The complex relationship between physical activity and diabetes: an overview

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread condition, representing a challenging disease to manage. Exercise is being increasingly recommended as part of the therapeutic regimen for DM but the management of different forms of physical activity is difficult for individuals with diabetes, trainers, and physicians. Regular exercise can improve health and well-being, helping individuals to achieve their target lipid profile, body composition, cardio-respiratory fitness, and glycemic goals. People with diabetes tend to be as inactive as the general population, with a large percentage of individuals not achieving the minimum amount of recommended physical activity levels. Indeed, several barriers to exercise exist for persons with diabetes, including sports eligibility, multi-modality management of diabetic athletes, and inadequate knowledge about adequate type and intensity of exercise. The aim of the present review is to provide the current understanding of mechanisms, recommendations, and beneficial effects of different modalities of exercise for the treatment of DM.

Lower Physical Fitness Is Associated with Injuries in Iranian National Futsal Teams: A Prospective Study

Background: Several studies have investigated risk factors for injury in different sports. However, little scientific information is available in relation to futsal injuries. Objectives: This study prospectively analyzed the influence of physical fitness parameters on the occurrence of futsal injuries in Iranian national teams. Methods: Prior to the season, all 55 players of 3 Iranian national futsal teams took part in a series of tests for physical fitness parameters such as cardio-respiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, flexibility, agility, and speed. Team physicians recorded all injuries, medical attention, and time loss due to the injury throughout the match and training sessions. Results: During 18 months, 54 futsal injuries were sustained by 32 players. Injured players had poorer performance at baseline in agility, speed, and vertical jump than players who did not incur an injury during the season. Lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values were associated with a higher injury risk. No differences between injured and uninjured players were observed in age, anthropometric data, flexibility, and lower extremity strength. Conclusions: Some physical fitness parameters were associated with the risk of injuries in futsal. Therefore, improving physical fitness might help to reduce the number of futsal injuries.

Assessment of VO2max between Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi Dancers

Dance is the good form of exercise, the movement of the body in a rhythmic way to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself which the body is capable. Though Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi may look similar to the untrained eye, there are many differences which affect the mechanics of movement among practitioners of both art forms. The purpose of this study is to assess the vo2 max of Bharatanatyam and kuchipudi dancers and to find out whether there is any difference in the vo2 max between both the dancers. Total of 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were taken for study; Group A (n=15) Bharatanatyam dancers. Group B (n=15) kuchipudi dancers. Queen’s college step test was used to assess the vo2 max. Pre and post-test heart rate was measured and vo2 max calculated. Statistical analysis was tested with t test at 95% level of significance (p<0.05). The result of the present study suggest that there is no significant difference in the aerobic capacity among Bharatanatyam (Group A) and Kuchipudi (Group B) Dancers when assessed with Queen’s College Step test. Key words: Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Cardio respiratory fitness, VO2 max, Queen’s college step test.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CARDIO-RESPIRATORY FITNESS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT KGMU, LUCKNOW U.P

Introduction:The cardio respiratory fitness is having an greater role in the reduction of morbidity mortality related to the cardiac disease .In India cardiac diseases are the major cause factor for the mortality. Around 80% of death is happening in India due to cardio respiratory diseases. In 18th centuries cardiovascular disease risk age groups lies in the age above 40 years but in the current situation its being reduced to the 25-30 years due to lifestyle changes and dietary alternations. This statistics reveals the importance of early detection of risk contributing factors and the modification of such risk factors. Which can effectively beneficial for the upcoming adults. Need and Significance of the Study:Researcher have noticed high incidence of mortality due to cardiovascular disorder among young adults. The causative factor behind this is poor cardio-respiratory fitness. Thus researcher felt the need to undertake this study to identify the influencing factors of cardio-respiratory fitness among young nursing students. Aim of The Study:To identify and explore the influencing factors of cardio-respiratory fitness among young nursing students. Objectives: 1. To assess influencing factors of cardio-respiratory fitness among nursing students. 2. To determine association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max ,HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected demographic variables. 3. To determine association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max , HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected clinical profile . 4. To determine association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max, HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected diagnostic tests findings.. Methodology:Quantitative research approach was used in this study and exploratory research design was adopted for this study.100 bsc Nursing students from KGMU College was selected for this study and correlation between cardio reperatory determinants and demographic variales was analysed using inferential and non inferential statistical methods. Results :The study results projects that a clear association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max, HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected demographic variables. In the aspect of demographic variables: Family income is showing a significant association with VO2Max and its showing moderate positive correlation with VO2 Max. The study also giving the evidences of significant association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max HRR and Tolerated time in TMT) with selected diagnostic test findings Such as LDL is showing negative correlation & selected clinical profile such as skinfold test is showing a moderate positive correlation with VO2 Max. HDL in the prime parameter of diagnostic findings which is showing a positive correlation with HRR. In The aspect of tolerated time in TMT is showing an association and moderate positive correlation with2D Echo. These results were statistically proving H1, H2, H3.That means there is a significant association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max ,HRR & tolerated time in TMT ) with selected demographic variables, There is a significant association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max ,HRR and Tolerated time in TMT) with selected physical examination findings and There is a significant association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max ,HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected diagnostic tests findings. Conclusion:The study results projects that a clear association and correlation of cardio-respiratory determinants (VO2 max, HRR & Tolerated time in TMT) with selected demographic variables and other parameters such as clinical profiles and diagnostic tests.

Subgroup identification for differential cardio-respiratory fitness effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A model-based recursive partitioning approach

The goal of this study is twofold: i) identification of features associated with three cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and (ii) identification of subgroups with differential treatment effects. Multivariate analysis is performed to identify the features associated with the CVD risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. For subgroup identification, we applied model-based recursive partitioning approach. This method fits a local model in each subgroup of the population rather than fitting one global model for the whole population. The method starts with a model for the overall effect of treatment and checks whether this effect is equally applicable for all individuals under the study based on parameter instability of M fluctuation test over a set of partitioning variables. The procedure produces a segmented model with a differential effect of cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) corresponding to each subgroup. The subgroups are linked to predictive factors learned by the recursive partitioning approach. This approach is applied to the data from the Ball State Adult Fitness Program Longitudinal Lifestyle Study (BALL ST), where we considered the level of CRF as a treatment variable. The overall results indicate that CRF is inversely associated with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The partitioning factors that are selected are related to these risk factors. The subgroup-specific results indicate that for each subgroup, the chance of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia increases with low CRF.

Association and correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, musculo-skeletal and handgrip strength among young adult student girl population in Sullia, Karnataka, India

Background: Obesity is at a rising trend among the childhood age group and is a WHO priority on classification of non-communicable diseases. High income group countries once had a statistically higher percent of obesity problems which has been extended both to the developing and low- income countries. Prevalence rate of obesity in India vary between 11.8% to 31.3% and is higher among the women than men. Obesity also affects the physical and cardio-respiratory fitness thereby leading to a group of metabolic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. An association between BMI, musculo-skeletal and cardio-respiratory fitness is less reported among the young adult girl population in the context of Indian professional students. Aim & Objectives: To assess few of the musculo-skeletal, cardio-respiratory parameters in relation to BMI among the young adult girl students of medical and dental colleges. Material & Methods: One hundred and seventy-one girl students in the range of 19 to 21 years were randomly selected from the educational institute of Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka and were assessed for BMI, muscular strength, handgrip strength, flexibility test, cardio-respiratory test and pulmonary function test by standard methods. Data was analysed. Results: Musculo-skeletal flexibility, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and pulmonary functions have an inverse association when compared to the BMI and weight of the girl students. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight reduces the flexibility, musculoskeletal and cardio-respiratory fitness in addition to the pulmonary functions among the young adult girl population as confirmed by the battery of tests. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.384-389