Effects of an Alleged Myostatin-Binding Supplement and Heavy Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin, Muscle Strength and Mass, and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training ◽  
Total Body

This study examined 12 wk of resistance training and cystoseim canariensis supplementation on serum levels of myostatin and follistatin-like related gene (FLRG) and muscle strength and body composition. Twenty-two untrained males were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLC) or myostatin binder (MYO) group in a double-blind fashion. Blood was obtained before and after 6 and 12 wk of training. PLC and MYO trained thrice weekly using 3 sets of 6 to 8 repetitions at 85% to 90% 1 repetition maximum. MYO ingested 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. After training, total body mass, fat-free mass, muscle strength, thigh volume/mass, and serum myostatin and FLRG increased for both groups (P < 0.05); however, there were no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Twelve wk of heavy resistance training and 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis supplementation appears ineffective at inhibiting serum myostatin and increasing muscle strength and mass or decreasing fat mass.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didy E Jacobsen ◽  
Monique M Samson ◽  
Marielle H Emmelot-Vonk ◽  
Harald J J Verhaar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of raloxifene and placebo on body composition and muscle strength.DesignRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 198 healthy women aged 70 years or older conducted between July 2003 and January 2008 at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive raloxifene 60 mg or placebo daily for 12 months. Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, and change from baseline was calculated. Main outcome measures were body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle strength, and muscle power (maximum voluntary isometric knee extension strength, explosive leg extensor power, and handgrip strength).ResultsAt 12 months, the body composition of women taking raloxifene was significantly different from that of women taking placebo: fat-free mass (FFM) had increased by a mean of 0.83 (2.4) kg in the raloxifene group versus 0.03 (1.5) kg in the placebo group (P=0.05), and total body water had increased by a mean of 0.6 (1.8) litres in the raloxifene group versus a decrease of 0.06 (1.1) litres in the placebo group (P=0.02). Muscle strength and power were not significantly different.ConclusionRaloxifene significantly changed body composition (increased FFM; increased water content) compared with placebo in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Accounting for height in indices of body composition during childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O'Keeffe ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Age And Sex

Correlations of body composition with height vary by age and sex during childhood. Standard approaches to accounting for height in measures of body composition (dividing by height (in meters)2) do not take this into account. Using measures of total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) at ages nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 years from a longitudinal UK cohort study (ALSPAC), we calculated indices of body composition at each age by dividing measures by height (in meters)2. We then produced age-and sex-specific powers of height using allometric regressions and calculated body composition indices by dividing measures by height raised to these powers. TBM, FM and FFM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 11 in females. In males, TBM and FM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 15 years while FM divided by height2 was correlated with height up-to age 11 years. Indices of body composition using age-and sex-specific powers were not correlated with height at any age. In early life, age-and sex-specific powers of height, rather than height in meters2, should be used to adjust body composition for height when measures of adiposity/mass independent of height are required.

Decreased Serum Levels of C-Terminal Agrin in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby ◽  
Kaitlan N. Beretich ◽  
Marcus Chen ◽  
LesLee K. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Elevated circulating C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) is a marker of neuromuscular junction degradation and sarcopenia. This study sought to determine if resistance training (RT) impacted the serum levels of CAF in perimenopausal (PERI-M) and postmenopausal (POST-M) women. A total of 35 women, either PERI-M or POST-M, participated in 10 weeks of RT. Body composition, muscle strength, and serum estradiol and CAF were determined before and after the RT. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (p ≤ .05). Upper body and lower body strength was significantly increased, by 81% and 73% and 86% and 79% for the PERI-M and POST-M participants, respectively; however, there were no significant changes in body composition. Estradiol was significantly less for the POST-M participants at pretraining compared with the PERI-M participants. CAF moderately increased by 22% for the PERI-M participants in response to RT, whereas it significantly decreased by 49% for the POST-M participants. Ten weeks of RT reduced the circulating CAF in the POST-M women and might play a role in attenuating degenerative neuromuscular junction changes.

scholarly journals Specific Collagen Peptides in Combination with Resistance Training Improve Body Composition and Regional Muscle Strength in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jendricke ◽  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Hand Grip

The aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise combined with supplementation of specific collagen peptides (SCP) on body composition and muscle strength in premenopausal women. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial 77 premenopausal women completed a 12-week resistance training (3 day/week) and ingested 15 g of SCP or placebo on a daily basis. Changes in body composition were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and muscular strength by isometric strength testing. The treatment group (TG) significantly increased (p < 0.001) their percentage of fat-free mass. Although the control group (CG) also showed a significant (p < 0.01) gain in fat-free mass from pre- to post-training, the increase in the TG was significantly higher in an RMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). Regarding the change in percentage body fat, a significant decline was observed in both TG (p < 0.001) and CG (p < 0.01), with a significantly higher reduction in the TG (p < 0.05). Subjects receiving 15 g of collagen peptides daily also showed a significantly higher gain in hand-grip strength compared to those performing resistance training only (p < 0.05). In both groups, the gain in leg strength (TG = p < 0.001; CG = p < 0.01) was significant after 12 weeks with a more pronounced effect in the treatment group. In conclusion, resistance training in combination with supplementation of SCP induced a significantly higher increase in fat-free mass and hand-grip strength than resistance training and placebo supplementation. In addition, there was a significantly higher loss in fat mass and a more pronounced increase in leg strength in the treatment group compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training and Soy Isoflavone on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Lera Orsatti ◽  
Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas ◽  
Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽  
Nailza Maesta ◽  
Cláudio Lera Orsatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Soy Isoflavone

Objective. To investigate the independent and additive effects of resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone (ISO) on body composition in postmenopausal women (PW).Method. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blind (soy), randomized (ISO versus placebo) × (RT versus No RT) design. A total of 80 PW, aged 45–70 years, were randomly (71 completed 9-months intervention): RT + ISO (n=15), No RT + ISO (n=20), RT + placebo (n=18), and No RT + placebo (n=18). ISO received 100 mg a day of isoflavone; and to RT attended supervised resistance training sessions. At baseline and 9-months, fat and muscle mass were estimated by DXA. ANOVA and testtwere used.Results. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (35.2%) and muscle mass (1.4%). Exercising attenuated gains in fat trunk and % body fat (P<.05). Significant decreases in muscle mass (−1.8%) and increases in fat mass of the whole-body (1.6%) and trunk (9.7%) was found in no-RT groups (P<.05). In ISO groups, there were no differences in body composition and muscle strength. ISO and RT had no additive effects.Conclusion. In PW: RT improved muscle mass and strength and attenuated gain of fat mass; ISO did not alter body composition and muscle strength; there were no additive effects of RT and ISO.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Performance Supplement Combined with Resistance Training on Exercise Volume, Muscular Strength, and Body Composition

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Dean Directo ◽  
Michael W.H. Wong ◽  
Marcus L. Elam ◽  
Paul Falcone ◽  
Adam Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Branched Chain

The effects of a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) incorporating a mixture of branched chain amino acids, beta-alanine, glutamine, creatine, and piperine on resistance training (RT)-induced adaptations remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of this investigational MIPS during six weeks of RT on performance and body composition. Thirty recreationally trained males and females were recruited for this pair-matched, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation. Subjects were assigned to consume either an experimental MIPS (MIPS) (n = 15) or a placebo (PLA) (n = 15) concurrently with a six-week periodized RT program. Body composition, one-repetition maximum (1RM), and muscular power were assessed at pre- and post-training. Weekly relative volume load was compared between groups. The MIPS and PLA groups demonstrated a significant increase in total body mass (MIPS = +2.9 ± 1.3%; PLA = +2.5 ± 1.7%) and lean mass (MIPS = +5.0 ± 2.1%; PLA = +3.1 ± 1.9%) (p < 0.001) with no changes in fat mass. There were no group × time interactions for any of the body composition measures. Both groups demonstrated similar improvements in maximum strength for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift as well as lower body power from pre- to post-training (p < 0.001). Within the limitations of the current investigation, results failed to demonstrate the benefits of the experimental MIPS for muscular strength and body composition across six weeks of RT compared to PLA.

Traditional Versus Optimum Power Load Training in Professional Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Power Load

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of optimum power load training (OPT, training with an individualized load and repetitions that maximize power output) and traditional resistance training (TRT, same number of repetitions and relative load for all individuals) in professional cyclists. Methods: Participants (19 [1] y, peak oxygen uptake 75.5 [6] mL/kg/min) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks (2 sessions per week) of TRT (n = 11) or OPT (n = 9), during which they maintained their usual cycle training schedule. Training loads were continuously registered, and measures of muscle strength/power (1-repetition maximum and maximum mean propulsive power on the squat, hip thrust, and lunge exercises), body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and endurance performance (assessed on both an incremental test and an 8-min time trial) were collected before and at the end of the intervention. Results: OPT resulted in a lower average intensity (percentage of 1-repetition maximum) during resistance training sessions for all exercises (P < .01), but no differences were found for overall training loads during resistance or cycling sessions (P > .05). Both programs led to significant improvements in all strength/power-related parameters, muscle mass (with no changes in total body mass but a decreased fat mass), and time-trial performance (all Ps < .05). A trend toward increased power output at the respiratory compensation point was also found (P = .056 and .066 for TRT and OPT, respectively). No between-groups differences were noted for any outcome (P > .05). Conclusion: The addition of either TRT or OPT to an endurance training regimen of elite cyclists results in similar improvements of body composition, muscle strength/power, and endurance performance.

L-Carnitine Supplementation Combined with Aerobic Training Does Not Promote Weight Loss in Moderately Obese Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph G. Villani ◽  
Jenelle Gannon ◽  
Megan Self ◽  
Peter A. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

L-Carnitine (L-C) transports fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation and is marketed as a weight loss supplement. In a double-blind investigation to test the weight loss efficacy of L-C, 36 moderately overweight premenopausal women were pair matched on Body Mass Index (BMI) and randomly assigned to two groups (N = 18). For 8 weeks the L-C group ingested 2 g twice daily of L-C, while the placebo (P) group ingested the same amount of lactose. All subjects walked for 30 min (60—70% maximum heart rate) 4 days/ week. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate utilization were estimated before and after treatment. For the subjects who completed the study (15 P, 13 L-C), no significant changes in mean total body mass (TBM), fat mass FM, and resting lipid utilization occurred over time, nor were there any significant differences between groups for any variable. Conversely REE increased significantly for all subjects, but no between group differences existed. Five of the L-C group experienced nausea or diarrhea and consequently did not complete the study. Eight weeks of L-C ingestion and walking did not significantly alter the TBM or FM of overweight women, thereby casting doubt on the efficacy of L-C supplementation for weight loss.

Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Children and Adolescents before and after a Lifestyle Modification Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lyra ◽  
Alexandre José Bonfitto ◽  
Vera Lucia P. Barbosa ◽  
Ana Cristina Bezerra ◽  
Carlos Alberto Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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