scholarly journals Time-efficient physical training for enhancing cardiovascular function in midlife and older adults: promise and current research gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Craighead ◽  
Thomas C. Heinbockel ◽  
Makinzie N. Hamilton ◽  
E. Fiona Bailey ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Function

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed societies, and “midlife” (50–64 yr) and older (65+) men and women bear the great majority of the burden of CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in this population is attributable to CV dysfunction, including adverse changes in the structure and function of the heart, increased systolic blood pressure, and arterial dysfunction. The latter is characterized by increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Conventional aerobic exercise training, as generally recommended in public health guidelines, is an effective strategy to preserve or improve CV function with aging. However, <40% of midlife and older adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines, due in part to time availability-related barriers. As such, there is a need to develop evidence-based time-efficient exercise interventions that promote adherence and optimize CV function in these groups. Two promising interventions that may meet these criteria are interval training and inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST). Limited research suggests these modes of training may improve CV function with time commitments of ≤60 min/wk. This review will summarize the current evidence for interval training and IMST to improve CV function in midlife/older adults and identify key research gaps and future directions.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic exercise in the treatment of older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a protocol of a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiane Teixeira Bastos de Oliveira ◽  
Irlei dos Santos ◽  
Gisela Cristiane Miyamoto ◽  
Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects the quality of life of older adults by interfering in their ability to perform activities of daily living. Aerobic exercise programs have been used in the treatment of various health conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. However, there is still little evidence on the effects of aerobic exercise for the treatment of older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the effects of aerobic exercise in improving pain and function of older adults with chronic pain as a consequence of different chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Methods The databases to be used in the search are PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Randomized controlled trials that used aerobic exercise in the treatment of older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain will be included. Primary outcomes will be pain and function. We will use the PEDro scale to evaluate the methodological quality and statistical description of each included study, and the strength of the recommendations will be summarized using GRADE. Discussion The results of this systematic review will provide a synthesis of the current evidence on the effects of aerobic exercise in the treatment of older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. In addition, this information can help health professionals in decision-making about the use of aerobic exercise in the treatment of older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Ethics and dissemination This systematic review was recorded prospectively, and the results will be part of a doctoral thesis to be published in a peer-reviewed international journal and possibly presented at international conferences. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, CRD42019118903.

Aerobic Exercise Training in Stroke Rehabilitation: Any Gap in Knowledge

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal-hatu Kolapo Hamzat ◽  
Nelson Echezona Ekechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness

Background: Most stroke survivors live with residual physical impairments that may promote a sedentary lifestyle and resultant secondary complications, especially poor cardio-respiratory fitness. This systematic review was conceived to examine the extent of research on the effect of aerobic exercise on health outcomes of stroke survivors as a prelude to a clinical trial.Method: Electronic databases were searched with the last search performed in May, 2014. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. High-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered level 1 evidence while lower-quality RCTs were considered level 2 evidence. Result: A total of 642 articles were generated from the search strategy; 10 articles fulfilled all criteria and were selected for this review. 50% of these studies recruited stroke survivors with ischaemic type of stroke while 30% had individuals with either ischaemic or haemorrhagic types. 70% of the studies had good scores while 30% had fair scores in methodological quality. The majority of the studies used VO2max as the outcome for assessing aerobic fitness; a few studies (10% each) assessed anthropometric outcomes and biochemical profile. No study assessed a haematological profile nor compared the effects of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on stroke outcomes. Conclusion: A gap in clinical trials on the effects of aerobic exercise on biochemical, haematological and anthropometric profiles of stroke survivors exists as well as in the comparative effects of continuous and interval training on stroke outcomes.

scholarly journals Metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise training in older adults

Aging Cell ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Konopka ◽  
Jaime L. Laurin ◽  
Hayden M. Schoenberg ◽  
Justin J. Reid ◽  
William M. Castor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Adaptations

Efficacy of heavy eccentric calf training for treating mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Calder Murphy ◽  
Mervyn J Travers ◽  
Paola Chivers ◽  
James Robert Debenham ◽  
Sean Iain Docking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
And Function

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of heavy eccentric calf training (HECT) in comparison with natural history, traditional physiotherapy, sham interventions or other exercise interventions for improvements in pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines.Data sourcesPUBMED, CINAHL (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) were searched from inception until 24 September 2018.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing HECT to natural history, sham exercise, traditional physiotherapy and other exercise interventions were included. Primary outcome assessing pain and function was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria. This review suggests HECT may be superior to both natural history, mean difference (MD) (95% CI) of 20.6 (11.7 to 29.5, one study) and traditional physiotherapy, MD (95% CI) of 17.70 (3.75 to 31.66, two studies). Following removal of one study, at high risk of bias, due to pre-planned sensitivity analysis, this review suggests HECT may be inferior to other exercise interventions, MD (95% CI) of −5.65 (-10.51 to −0.79, three studies). However, this difference is unlikely to be clinically significant.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that HECT may be superior to natural history and traditional physiotherapy while HECT may be inferior to other exercise interventions. However, due to methodological limitations, small sample size and a lack of data we are unable to be confident in the results of the estimate of the effect, as the true effect is likely to be substantially different.Systematic review registryPROSPERO registration number: CRD4201804493Protocol referenceThis protocol has been published open access: Murphy M, Travers MJ, Gibson, W. Is heavy eccentric calf training superior to natural history, sham rehabilitation, traditional physiotherapy and other exercise interventions for pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy? Systematic Reviews 2018; 7: 58

scholarly journals COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, EXERCISE, AND AMYLOID BURDEN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S610-S610
Author(s):  
Amber Watts ◽  
Eric Vidoni ◽  
Jill Morris ◽  
Mark Perry ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Abstract Exercise is a promising strategy for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid neuroimaging can identify individuals at risk of developing AD prior to displaying symptoms. We screened adults (65+) with Florbetapir PET imaging and a comprehensive cognitive battery. We randomized 117 participants with normal cognition into a 52-week aerobic exercise program to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance. We compared an intensive exercise treatment group to a standard of care control group. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks in the domains of verbal memory, visuospatial processing, attention, and executive function. Interim results on 87 participants show cardiorespiratory fitness improved in the exercise group vs. control group (t=3.66(81), p&lt; .001). The degree of change in cardiorespiratory fitness did not differ between those with and without elevated amyloid (t=-0.37(81), p=.710). Greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness predicted better performance on cognitive tests including trailmaking test, Stroop test, and digit symbol substitution test, which did not differ by amyloid status. Elevated amyloid levels predicted lower cognitive scores in logical memory, space relations, and identical pictures test. Our findings suggest PET imaging is a valid marker of cognitive performance in non-impaired older adults, and that this pre-clinical amyloid status did not reduce the cognitive benefits of exercise for those who improved in cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise interventions hold promise for cognitive maintenance among pre-symptomatic older adults with elevated amyloid levels. Finally, results highlight the importance of evaluating multiple cognitive domains which are associated differently with exercise and amyloid status.

scholarly journals Is It Time to Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Ricardo Borges Viana ◽  
João Pedro Naves ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio ◽  
Victor Coswig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
Intensity Training

Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the complexity of human organisms. In this regard, high-intensity training might be particularly interesting as a strategy to promote fat loss since it seems to promote many physiological changes that might favor long-term weight loss. However, it is important to recognize the controversy of the results regarding interval training (IT), which might be explained by the large variations in its application. For this reason, we have to be more judicious about how exercise is planned and performed and some factors, like supervision, might be important for the results. The intensity of exercise seems to modulate not only how many calories are expended after exercise, but also where they came from. Instead of only estimating the number of calories ingested and expended, it seems that we have to act positively in order to create an adequate environment for promoting healthy and sustainable weight loss.

scholarly journals Digestive Symptoms in Older Adults: Prevalence and Associations with Institutionalization and Mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki AlAmeel ◽  
Mohammed Basheikh ◽  
Melissa K Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
And Function ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
Cognition Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND: Digestive symptoms are common in adults. However, little is known about their prevalence in older adults and the association of digestive symptoms with institutionalization and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of digestive symptoms among older adults in Canada and whether they are associated with increased risk of institutionalization and mortality, independent of the effect of potential confounders.METHODS: The present study was a secondary analysis of data collected from community-dwelling participants 65 years of age and older in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Measures incuded age, sex, presence of digestive symptoms, cognition, impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) and self-reported health. Outcome measures included death or institutionalization over the 10 years of follow-up.RESULTS: Digestive symptoms were found in 2288 (25.6%) of the 8949 subjects. Those with digestive symptoms were older, with a mean difference in age of six months (P=0.007). Digestive symptoms were more common among women (28.4%) than men (20.3%), among individuals with poor self-reported health and those with an increased number of impairments in their ADLs (P<0.001). The presence of digestive symptoms was associated with higher mortality (HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.25] adjusted for age, sex, cognitive function and ADL impairment); however, this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for self-reported health.CONCLUSION: Although digestive symptoms were associated with increased mortality independent of age and sex, cognition and function, this association was largely explained by poor self-assessed health. Digestive symptoms were not associated with institutionalization

scholarly journals Change in Bone Mineral Density During Weight Loss with Resistance Versus Aerobic Exercise Training in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M Beavers ◽  
Daniel P Beavers ◽  
Sarah B Martin ◽  
Anthony P Marsh ◽  
Mary F Lyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Mineral Density
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