Energetic cost of breathing, body composition, and pulmonary function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Mazan ◽  
Edward F. Deveney ◽  
Shane DeWitt ◽  
Daniela Bedenice ◽  
Andrew Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Function Testing

This study was conducted to determine whether horses with naturally occurring, severe chronic recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) 1) have a greater resting energy expenditure (REE) than control horses, 2) suffer body mass depletion, and 3) have significantly decreased REE after bronchodilation and, therefore, also 4) whether increased work of breathing contributes to the cachexia seen in some horses with RAO. Six RAO horses and six control horses underwent indirect calorimetric measures of REE and pulmonary function testing using the esophageal balloon-pneumotachograph method before and after treatment with ipratropium bromide, a parasympatholytic bronchodilator agent, at 4-h intervals for a 24-h period. Body condition scoring was performed, and an estimate of fat mass was determined via B-mode ultrasonography. O2 and CO2 fractions, respiratory airflow, respiratory rate, and pleural pressure changes were recorded, and O2 consumption, CO2 production, REE, pulmonary resistance, dynamic elastance, and tidal volume were calculated. In addition, we performed lung function testing and calorimetry both before and after sedation in two control horses. RAO horses had significantly lower body condition scores (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.4 ± 1.2) and significantly greater O2 consumption than controls (4.93 ± 1.30 vs. 2.93 ± 0.70 ml·kg−1·min−1). After bronchodilation, there was no significant difference in O2 consumption between RAO horses and controls, although there remained evidence of residual airway obstruction. There was a strong correlation between O2 consumption and indexes of airway obstruction. Xylazine sedation was not associated with changes in pulmonary function but did result in markedly decreased REE in controls.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effect of non-asthmatic allergic rhinitis on pulmonary functions - A prospective case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jalwa ◽  
Rahul Magazine ◽  
ROHIT SINGH ◽  
Shama Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Allergic Manifestations ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Allergic rhinitis, beginning from childhood, is a global health problem. According to the literature, allergic rhinitis has been found to be associated with asthma and other allergic manifestations. In this study we like to find out the significance and prognostic importance of pulmonary function test (PFT) in allergic rhinitis. Design and setting: The study was carried out over a period of 2 years, with 63 cases and controls each. Subjects in the age of 20-55 years with allergic rhinitis and SFAR score of >/=7 were included as a case. Participants were interviewed and sent for PFT. Controls were recruited from the retrospective data of healthy individuals with pulmonary function parameters done for health checkup. These controls had an SFAR score of <7. Main outcome measures: Clinical data and PFT of cases and controls was used for the study. SFAR score was used to recruit the cases and controls. All the data obtained were analyzed and compared between cases and controls. Results The mean age of the cases and controls were 33.17 +/- 10.817 and 44.41 +/- 7.4, respectively. Majority of cases and controls were males (60.3% and 57.1%). A statistically significant difference in FEF25-75% among cases and controls was noted (p=0.00), thus proving probability of developing small airway obstruction in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion Subjects with allergic rhinitis have a probability of developing small airway obstruction with subclinical changes, hence necessitating the need of regular follow-up.

Diagnosis of Upper Airway Obstruction by Pulmonary Function Testing

CHEST Journal ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold H. Rotman ◽  
Howard P. Liss ◽  
John G. Weg
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Function Testing

The bronchodilator test in patients with airway obstruction: the responsiveness of lung function parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
M. I. Chushkin ◽  
L. A. Popova ◽  
E. A. Shergina ◽  
N. L. Karpina
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calculated Effect ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bronchodilator Responsiveness ◽  
Chronic Airway

Interpretation of bronchodilator (BD) test based on reaction of forced expiratory in one second (FEV 1). For assessing bronchodilator responsiveness of lung volumes, airway resistance remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we assessed the response of pulmonary function parameters to BD to reveal the most responsive parameter. 90 patients with chronic airway obstruction (61 male and 29 female; aged 55±11; post-  BD FEV 1 was 63.1+18.3 % predicted) performed spirometry and static lung volume measurements before and after inhalation of BD. We calculated effect size (ES) for each parameter from the difference between two means divided by the standard deviation of baseline score. There was a significant increase both FVC and FEV 1by 8.2 and 12.3 % from baseline (p<0.001). ES were 0.34 for FEV1 and 0.26 for FVC. The ES for lung volumes were from -0.07 (total lung capacity) to -0.31 (residual volume). The ES for sRtot (specific airway resistance) was -0.5 and ES for sGeff (specific effective airway conductance) was 0.95. The parameters of airway resistance and conductance were more responsive for the assessment of pulmonary function changes than spirometry and lung volumes parameters in patients with chronic airway obstruction.

scholarly journals Effects of Sublingual Duster Mite Drops on Lung Function and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Multiple and Single Allergic Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Tao Ai ◽  
Ronghua Luo ◽  
Yinghong Fan ◽  
Huiling Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Dermatophagoides Farinae ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drug Score ◽  
One Year

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides Farinae Drops in children with single and multiple respiratory allergic diseases. Methods. Seventy-one children with allergic respiratory diseases who had been treated with Dermatophagoides Farinae Drops for one year or more were divided into a single allergic group (12 cases) and multiple allergic group (59 cases). The rhinitis score, daytime and night symptom score of asthma, VAS score, drug score, pulmonary function, and FeNO level before and after treatment were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results. The rhinitis score, night symptom score, VAS score, and drug score in the single allergic group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( p < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference in the daytime symptom score before and after treatment ( p > 0.05 ). The rhinitis score, VAS score, and drug score in the multiple allergic group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( p < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference in the scores of daytime symptoms and nighttime symptoms before and after treatment ( p > 0.05 ). In both the single allergic group and multiple allergic group, the pulmonary function indexes of the patients were significantly improved after treatment, and the FeNO after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment ( p < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in scores, pulmonary function, and FeNO between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Sublingual specific immunotherapy is effective in treating multiple and single allergic respiratory diseases in children.

COPD – Stellenwert der Lungenfunktionsanalyse in Diagnostik und Therapie

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (08) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Windisch ◽  
Carl Criée
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽  
Lung Hyperinflation ◽  
Function Testing

AbstractPulmonary function testing is essential for diagnosis and treatment-guidance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway obstruction as assessed by spirometry should follow the reference-values provided by the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS). In addition, lung function testing should also include the assessment of lung hyperinflation and pulmonary emphysema by full-body plethysmography and determination of diffusion capacity. This is important since both, lung hyperinflation and pulmonary emphysema, can present without existing airway obstruction. Even though this formally excludes the diagnosis of COPD, these entities still belong to this disease complex. However, strictly speaking, pharmaceutical treatment is valid only for those patients with co-existing airway obstruction according to Global Lung Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria – since the absence of airway obstruction serves as exclusion criterion in nearly all randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, progressive symptoms still require detailed pulmonary function testing for the guidance of non-pharmaceutical treatment – such as endoscopic or surgical lung volume reduction, long-term oxygen therapy, long-term non-invasive ventilation, and lung transplantation.

scholarly journals Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation

AbstractEquine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves or broken wind, is one of the most common disease in middle-aged horses. Inflammation of the airway is inducted by organic dust exposure. This disease is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchospasm, excessive mucus production and pathologic changes in the bronchiolar walls. Clinical signs are resolved in 3-4 weeks after environmental changes. Horses suffering from RAO are susceptible to allergens throughout their lives, therefore they should be properly managed. In therapy the most importanthing is to eliminate dust exposure, administration of corticosteroids and use bronchodilators to improve pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal Mask Increases Nasal IgA Levels and Pulmonary Function in Textile Factory Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Arindra Adi Rahardja ◽  
Dhiva Tsuroya Azzahro ◽  
Ika Pawitra Miranti ◽  
Indah Saraswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of

Background. Chronic occupational exposure in textile workers lowers the pulmonary function and levels of sinonasal IgA. A Nephrolepis exaltata herbal mask can protect the respiratory tract. This study aims to understand the effect of this herbal mask on the IgA levels and pulmonary function in textile workers. Thirty employees were selected for this study. Methods. The pre- and post-test randomized experimental control trials were conducted in a garment industry of Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. The subjects that qualified to participate (n = 30) fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e., 20–35 years old, healthy, and willing to be a research subject; and exclusion criteria i.e., having history of alcohol consumption, smoking, history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, pulmonary and heart disease and/or being pregnant. The subjects were then divided randomly into control group (n = 15), who used regular mask that was rewashed and changed every month for eight weeks, and treatment group (n = 15), who used Nephrolepis exaltata mask that was changed every two days for eight weeks. Pulmonary function tests were carried out using MIR Spirolab III before and after the experiment. IgA levels were measured by nasal wash method using ELISA. Results. IgA levels of the treatment group before and after usage of mask were significantly different (p<0.001) compared to the control group. There were significant difference in FVC of the control group, but no significant difference was observed for FEV1 (p=0.507) and PEF (p=0.001). In the treatment group, all three parameters showed significant differences [FVC (p=0.038), FEV1 (p=0.004), and PEF (p=0.001)]. The means of ΔFVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔPEF were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group with OR = 5.1 for higher IgA levels. Conclusions. The herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function compared to the regular mask.

Adult Musicians' Perceived and Measured Pulmonary Function

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Debbie Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Senior Adult ◽  
Senior Adult Musicians ◽  
Basic Level

The research questions for this study were 1) what was the measured pulmonary function of a group of senior adult musicians, and 2) was there a perceived and measured difference between senior adult musicians' pulmonary function scores before and after a rehearsal? The participants in this study were 57 adult musicians in two senior citizen bands in north Texas. Participants completed spirometry tests administered before and after band rehearsals on two occasions to ascertain repeated pulmonary function scores. Results showed that the participants were able to complete the spirometry task at the most basic level. On most pulmonary function measures, younger participants, males, and non-smokers tended to have higher scores. Seven percent of the participants perceived short-term increases in breath capacity after participating in a given rehearsal, and 35% of the participants perceived increases in breath capacity since joining the band. No statistically significant difference between the mean pulmonary function scores were found before and after rehearsal. Implications are addressed concerning the issues related to the measurement and pedagogy of adult music making.

scholarly journals Clara Cell Secretory Protein Is Reduced in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Katavolos ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
L. Viel ◽  
M. E. Clark ◽  
X. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Clara Cell ◽  
Immunogold Label ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clara Cell Secretory Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Active Disease

Horses are prone to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), an inflammatory lung disease induced by repeated exposure to environmental mold, dust, and bacterial components. Active disease manifests with mucus hyperproduction, neutrophilic inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and coughing. Chronically affected animals have lung remodeling characterized by smooth muscle hyperplasia, collagen deposition, lymphoid hyperplasia, and impaired aerobic performance. Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) counters inflammation in the lung, hence we hypothesized that CCSP depletion is a key feature of RAO in horses. Recombinant equine CCSP and specific antiserum were produced, and percutaneous lung biopsies were obtained from 3 healthy horses and from 3 RAO-affected horses before and after induction of RAO. CCSP relative gene expression in tissue, as well as protein concentration in lung lavage fluid, was determined. Immunocytochemical analysis, using both light and immunogold ultrastructural methods, demonstrated reduced CCSP staining in lung tissue of animals with RAO. Immunogold label in Clara cell granules was less in animals with chronic RAO than in normal animals, and absent in animals that had active disease. Median lung lavage CCSP concentration was 132 and 129 ng/ml in healthy horses, and 62 and 24 ng/ml in RAO horses before and after challenge, respectively. CCSP lung gene expression was significantly higher in healthy animals than in animals with chronic RAO. Together, these preliminary findings suggest that reduced production of CCSP and subcellular changes in Clara cells are features of chronic environmentally induced lung inflammation in horses.

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