no fueron significativas. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en fuerza realizado a altas velocidades parece tener un mejor efecto en el fuerza resistencia y agilidad y en la potencia muscular, que el entrenamiento de fuerza realizado a baja velocidad.Abstract. Performing daily tasks, such as walking, climbing stairs or lifting objects, requires strength and muscular power. Age-related reductions in strength and potency may affect the ability of the elderly to carry out these types of activities. Objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sixteen-week strength training program (PE) performed at high speed (GAV) versus a traditionally executed program (GBV), on functional performance, maximum strength, and muscle power in a group of elderly women. Methodology: 86 women aged between 60-81 years old participated voluntarily in the study and were assigned randomly to the GAV (three series at 0.60m/s speed, with maximum losses of 10% speed) or to the GBV (three series with three sets at 70% of 1RM). Both groups performed three weekly training sessions. The maximum strength of upper and lower limbs (1RM), prehensile strength, walking speed, maximum power, mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and functional performance (senior fitness test) were evaluated before and after the PE. Results: significant improvements were observed (p<0.05) in all the tests in the two groups after the twelve weeks of training. However, the results of GAV were significantly (p <0.05) higher than those of GBV regarding agility and dynamic equilibrium, stationary walking, sitting and standing, walking speed over 4 and 6 meters/hour, MPV, and peak power. The differences were not significant in the tests of maximum strength and prehensile force. Conclusion: Strength training performed at high speed seems to have a better effect on functional performance and muscle power than strength training performed at low speed.

Tibolone does not affect muscle power and functional ability in healthy postmenopausal women

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid B.A.E. MEEUWSEN ◽  
Monique M. SAMSON ◽  
Sijmen A. DUURSMA ◽  
Harald J.J. VERHAAR
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leg Extensor Power ◽  
Manual Test

Maintenance of neuromuscular function into old age is critical to maintain normal daily activity and functional independence. Maximal muscle strength declines with age, and the age-related loss in power might be even greater. An accelerated loss of muscle strength and power has been observed in women around the time of the menopause. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic activities, on muscle power, endurance and functional ability. A total of 85 healthy women, between 1 and 15 years postmenopausal, were recuited from local paper advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to 2.5mg of tibolone or to placebo pills of identical appearance; pills were taken daily for 12 months, orally in the morning. Muscle power was assessed as explosive leg extensor power. Endurance was measured on a 2min walk test and a 3.5m walk. Functional ability was determined with the timed Get Up and Go test and a Postural/Locomotor/Manual test. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the parameters. Possible explanations for this lack of effect are either the absence of an effect of tibolone on muscle power and functional ability, or that our participants were too far above their strength-related functional limits to derive benefit from intervention. Further research is required to resolve this issue.

scholarly journals Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la condición física en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad: una revisión sistemática (Effects of strength training on the fitness in boys and girls with overweight and obesity: a systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Luis Le-Cerf Paredes ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Eduardo Guzman Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
General Physical

Introducción: Debido a las preocupantes cifras de obesidad infantil y los riesgos para la salud que significa tener este estado nutricional no saludable, nuestro objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática para determinar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza muscular sobre la condición física general de niños y niñas con sobreopeso y obesidad. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, SciELO y Google Scholar. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron valorados en cuanto a su calidad metodológica a través de la escala PEDro. Resultados: Los estudios señalan que el entrenamiento de fuerza cuando es aplicado de manera aislada aumenta la fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, potencia muscular, agilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Cuando el entrenamiento de fuerza se combinó con actividades aeróbicas se observaron aumentos significativos de la fuerza muscular, capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad Conclusiones: A pesar de la diversidad de los estudios, el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular parece tener un efecto positivo en la condición física general de los niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Abstract. Introduction: Due to the worrying figures for childhood obesity and the health risks of having this unhealthy nutritional state, our objective was to carry out a systematic review to determine the effects of muscle strength training on the general physical condition of boys and girls overweight and obese. Methods: PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar databases were used. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: Studies indicate that strength training when applied in isolation increases muscle strength, flexibility, muscle power, agility, and cardiorespiratory capacity in overweight and obese boys and girls. When strength training was combined with aerobic activities, significant increases in muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity and flexibility were observed. Conclusions: Despite the diversity of studies, muscle strength training seems to have a positive effect on the general physical condition of overweight and obese boys and girls.

scholarly journals Força e potência muscular para autonomia funcional de idosos: uma breve revisão narrativa

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Lúcio Mazini Filho ◽  
Gabriela Rezende de Oliveira Venturini ◽  
Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues da Silveira ◽  
Rodrigo Marçal de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um processo em andamento e o tema vem despertando a atenção de autoridades e profissionais de diversas áreas, uma vez que tal fenômeno acarreta perda progressiva e generalizada da força e da potência muscular, entre outros efeitos deletérios. Nesse contexto, cresce o número de trabalhos científicos destacando a importância do treinamento de força e de potência muscular na autonomia funcional do idoso.Objetivo: Levantar na literatura os efeitos dos treinamentos de força e potência muscular na autonomia funcional de indivíduos idosos.Métodos: Conduziu-se uma pesquisa de artigos na íntegra nas bases de dados LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), MedLine e PubMed, tendo como descritores: “muscle strength”, “muscle power”, “functional autonomy” e “aging”.Resultados: A literatura mostra que os treinamentos de força e de potência muscular, desde que tomados os cuidados com a execução e que sejam devidamente quantificados, tornam-se imprescindíveis para a manutenção/melhora da prática das atividades da vida diária contribuindo para a autonomia funcional de idosos.Conclusão: Os tipos de treinamento analisados podem contribuir para retardar os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento, interferindo positivamente na qualidade de vida e na autonomia funcional de idosos.Strength and Muscular Power for Functional Autonomy of the Elderly: a Brief Narrative Review StudyIntroduction: Population aging is an ongoing process and it is an issue of interest for authorities and professionals from different areas, since this phenomenon leads to a progressive and generalized loss of strength and muscular power, among other deleterious effects. In this context, the number of scientific studies increases, emphasizing the importance of strength training and muscle power in the functional autonomy of the elderly.Objective: To gather in the literature the effects of strength training and muscular power on the functional autonomy of elderly individuals.Methods: We conducted a survey of articles in full in the databases LILACS, Virtual Health Library (VHL), MedLine and PubMed, having as descriptors: "muscle strength", "muscle power", "functional autonomy" and "aging".Results: The literature shows that strength training and muscular power training, once taken care of with execution and duly quantified, are essential for maintaining / improving the practice of activities of daily living contributing to the functional autonomy of the elderly.Conclusion: The types of training analyzed can contribute to delay the deleterious effects of aging, positively interfering in the quality of life and the functional autonomy of the elderly. 

CT-Based Muscle Attenuation May be Able to Account for Age- and Muscle-Specific Differences in Maximum Muscle Stress

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Anderson ◽  
Alexander G. Bruno ◽  
Brett T. Allaire ◽  
Mary L. Bouxsein
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Muscle Stress ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Isometric Muscle

In musculoskeletal modeling, isometric muscle strength has been primarily determined based on muscle size. Specifically, the maximum force a muscle can produce may be calculated as: (1)FMAX=MMS×PCSA where FMAX is maximum isometric muscle force, MMS is maximum muscle stress, and PCSA is muscle physiological cross-sectional area. In general, modeling studies have selected a constant value of MMS, and applied it to all muscles in the model. However, the values reported in the literature for MMS vary widely [1, 2], from as little as 23 N/cm2 up to 137 N/cm2. Furthermore, MMS is likely lower in older adults than young adults, as age-related declines in muscle strength are significantly greater than declines in muscle mass [3], and the specific tension of gastrocnemius fascicles is 30% lower in elderly men than young men [4]. In addition, MMS is not constant between muscle groups. For example, the MMS of the elbow flexors is much greater than that of the elbow extensors [1], while the MMS of the ankle dorsiflexors is more than twice that of the ankle plantar flexors [5]. Thus, the use of a single constant for MMS in musculoskeletal models does not account for differences between individuals or muscle groups, and there is a need for a quantitative approach to assign different values of MMS to muscles in musculoskeletal models.

scholarly journals Eccentric Overload Flywheel Training in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsi Kowalchuk ◽  
Scotty Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eccentric Overload

Age-related reductions in muscle strength and muscle power can have significant adverse effects on functional performance in older adults. Exercise training has been shown to be a potent stimulus for improvements in strength and power. However, investigation into how to best optimize training-related adaptations, as well as the accessibility of training methods, is needed. Traditional (TR) methods using gravity-dependent free-weights or weight machines can improve and maintain strength and power but are limited in their ability to provide constant muscle tension and high levels of muscle activation throughout the lowering (eccentric) phase of lifting. Eccentric overload (EO) training may overcome these limitations and has been shown to result in potent adaptations in both young and older adults. Methods of producing EO are significantly limited from a practical perspective. The addition of whole-body flywheel training equipment provides a practical method of producing EO and may be appropriate for older adults wanting to optimize training outcomes. Our review provides limited evidence of the use of eccentric overload flywheel training as a novel training method in seniors. Through the review of literature, EO training overcame some of the limitations set forth by traditional resistance training and demonstrated to have key benefits when combating age-related changes affecting muscle strength and muscle power. It can be concluded that EO training is an important addition to the training arsenal for older adults. Flywheel training provides a practical method of achieving EO, increasing strength and power, combating age-related adaptations, and overall improving quality of life in older adults.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Wobble Board and Bosu Ball along with Strength Training on Lower Limb Strength, Dynamic Balance, Agility and Functional Performance of Runners with Lateral Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Roshni ◽  
Sheetal Kalra ◽  
Sajjan Pal ◽  
Sonia Pawaria ◽  
Joginder Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Sensorimotor Training ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hop Test

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterised by a subjective feeling of recurrent instability, continuedepisode of giving way and self-reported disability. A wealth of literature is available reporting causes and risk factors related to CAI,still thereis a lack of understanding regarding rehabilitation procedures. Aim: To compare effect of BOSU ball and wobble board along with strength training on muscle strength, dynamic balance, agility and functional performance in recreational runners with CAI. Materials and Methods: It was an experimental study design conducted at Physiotherapy OPD of SGT Hospital, Gurugram. Data collection was done from July 2019 till October 2019. Analysis and report writing took 2 months i.e from November 2019 till December 2019. 60 male runners in the age group of 18-35 years with CAI were randomly divided into two groups i.e. A (Wobble board) and B (BOSU Ball) with 30 players in each group. All subjects were evaluated for ankle muscle strength, agility, dynamic balance and functional performance as measured by Manual muscle tester, T-test, Y balance test and figure of eight hop test respectively on day one and last day of 3rd and 6th week of intervention. SPSS software version 20.0 was used to analyse result. Mean and Standard deviations were calculated. ANOVA and Student T test was used for analysing inter group differences. Results: The statistical findings in this study postulate that both groups had significantly improved fitness and skill related variables but BOSU ball group showed highly significant improvement compared to wobble board group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current results support that sensorimotor training can be progressed in difficulty by systematically reducing the base of support with help of BOSU ball.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation and physical exercise on strength, balance and functionality of elderly women

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gabrielli Vassão ◽  
Renata Luri Toma ◽  
Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes ◽  
Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract Introduction: Aging is associated with structural changes in muscle tissue, which leads to the loss of functional independence. The preservation of the muscle strength through strength training, and recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has high clinical significance. Objective: to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM - 808 nm, 100 mW, 35.7 W/cm2 and 7 J) associated with a strength training program on quadriceps muscle strength, balance and functional capacity in elderly women. Methods: Thirty-five healthy women between 60 to 70 years old were divided into two groups: Placebo Group (n = 13) and Active Group (n = 14). The exercise protocol consisted of knee flexion-extension exercise followed by application of PBM placebo or active, twice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Results: showed a significant increase in 6MWT (p = 0.001), SPPB (p = 0.006) and 1-MR (p = 0.001) in both groups. The strength training program associated with PBM active improved a significant increase, relative to baseline, to the right medial/lateral stability index (p = 0.007) and decrease in the Fall Risk Test (p = 0.005). Conclusion: the strength training produced a significant increase of muscle strength and functionality and when combined with the PMB it was significant in the improvement of postural stability and decrease of fall risk.

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