Influence of Basic-Motor Abilities on Efficiency of Realization of Specific Motor Tasks In Swimming

The research was conducted on a sample of 70 respondents-swimmers aged 13-15 years of swimming clubs from Sarajevo Canton/Federation of BiH, with the aim of determining the significance and magnitude of the impact of selected basic motor skills on the implementation of specific motor tasks in swimming (navigability in place, sliding length with reflection from water, start from starting block, parallel). The study used 10 variables to assess basic motor skills, which were the input or predictor set of variables, and three variables to assess the efficiency of specific motor tasks in swimming as a criterion, each variable from the battery of specific motor tasks was considered as a criterion on the predictor set of basic-motor variables. Three mini regression analyzes were applied to determine the statistical significance and relative influence of basic motor skills on the realization of specific motor tasks in swimming (buoyancy in place, length of sliding with reflection from water, start from the starting block, parallel). The results of regression analyzes indicate that the greatest influence on the overall efficiency in the implementation of specific motor tests in swimming, looking at all criterion variables together, from the set of basic-motor variables, as a predictor set, show the following variables: stick twist-MFLISK MFLPRK, plantar flexion-MFLPL, long jump from place-MFESDM, agility on the ground-MKOKNT and shelter in lying-MRCZTL. The results obtained in this research can be useful for teachers and swimming trainers who work with younger age categories for the purpose of better programming of training work and selection of training content.

Teachers Attitudes on Sports Talent in Primary School Pupils Transferring From Class to Subject Teaching / Stavovi nastavnika o sportskoj nadarenosti učenika osnovne škole koji prelaze iz razredne u predmetnu nastavu

The study was conducted on a sample of 102 respondents (teachers / professors) employed in the elementary schools of the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main objective of the research is to determine the teachers / professors views on sport talent and any differences in attitudes on the students who pass from class to subject teaching, in activities that engage the student in terms of gender, working status, age and level of education of teachers. The total number of respondents was 102 teachers / professors permanently employed in the elementary school of the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of BiH.A five-level Likert scale questionnaire was used as a measuring instrument in the research, in which each statement has 5 answers (completely disagree, disagree, don’t have opinion / neutral, agree, completely agree). The questionnaire contains 4 indicators for declaring the sporting talents of children-students, as well as questions related to gender, job / position, age and level of education.LSD Post Hoc tests of success were applied for determination of the statistically significant differences between these group of subjects, the results of the test and analysis of the variation of the different groups.The results obtained indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of teachers / professors or sports talents (above-average achievements) in activities that engage the student in terms of gender, working status, age and level of education.

The Effects of Plyometric Training on Motor Skills of Top Volleyball Players / Efekti pliometrijskog treninga na motoričke sposobnosti vrhunskih odbojkaša

The plyometric method is ranked among the most commonly used methods for fitness volleyball training. It leads to the development of explosive strength and reactive velocity of the muscular system based on improving the CNS response and the power required to absorb the stress when landing. The study was of longitudinal type, involving two measurements, an initial measurement for all subjects to determine the initial level of motor ability, and a final measurement where the effects of the experimental program were studied after a programmed experimental process to develop specific motor skills of the analyzed sample of subjects. The entire study was conducted on a sample of 72 senior subjects, which were divided into two sub-samples, one sub-sample comprised of the experimental group and the other comprising the control group. The primary objective of the research was to test the influence and effect of special treatment of kinesiological activities based on plyometric exercises on the motor skills of the subjects.

Current Legal Regulations as a Factor of Management of Sports Organisation

Management of sports organisations, viewed in the context of their legality and legitimacy, predominantly relies on the filed of current legal regulations in sport. This could be, relatively speaking, considered as the existence of the “sports legislation” within a specific social environment, encompassing the set of laws and legal regulations, which govern the relations, procedures and operation of sports organisations. The issues concerning the current legal regulating of the relations in sport call attention to the following legal documents in a state: constitution, laws, subordinate legislation and internal (organisation’s) legal documents. From the point of view of sport (as a social phenomenon and practical activity), the concept of the current law must be treated through its determination that relates to all rules of social behaviour accepted and valid in a specific state. All stakeholders and participants in the sport process (stakeholders in the sports system) need to be informed about basic aspects of the legal norms constituting the substance of the current law. This paper, basically, deals with theoretical explication of the relevance of the current legal regulations as an important factor in the management of sports organisations. The context of the respective considerations is oriented towards the sports system environment in the Republic of Serbia.

The Importance of Set Plays in High Performance Football

The constant recording and evaluation of goal scoring characteristics are important and can present changes and evolutionary trends in football. The objective of this study was to analyze the importance of set plays actions for high performance football, checking the incidence of goals scored through these actions during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. 169 goals scored in 64 matches played in the tournament were analysed. The data were obtained from the FIFA website database, through official summaries and videos of the goals scored. According to the results, 68 goals (40.2%) were scored in actions originating from set plays. This high number of goals scored shows that these actions can be an important means of determining victory in high performance football matches, especially between teams of the same level. Among the main reasons to explain the results, we can suggest the following: greater training and tactical improvement, causing a better collective efficiency of the teams in the execution of these actions; and the insertion of VAR technology, mainly causing a greater number of penalties.

The Effects of Neuromuscular Stabilization on Increasing the Functionality and Mobility of the Locomotor System

The general concept of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) is, among other things, directly aimed at core stabilization as well as proper and “stable breathing”. DNS is based on the integration of the stabilization system which is mainly composed of intersegmental spinal muscles, deep neck flexor muscles, the diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and the pelvis. Although it is a relatively recent rehabilitation and training concept, a lot of researchers focus on DNS due to its positive effects. The review started with the hypothesis that the DNS concept achieves high and positive results on the locomotor system in terms of better core stabilization, increasing the functionality of the locomotor system and quickening the rehabilitation process. The method included searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science for scientific material. Out of 50 reviewed scientific papers, the sample was consisted of 12 papers that are, according to their research topic, compatible with the review in question. The results of the review indicate that the DNS concept has positive effects on the functionality of the locomotor system.

Participating in Kinesiology Activities in Primaryeducation Students’ Free Time

The objective of the research was to investigate to what extent students of first and second grades of primary school participate in physical activities in their free time. We are living in the age of sedentary lifestyle, which is becoming a problem of public health. 189 respondents took part in this research of which 93 girls and 96 boys aged 7 to 9. To assess the level of students’ activity in their free time, a poll was used consisting of eight questions from the questionnaire “Fels physical activity questionnaire for children” (FPAQ). Based on queries from the questionnaire, indices were calculated from the area of sports (IS), free time (ISV; household chores (IKP) and total physical activity result (UTA). To assess body composition, anthropometric measures of height, mass, BMI and percentage of fat in the body were used. To assess those, we used the device for measuring physical composition– Omron BF500 Body Composition Monitor. Results indicate that 59.26% do not meet daily recommendations for participating in physical activities. As regards the difference in students’ age, it is notable that second grade students are somewhat more physically active. Observing average results, it is clear that students were most physically active in their free time. The lowest values were recorded in the area of sports at school, (1.15), yet lower values were also obtained from sports club activities (2.06). It is evident that students of that age are minimally active during their PE classes and this is a segment where the number of physically active students can be increased. Increasing physical activity at school shall encourage students to participate in physical activity outside educational institutions.

Elite Athletes’ Assessment of Mental State for Competition in Individual and Team Sports / Procena mentalnog stanja za takmičenje vrhunskih sportista u individualnom i kolektivnom sportu

Pre-competition mental state is an important component of a sports outcome. In terms of the type of sport, the results of pre-competition state research differ depending on the methodology used. The aim of this paper was to determine mental states for elite sports competitions in one individual (shooting) and one team sport (handball). The research involved 41 elite athletes of both genders (11 males and 30 females) aged 16 to 34, who were members of the senior national shooting (N1=24) and senior national handball (N2=17) teams of Serbia. The applied instruments included the CSAI-2 and the CA test. Data processing involved descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The results indicate significant differences between athletes in individual and team sport, in favour of team sport athletes. Elite shooters show more cognitive anxiety, they are more prone to mental perception of pain, fear, and reliance on habits and automatism in competitions. Elite handball players showed significantly higher values on scales of desirable mental state for training and competition.

Body Mass Index and Motor Status of Preschool Children

The purpose of this study is to establish the existence of gender differences in motor skills in the preschool period as well as to check their nutritional status. The classification of their nutritional status has been performed based on their body mass index (BMI), based on the percentile values according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2000). Total sample consisted of 188 examinees with average values of body height (BH=124.59 cm±5.76) and body weight (BW=24.32 kg±3.11) with average age of 6.39±0.44 years, out which boys (N=107) and girls (N=81). Non-experimental research design, ex post facto correlation research plan, has been used. The battery with seven motor tests according to Bala and Popović (2007), has been used in this research. The study results show that the prevalence of malnourished children is 10.64%, well nourished 72.34%, tending to become obese 9.57% and obese children 7.44%, also with the existing gender difference in motor abilities in favour of better average values of boys in coordination, explosive and repetitive strength. The research results show that there is the satisfying percentage of normally nourished children and that the linearity of their nutritional status is in accordance with their motor status, growth and development. On the other hand, the perceived gender difference are present due to differentiation of motor abilities that occurs at this age. The authors point out that greater differences and variability regarding the level of nourishment and motor abilities of children can be expected only in prepuberty period, which will happen in the next phase.

Relationships of Motor Abilities and Precision of Shooting in Handball

This research aimed to determine the relationship between motor skills and the precision of shooting in handball. A battery of 21 motor tests was applied to a sample of 36 male subjects aged 20-22 years. Criteria variables were selected representing shots from the position with 7m and 9m and jump shots with 9m. The general results of the canonical analysis indicated a canonical correlation value of 0.974, with the HI value of the test square being 114.44 and a statistically significant correlation of the variables used at the p .042 level. 3 canonical roots were obtained of which only the first showed statistical significance p .042. Observing the correlations of the variables used, it can be said that the motor abilities of explosive power, agility and coordination discriminated respondents results in performing situational-motor tasks. The results of the analysis of the criterion variables indicate that the largest projection on the first canonical root is shown by the variable 9mSKOK (0.739), and the variables 9mSTAV (0.484) and 7mSTAV (0.043). The obtained results confirm the positive relation of the situational motor ability of the shot precision with the level tested motor abilities, ie. a higher level of motor skills of agility and coordination, repetitive and explosive power is directly related to the success of performing a shot on goal from the positions used.