Treatment with oxandrolone and the durability of effects in older men

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd Schroeder ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Kevin E. Yarasheski ◽  
Dajun Qian ◽  
Yolanda Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Anabolic Androgen ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Proximal Thigh

We investigated the effects of the anabolic androgen, oxandrolone, on lean body mass (LBM), muscle size, fat, and maximum voluntary muscle strength, and we determined the durability of effects after treatment was stopped. Thirty-two healthy 60- to 87-yr-old men were randomized to receive 20 mg oxandrolone/day ( n = 20) or placebo ( n = 12) for 12 wk. Body composition [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging, and 2H2O dilution] and muscle strength [1 repetition maximum (1 RM)] were evaluated at baseline and after 12 wk of treatment; body composition (DEXA) and 1-RM strength were then assessed 12 wk after treatment was discontinued ( week 24). At week 12, oxandrolone increased LBM by 3.0 ± 1.5 kg ( P < 0.001), total body water by 2.9 ± 3.7 kg ( P = 0.002), and proximal thigh muscle area by 12.4 ± 8.4 cm2 ( P < 0.001); these increases were greater ( P < 0.003) than in the placebo group. Oxandrolone increased 1-RM strength for leg press by 6.7 ± 6.4% ( P < 0.001), leg flexion by 7.0 ± 7.8% ( P < 0.001), chest press by 9.3 ± 6.7% ( P < 0.001), and latissimus pull-down exercises by 5.1 ± 9.1% ( P = 0.02); these increases were greater than placebo. Oxandrolone reduced total (-1.9 ± 1.0 kg) and trunk fat (-1.3 ± 0.6 kg; P < 0.001), and these decreases were greater ( P < 0.001) than placebo. Twelve weeks after oxandrolone was discontinued ( week 24), the increments in LBM and muscle strength were no longer different from baseline ( P > 0.15). However, the decreases in total and trunk fat were sustained (-1.5 ± 1.8, P = 0.001 and -1.0 ± 1.1 kg, P < 0.001, respectively). Thus oxandrolone induced short-term improvements in LBM, muscle area, and strength, while reducing whole body and trunk adiposity. Anabolic improvements were lost 12 wk after discontinuing oxandrolone, whereas improvements in fat mass were largely sustained.

scholarly journals Correlates of Physical Functioning and Performance Across the Spectrum of Kidney Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Segura-Ortí ◽  
P. L. Gordon ◽  
J. W. Doyle ◽  
K. L. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which poor physical functioning, low participation in physical activity, and muscle atrophy observed among patients on hemodialysis are evident in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled adults in three groups: no CKD, Stages 3 to 4 CKD, and hemodialysis. Outcomes measured were physical activity, muscle size, thigh muscle strength, physical performance, and self-reported physical function. Patients with CKD had muscle area intermediate between the no CKD and hemodialysis groups, but they had low levels of physical activity that were similar to the hemodialysis group. Physical activity and muscle size were significantly associated with all outcomes. Kidney function was not significantly associated with muscle strength or physical performance after adjustment for physical activity and muscle size. In conclusion, interventions aimed to increase muscle mass and energy expenditure might have an impact on improving physical function of CKD patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone for 1 Year on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Children on Long-Term Steroid Therapy: Randomized Controlled, Delayed-Start Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 2746-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Simon ◽  
Corinne Alberti ◽  
Marianne Alison ◽  
Loïc Le Henaff ◽  
Didier Chevenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Rhgh Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Context: Recombinant human GH (rhGH) improves growth and body composition in glucocorticoid-treated children. Its effects on muscle strength are poorly evaluated. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate rhGH effects on muscle strength in children receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy; effects on height SD score (SDS) and body composition were assessed also. Design and Setting: A randomized, controlled, delayed-start study of rhGH for 12 months was started after randomization (baseline) or 6 months later (M6). Patients: Patients included 30 children with various diagnoses. Intervention: rhGH was administered at 0.065 mg/kg/d for 6 months and then in the dosage maintaining serum IGF-I levels below +2 SDS for chronological age. Main Outcome Measures: The primary criterion was the between-group difference in composite index of muscle strength (CIMS) change at M6. Secondary criteria included between-group differences in CIMS SDSheight, lean mass (LM), thigh muscle area (MA), and height SDS changes at M6; these parameters were also assessed in the overall population after 1 year of rhGH therapy. Results: At M6, rhGH therapy did not significantly affect changes in CIMS or CIMS SDSheight (+17.6% vs +7.5% and +0.14 ± 0.38 vs +0.11 ± 0.62, respectively); the rhGH-treated group had significantly larger changes in height SDS (+0.2 [0.3] vs −0.2 [0.3]; P = 0.003), LM (+7.3% [+3.7%; +21.6%] vs 0% [−4.7%; +3.2%]; P = 0.002), and MA (+8.8% [+5%; +15.6%] vs. −0.6% [−6.3%; +7.7%]; P = 0.01) compared with the untreated group. After 1 year of rhGH, height SDS, LM, and MA increased significantly, CIMS increased by 24.7% (+5.8%; +34.2%), and CIMS SDSheight remained within the normal range. Conclusions: rhGH increased height, LM, and MA. However, muscle strength did not improve significantly.

scholarly journals Knee pain in young adult women- associations with muscle strength, body composition and physical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva B Ericsson ◽  
Fiona E McGuigan ◽  
Kristina E Akesson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Knee pain is studied mostly in older age groups, although in young adults it may be an indicator of future impaired musculoskeletal health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between knee pain and thigh muscle strength in young adult women and to explore the associations between muscle strength, body composition, physical activity and knee pain. Methods The PEAK-25 cohort consists of women aged 25 at baseline (N=1064). At the 10-year follow-up n=728 attended for DXA-measured body composition and muscle strength assessment and n=797 answered the questionnaire on health and lifestyle. Independent samples t-test was used to compare women with and without knee pain, Spearman correlation was used to test the longitudinal association between strength and knee pain. Results Knee pain was reported by one third of the women at follow-up (n=260, 33%), although physical activity levels were similar in those with and without pain (high level 50 vs 45 % (p= 0.18). Body composition differed, however. Women with knee pain had higher BMI (25.6 vs 24.1), fat mass index (9.2 vs 8.2) and % total body fat mass (34.7 vs 33.2). Simultaneously, they had lower % lean mass (total body 61.5 vs 62.8; legs 20.6 vs 21.0) and lower thigh muscle strength (extensors 184.9 vs 196.8, flexors 96.6 vs 100.9, p<0.05), but slightly higher hamstrings-to -quadriceps ratio (0.53 vs 0.51, p=0.04). Muscle strength at baseline weakly correlated with knee pain at follow-up (extensor rs= -0.04; flexor -0.02, p>0.2). Overweight women had higher absolute thigh muscle strength, but lower weight-adjusted strength than normal weight women (p<0.001). Leg lean mass explained 26-34% of the variation in muscle strength and adjustment for physical activity level had little effect. Conclusion Knee pain is already common among women in their mid-thirties. Lower thigh muscle strength in the mid-twenties was not associated with future knee pain, however women with knee pain tended to have lower thigh muscle strength and a body composition of higher body fat combined with lower lean mass. Maintaining a healthy body composition and adequate thigh muscle strength may be beneficial for knee joint health.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Lorenzo Cenci ◽  
PierLuigi Pompei ◽  
Nese Sahin ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Background: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach that restricts daily carbohydrates, replacing most of the reduced energy with fat, while maintaining an adequate quantity of protein. Despite the widespread use of KD in weight loss in athletes, there are still many concerns about its use in sports requiring muscle mass accrual. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the influence of a KD in competitive natural body builders. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (27.4 ± 10.5 years) were randomly assigned to ketogenic diet (KD) or to a western diet (WD). Body composition, muscle strength and basal metabolic rate were measured before and after two months of intervention. Standard blood biochemistry, testosterone, IGF-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα) were also measured. Results: Body fat significantly decreased in KD (p = 0.030); whilst lean mass increased significantly only in WD (p < 0.001). Maximal strength increased similarly in both groups. KD showed a significant decrease of blood triglycerides (p < 0.001), glucose (p = 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cytokines compared to WD whilst BDNF increased in both groups with significant greater changes in KD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: KD may be used during body building preparation for health and leaning purposes but with the caution that hypertrophic muscle response could be blunted.

Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Campbell ◽  
Lyndon J. O. Joseph ◽  
Stephanie L. Davey ◽  
Deanna Cyr-Campbell ◽  
Richard A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Repetition Maximum

The effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and whole body composition were examined in 18 men (age range 56–69 yr). The men were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups ( n = 9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/day (924 μg Cr/day) as CrPic or a low-Cr placebo for 12 wk while participating twice weekly in a high-intensity RT program. CrPic increased urinary Cr excretion ∼50-fold ( P < 0.001). RT-induced increases in muscle strength ( P < 0.001) were not enhanced by CrPic. Arm-pull muscle power increased with RT at 20% ( P = 0.016) but not at 40, 60, or 80% of the one repetition maximum, independent of CrPic. Knee-extension muscle power increased with RT at 20, 40, and 60% ( P < 0.001) but not at 80% of one repetition maximum, and the placebo group gained more muscle power than did the CrPic group (RT by supplemental interaction, P < 0.05). Fat-free mass ( P < 0.001), whole body muscle mass ( P < 0.001), and vastus lateralis type II fiber area ( P < 0.05) increased with RT in these body-weight-stable men, independent of CrPic. In conclusion, high-dose CrPic supplementation did not enhance muscle size, strength, or power development or lean body mass accretion in older men during a RT program, which had significant, independent effects on these measurements.

scholarly journals Measurement of Muscle Strength in Haemodialysis Patients by Pinch and Hand Grip Strength and Comparison to Lean Body Mass Measured by Multifrequency Bio-Electrical Impedance

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukie Omichi ◽  
Methavee Srivareerat ◽  
Kwanpeemai Panorchan ◽  
George H.B. Greenhall ◽  
Sanjana Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Segmental Body ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Venous Fistula

Background: Muscle weakness is a risk factor for mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients; we wished to determine whether measuring the composition of the arm with bioimpedance was associated with arm muscle strength. Methods: We measured pinch strength (PS) and hand grip strength (HGS) in 250 adult HD patients with corresponding post-dialysis multifrequency bioelectrical assessments with segmental body analysis. Results: Mean age 64.0 ± 15.6, 66% male and 45.6% diabetic. The maximum HGS in the dominant or non-fistula arm was 18.9 ± 9.2 kg and PS 4.09 ± 1.96 kg respectively, with a correlation of r = 0.80, p < 0.001. HGS was associated with body cell mass (β 0.37, p < 0.001) and PS with appendicular muscle mass (β 0.06, p < 0.001). Both HGS and PS were independently associated with the ratio of extracellular water (ECW) to total body water (TBW); β -139.5, p = 0.024, β -44.8, p < 0.001 in the arm. The presence of an arterio-venous fistula increased the ECW/TBW ratio in the arm from 0.383 ± 0.009 to 0.390 ± 0.012, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Muscle strength measured by HGS and PS was associated with both markers of whole body and segmental body composition within the arm, particularly ECW/TBW. Bioimpedance measurements and assessment of muscle strength should be measured in the non-fistula arm.

Effects of an Alleged Myostatin-Binding Supplement and Heavy Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin, Muscle Strength and Mass, and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training ◽  
Total Body

This study examined 12 wk of resistance training and cystoseim canariensis supplementation on serum levels of myostatin and follistatin-like related gene (FLRG) and muscle strength and body composition. Twenty-two untrained males were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLC) or myostatin binder (MYO) group in a double-blind fashion. Blood was obtained before and after 6 and 12 wk of training. PLC and MYO trained thrice weekly using 3 sets of 6 to 8 repetitions at 85% to 90% 1 repetition maximum. MYO ingested 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. After training, total body mass, fat-free mass, muscle strength, thigh volume/mass, and serum myostatin and FLRG increased for both groups (P < 0.05); however, there were no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Twelve wk of heavy resistance training and 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis supplementation appears ineffective at inhibiting serum myostatin and increasing muscle strength and mass or decreasing fat mass.

scholarly journals Ten-week Whole-body Vibration Training Improves Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Obese Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Francesco Piscitelli ◽  
Maria Grazia Zenti ◽  
Paolo Moghetti ◽  
Marco Sandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

scholarly journals Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Jon Schoenfeld ◽  
Alan Aragon ◽  
Colin Wilborn ◽  
Stacie L. Urbina ◽  
Sara E. Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Equal Dose ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
University Population ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Anabolic Window ◽  
Composition Changes

The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (>1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25 g protein and 1 g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of three weekly sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed with three sets of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute the contention of a narrow post-exercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was consumed.

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