Probiotics in Intestinal Mucosal Healing: A New Therapy or an Old Friend?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation, while their pathogenesis remains mostly unelucidated. Gut commensal microbiota seem to be one of the various implicated factors, as several studies have shown a significant decrease in the microbiome diversity of patients with IBD. Although the question of whether microbiota dysbiosis is a causal factor or the result of chronic inflammation remains unanswered, one fact is clear; active inflammation in IBD results in the disruption of the mucus layer structure, barrier function, and also, colonization sites. Recently, many studies on IBD have been focusing on the interplay between mucosal and luminal microbiota, underlining their possible beneficial effect on mucosal healing. Regarding this notion, it has now been shown that specific probiotic strains, when administrated, lead to significantly decreased inflammation, amelioration of colitis, and improved mucosal healing. Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in adequate quantity. The aim of this review was to present and discuss the current findings on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in intestinal wound healing and the effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosal wound closure.

The Optimization of the Number of Halal Auditor to Improve Halal Product Assurance in Indonesia (The Perspective of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee)

The lack of quantity of halal auditors has implications for the less than optimal implementation of halal product guarantee in Indonesia, so it is necessary to compare with Brunei Darussalam in standardizing halal auditors. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. The results of the study indicate that halal auditors still need to optimize the quantity of halal auditors so that they are more optimal in halal and there will be an increase in halal product guarantee in Indonesia. Comparative with Brunei Darussalam, apart from an adequate quantity of halal auditors, there is also a code of ethics for trainee auditors (halal auditors), Indonesia needs to optimize the number of halal auditors and also have a code of ethics for halal auditors. So the results are more optimal and in accordance with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 Year 2014 on Halal Product Guarantee.

RESPONSE OF CHINA ASTER (CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS L.) GENOTYPES TOWARDS FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GA3

China Aster is one of the most popular flower that are used in ornamental garden. The demand for cut flowers of China aster is increasing day by day, but it has not been possible to supply the adequate amount of flowers especially during the festival season. The area under flower production is increasing year after year but farmers are not getting quality seeds in adequate quantity as very few farmers are taking up seed production because flower seeds loose their viability earlier than crop seeds. So, production of adequate quantity of quality seeds is essential to meet the demand. The present investigation was undertaken in Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, B.C.K.V., Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during Rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20. Over two consecutive years, six genotypes were evaluated the potentiality of for its growth and flowering, as well as to estimate the influence of GA3 through foliar application at pre-flowering stage on its seed production. In field three treatments were considered viz. T1 (control i.e.no application of GA3), T2 (GA3@50ppm), T3 (GA3@100ppm). According to the size of flowers, highest was recorded in Local Mix (G6). So, it could be considered as the best performer genotype considering flower diameter. Seed yield plant-1 was recorded highest in Local White (G5), it could be considered as the best performer genotype considering its higher number of flowers plant-1 and number of seeds flower-1. GA3 (100 ppm) could be utilized in a better way for greater enhancement in all those important parameters as overall influence of GA3 has been found to improve seed yield plant-1 and all the important attributes. Concomitant consideration of seed yield and its important attributes may indicate to recommend foliar application of 100 ppm GA3 for enhancement in seed yield in all the genotypes. Similar to the seed yield and its attributes, plant growth and development have been noticed to be positively influenced by GA3 concentrations with a higher side after 100 ppm, may lead to recommend foliar application of 100 ppm GA3 for commercial cultivation of this crop irrespective of the genotypes.

Ion exchange with copper-tetraamine on NaA (LTA) type synthesised zeolite

A crop growing in the right quantity and quality can only be secured if nutrients are provided in an adequate quantity and available form. Copper (Cu) has primary importance among microelements in growing winter wheat. Lack of Cu hinders nitrogen uptake by plants. Therefore, increasing bioavailability is important in crop production. It has been conducted successful foliar fertilisation experiments with Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate for several years. The efficiency of the applied compound was enhanced by the application of a retarded nutrient-supply. To secure retardation, ion exchange was carried out in NaA type synthesized zeolite with Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate. Structure of Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate, and zeolite ion-exchanged by copper-tetraamine was analysed with a derivatograph and X-ray diffraction. Derivatograph analyses revealed heat stability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that copper-tetramine ions exchanged a significant part of the sodium ions of zeolite in ion exchange.

Colostro como fonte imunológica e nutricional na criação de bezerras de aptidão leiteira

Facing the absence of transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins to the bovine newborn, the primary objective of this review was to address the colostrum relevance as an immunological source and care needed to perform an adequate colostrum intake. Aiming at the maximum absorption of maternal immunoglobulins, we highlight the maintenance of a colostrum bank in dairy farms, focusing in providing high quality colostrum, in adequate quantity and at the right time after birth. Also, the use of surplus colostrum and transition milk in the form of silage is discussed, being it a restricted nutritional alternative for dairy calves, compared to others, such as whole milk and milk replacers.

Building an ‘Industrial Engineering Mindset’ among Indian Healthcare Executives: Toward Management of Healthcare Facilities at an Industrial Scale post the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the necessity of good quality and adequate quantity of healthcare infrastructure facilities. Healthcare facilities were provided for COVID-19 facilities with improvisation and supplementary lateral infrastructure from other sectors. However, the main point of contemplation going into the future was regarding how to quickly develop healthcare facilities. The subject domain of ‘industrial engineering’ (IE) and its associated perspectives could provide some key insights regarding this. The authors undertook a conceptual literature review and provided theoretical argumentation toward this. The findings provided insights regarding the application of industrial engineering concepts in healthcare facilities and services.

Modeling water demand in a growing public university in Nigeria

Nigerian university campuses are facing the twin problems of providing portable water of adequate quantity and quality and the sustainability of such supply. This paper examines the water demand status of a public University in Nigeria. Domestic, Public and Industrial water uses were considered while population forecasting was done using regression analysis for a 30 years design period (2018 – 2048). Results reveals possible population increase of 53.8 % by 2048 when the institution will clock 60 years. Water demand is also expected to rise sharply from 5,206 m3 day -1 (2018) to 10,959 m3 day -1 (2048); existing storage capacity cannot satisfy the current needs not to talk of the projected demand hence, a reservoir of about 11,000 m3 will be needed to service the university for the next 30 years; attracting more investments into the water supply system becomes imperative as the existing supplies from groundwater is unsustainable. Keywords: Water Demand; Population; University; Sustainability; Growth

Role of Rhizobium on Growth and Development of Groundnut: A Review

To fulfill the demand of increased population it is very essential to enhance crop productivity with precise inputs. Non-judicious application of inorganic fertilizers and other agrochemicals is degrading soil health, creating environmental pollution and also contributing to climate change. Nowadays, people became more aware towards health risks and demand for quality foods with less chemical residues is increasing as there is a progression of demand for organic products. But it is very difficult to produce adequate quantity of organic foods for the raised population in the developing countries as per standard organic practices. That’s why judicious use of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures and biofertilizers is required to supply nutrients to crops. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Rhizobium inoculation in groundnut (a major oilseed crop) can boost crop growth and enhance yield in a sustainable manner. Further, Rhizobium has multifaceted advantages in crop nutrient uptake and soil quality improvement. The article described the role of PGPR as well as Rhizobium in growth and productivity of groundnut towards production sustainability.

ROLE OF NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING - A REVIEW

Regular menstrual cycles with adequate quantity and duration of bleeding indicate good reproductive health, with variations in these being reflected as menorohagia, oligomenorrbea, dysmenorrbea, PCOD, infertility etc. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is particularly common during adolescence and perimenopausal periods. It has been defined as a state of excessive uterine bleeding without clinically detectable organic, systemic and iatrogenic causes. DUB is caused by the abnormal functioning of hypothalamo – pituitary – ovarian axis. Nasya is a term applied generally when the medicine is administered through the nasal passage. It is considered as the most specific Panchakarama therapy used for the diseases of Siras (head) or Urdva jatru region, as nasal passage is regarded as the gateway to the head. In the present article the possible role of Nasya in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is discussed. Nasya indirectly work on the entire body by improving the functioning of central nervous system and endocrine glands. The neurons which stimulate production of GnRH, originates from the olfactory area and GnRH is the regulator of gonadotropin hormones. The hormones of menstruation are under the control of these secreted by the pituitary. Nasya which is considered as having direct action on neuro-endocrinological system may regulate HPO axis and normalize the menstruation.

Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders

Background: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach that restricts daily carbohydrates, replacing most of the reduced energy with fat, while maintaining an adequate quantity of protein. Despite the widespread use of KD in weight loss in athletes, there are still many concerns about its use in sports requiring muscle mass accrual. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the influence of a KD in competitive natural body builders. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (27.4 ± 10.5 years) were randomly assigned to ketogenic diet (KD) or to a western diet (WD). Body composition, muscle strength and basal metabolic rate were measured before and after two months of intervention. Standard blood biochemistry, testosterone, IGF-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα) were also measured. Results: Body fat significantly decreased in KD (p = 0.030); whilst lean mass increased significantly only in WD (p < 0.001). Maximal strength increased similarly in both groups. KD showed a significant decrease of blood triglycerides (p < 0.001), glucose (p = 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cytokines compared to WD whilst BDNF increased in both groups with significant greater changes in KD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: KD may be used during body building preparation for health and leaning purposes but with the caution that hypertrophic muscle response could be blunted.