From heart to muscle: Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-term physical sequelae from SARS-CoV-2 infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Serviente ◽  
Stephen T Decker ◽  
Gwenael Layec
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature

The long-term sequelae of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are multifaceted and, besides the lungs, impact other organs and tissues, even in cases of mild infection. Along with commonly reported symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea, a significant proportion of those with prior COVID-19 infection also exhibit signs of cardiac damage, muscle weakness, and ultimately, poor exercise tolerance. This review provides an overview of evidence indicating cardiac impairments and persistent endothelial dysfunction in the peripheral vasculature of those previously infected with COVID-19, irrespective of the severity of the acute phase of illness. Additionally, VO2peak appears to be lower in convalescent patients, which may stem, in part, from alterations in O2 transport such as impaired diffusional O2conductance. Together, the persistent multi-organ dysfunction induced by COVID-19 may set previously healthy individuals on a trajectory towards frailty and disease. Given the large proportion of individuals recovering from COVID-19, it is critically important to better understand the physical sequelae of COVID-19, the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to these outcomes, and the long-term effects on future disease risk. This review highlights relevant literature on the pathophysiology post-COVID-19 infection, gaps in the literature, and emphasizes the need for the development of evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines.

The Election Campaign as a Liminal Stage — Negotiations over Meanings

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Symbolic World ◽  
The Way

The paper deals with the role and significance of election campaigns through a consideration of the relevant literature in political science, communication and anthropology. The current interpretation of elections as ritual and drama is altered by focusing on V. Turner's concept of liminality. As liminal periods, it is claimed, election campaigns are an active arena for social construction of political worlds. They take an active part in moulding political cognition and thus produce long-term effects. Perceiving elections in this conceptual frame focuses the empirical concern on the different actors participating in moulding old or new social meanings, the way challenging alternatives are presented, negotiated, included or excluded, the way events as well as symbols become meaningful. It reveals the contested as well as the taken-for-granted, unquestioned and thus reinforced political symbolic world.

Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating moderators of long-term effects of exercise on cognition in healthy individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ludyga ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
Uwe Pühse ◽  
Vera N. Looser ◽  
Keita Kamijo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Long Term Effects

Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Cha-Nam Shin ◽  
Colleen Keller ◽  
Jeongha Sim ◽  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Michael Belyea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects

This systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature that described the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction in Korean Americans. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 and identified 14 eligible research reports. All reviewed studies targeted first-generation Korean American adults. Most of the reviewed studies incorporated components of surface structure, and leveraged deep structure in those interventions. Significant changes in cardiovascular health outcomes were reported in most of the reviewed studies; however, the role of cultural factors in the outcomes was rarely evaluated, and few reported long-term effects. Future research needs to consider long-term effects. Deploying cultural factors and evaluating their contributions to the target outcomes will enhance the research on cardiovascular health disparities.

scholarly journals Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Martin Bæk Petersen ◽  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Long Term Effects

Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20–40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25–35 kg/m2) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), active commuting (BIKE, n=19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VO2peak reserve, n=31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VO2peak reserve, n=24). Fasting blood samples (baseline and 3 and 6 months) were analysed for cholesterols and triglycerides, thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolytic activity. We observed no differences between CON, BIKE, MOD, and VIG during the intervention and no time effects for any of the variables measured despite increased VO2peak in all exercise groups. We found no difference between CON and all exercise groups combined and no gender-specific effects of exercise. Our findings suggest that thrombin generation capacity, coagulation activation, fibrin clot structure, and lysability are unaffected by long-term active commuting and leisure-time exercise in women and men who are overweight and obese.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of cranial irradiation for childhood malignancy on sleep in adulthood

2004 ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Van Someren ◽  
J Swart-Heikens ◽  
E Endert ◽  
PH Bisschop ◽  
DF Swaab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cranial Radiation ◽  
Serum Gh

BACKGROUND: Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) is required for successful treatment of a variety of brain tumours in childhood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether childhood CRT leads to altered sleep-wakefulness organization in adulthood, and to identify the determinants of such alterations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjective (questionnaires) and objective (actigraphy) measures of circadian rhythmicity and sleep were assessed in 25 individuals, 8-29 years after CRT for medulloblastoma (n=17) or other intracranial tumours (n=8), and in a group of 34 age-matched healthy individuals. Serum GH peak during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and serum concentrations of prolactin and leptin (expressed per fat mass) were determined in the CRT group. RESULTS: The CRT group showed a markedly increased sleep duration (8.66 h, compared with 7.66 h in controls). In addition, the sleep-wake rhythm showed greater amplitude and less fragmentation, and less tolerance for alterations in the timing of sleep. Regression analysis showed both radiation dosage and neuroendocrine status to be determinants of sleep changes, suggesting that some of the alterations may be normalized with hormone supplementation. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that high-dose cranial radiation therapy in childhood is associated with objective and subjective changes in the sleep-wake rhythm in adulthood.

scholarly journals Mit tudunk az e-cigaretta káros hatásairól?

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (45) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773
Author(s):  
László Béla Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public

Abstract: Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. This has created an entirely new public health dilemma. The central issue in the debate is the disease risk imposed by e-cigarettes. It is generally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are unlikely to be as harmful as conventional cigarettes, but there are little data that quantify their relative harms. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that e-cigarettes can have multiple negative effects. Scientific evidence regarding their human acute health effects is limited. The long term effects in humans are unknown, and there is no evidence that e-cigarettes are safer than tobacco in the long term. This review higlights the recent data regarding e-cigarettes toxicity impact on lung and cardiovascular system. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1767–1773.

scholarly journals Public trust doctrine, research and responsible wildlife management in South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Trust Doctrine

A significant proportion of South African biodiversity occurs in extensive private wildlife areas. As such, the continuance of these private reserves is paramount to conservation of the country’s biodiversity. The areas are, however, vulnerable to being divided into smaller camps as landowners enter into the new and rapidly growing industry of selective breeding and intensive management of antelope and predators. Concerns are being raised as to the long-term consequences of the products and impacts of this industry on, inter alia, integrity and conservation of the country’s wildlife, and the landscapes these facilities are located in, as well as the country’s reputation as a free ranging and fair chase hunting destination. Using the public trust doctrine as a foundation, this article characterises the relationship between the country’s environmental law and the roles played by government as the regulator, the wildlife industry, research and the public in achieving responsible wildlife management and the long-term conservation of this resource. These relationships are seen to be finely balanced between the provision of robust science, and evidence-based and cautious or risk-averse decision-making. It is concluded that the public trust doctrine is a powerful tool to limit the impacts of unsustainable and parochial use of wildlife on the conservation of biodiversity. It is also concluded that an improved understanding of the doctrine by researchers, public and the wildlife industry would lead to a greater relevance of research, and in turn sound evidence-based decision-making and ultimately sustainable use of wildlife.

Multidisciplinary conference to standardize survivorship care.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Beth Rudge ◽  
Megan Lanigan ◽  
Theresa M. Lee ◽  
Lisa Torp ◽  
Kit Yu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Genetic Counselor ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Survivorship Care ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Multidisciplinary Conference

17 Background: Survivors of breast cancer can face a multitude of long term and late effects after completing active treatment. Recommendations for side effect management can vary widely based on professional society guidelines, a provider’s clinical experience, and patient preference. When providing survivorship care in a multidisciplinary institution, maintaining consistent recommendations between providers and disciplines can be a daunting challenge. A cohesive approach is extremely important for a satisfying patient-clinician relationship and for patient safety. Our objective is to create standardized management of breast cancer survivorship issues. Methods: A quarterly Survivorship Multidisciplinary Conference (SMC) was initiated for case review and education on side effect management. The multidisciplinary group included medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, nurse practitioners, nurse navigators, dieticians, physical therapists, social workers, spiritual care, and a genetic counselor. We used an evidence-based approach, including ASCO and NCCN guidelines as well as published peer-reviewed recommendations to create a treatment consensus for side effect management. Clinicians attending SMC were surveyed regarding their approach to late and long term effects of breast cancer pre- and post-SMC and their overall satisfaction with the conference. Results: Prior to involvement in SMC, most providers based their treatment of side effects on their own professional society’s guidelines and their personal clinical experience. After implementing SMC, 60% of providers reported a change in their practice and there was a 37.5% reported increase in the use of ASCO and NCCN survivorship guidelines across disciplines. 94% of providers reported the SMC is effective in providing evidence based guidelines. Providers also reported a high level of satisfaction and that SMC provided opportunity for a more collaborative multidisciplinary approach. Conclusions: Survivorship Multidisciplinary Conference brings multiple specialties together for review of evidence-based approaches to survivorship care, increasing consistency in management of survivors' late and long term effects after completing breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Sports-Related Concussions: Biological Mechanisms and Exosomal Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Ledreux ◽  
Moira K. Pryhoda ◽  
Kim Gorgens ◽  
Kevin Shelburne ◽  
Anah Gilmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biological Mechanisms
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