scholarly journals Exercise-induced AMPK activation does not interfere with muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in men

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Lundberg ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽  
Per A. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Myostatin Gene

As aerobic exercise (AE) may interfere with adaptations to resistance exercise (RE), this study explored acute and chronic responses to consecutive AE (∼45 min cycling) and RE (4 × 7 maximal knee extensions) vs. RE only. Ten men performed acute unilateral AE + RE interspersed by 15 min recovery. The contralateral leg was subjected to RE. This exercise paradigm was then implemented in a 5-wk training program. Protein phosphorylation, gene expression, and glycogen content were assessed in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of both legs immediately before and 3 h after acute RE. Quadriceps muscle size and in vivo torque were measured, and muscle samples were analyzed for citrate synthase activity and glycogen concentration, before and after training. Acute AE reduced glycogen content (32%; P < 0.05) and increased ( P < 0.05) phosphorylation of AMPK (1.5-fold) and rpS6 (1.3-fold). Phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 remained unchanged. Myostatin gene expression was downregulated after acute AE + RE but not RE. Muscle size showed greater ( P < 0.05) increase after AE + RE (6%) than RE (3%) training. Citrate synthase activity (18%) and endurance performance (22%) increased ( P < 0.05) after AE + RE but not RE. While training increased ( P < 0.05) in vivo muscle strength in both legs, normalized and concentric torque increased after RE only. Thus AE activates AMPK, reduces glycogen stores, and impairs the progression of concentric force, yet muscle hypertrophic responses to chronic RE training appear not to be compromised.

Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
D. A. Henson ◽  
J. Walberg-Rankin ◽  
M. Shute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Tnf Α

Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at ∼70% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) on two occasions while receiving 1 l/h carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) beverages. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, cortisol, glucose, and insulin. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Plasma glucose and insulin were higher, and cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra, but not IL-8, were significantly lower postexercise in CHO vs. Pla. Change in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla ( P = 0.246). Muscle cytokine mRNA content was detected preexercise for seven cytokines in this order (highest to lowest): IL-15, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-12p35, IL-6, and IFN-γ. After subjects ran for 3 h, gene expression above prerun levels was measured for five of these cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (large increases), and IL-10 and TNF-α (small increases). The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) was attenuated in CHO (15.9-fold) compared with Pla (35.2-fold) for IL-6 ( P = 0.071) and IL-8 (CHO, 7.8-fold; Pla, 23.3-fold; P = 0.063). CHO compared with Pla beverage ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra and gene expression for IL-6 and IL-8 in athletes running 3 h at 70%V˙o 2 max despite no differences in muscle glycogen content.

Determining the Force-Length-Velocity Relations of the Quadriceps Muscles: I. Anatomical and Geometric Parameters

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Chow ◽  
Warren G. Darling ◽  
James C. Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Effective Moment

The purpose of this study was to determine the coordinates of the origin and insertion, muscle volumes, lengths, lines of action, and effective moment arm of the quadriceps muscles in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiography for a pilot study involving musculoskeletal modeling. Two magnetic resonance scans were performed, and axial images were obtained for the left thigh of a female subject in the anatomical position to measure muscle volume, coordinates of the origin and insertion, and muscle belly length at the anatomical position of each quadriceps muscle. Six knee radiographs were used to determine the effective moment arm of the quadriceps force at different knee flexion angles. A combination of MRI and radiography data was used to compute the muscle lengths at different knee flexion angles. The coordinates of the vastus lateralis, muscle volumes of individual quadriceps muscles, and effective moment arms were clearly different from the corresponding values from cadaver data reported in the literature. These comparisons demonstrate the advantages of using personalized muscle parameters instead of those collected from cadavers and dry-bone specimens.

Aerobic exercise does not compromise muscle hypertrophy response to short-term resistance training

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Lundberg ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽  
Thomas Gustafsson ◽  
Per A. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After

This study tested the hypothesis that chronic aerobic and resistance exercise (AE+RE) would elicit greater muscle hypertrophy than resistance exercise only (RE). Ten men (25 ± 4 yr) performed 5 wk unilateral knee extensor AE+RE. The opposing limb was subjected to RE. AE completed 6 hr prior to RE consisted of ∼45 min one-legged cycle ergometry. RE comprised 4 × 7 maximal concentric-eccentric knee extensions. Various indexes of in vivo knee extensor function were measured before and after training. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed m. quadricep femoris (QF) cross-sectional area (CSA), volume, and signal intensity (SI). Biopsies obtained from m. vastus lateralis determined fiber CSA, enzyme levels, and gene expression of myostatin, atrogin-1, MuRF-1, PGC-1α, and VEGF. Increases ( P < 0.05) in isometric strength and peak power, respectively, were comparable in AE+RE (9 and 29%) and RE (11 and 24%). AE+RE showed greater increase (14%; P < 0.05) in QF volume than RE (8%). Muscle fiber CSA increased 17% after AE+RE ( P < 0.05) and 9% after RE ( P > 0.05). QF SI increased (12%; P < 0.05) after AE+RE, but not RE. Neither AE+RE nor RE showed altered mRNA levels. Citrate synthase activity increased ( P < 0.05) after AE+RE. The results suggest that the increased aerobic capacity shown with AE+RE was accompanied by a more robust increase in muscle size compared with RE. Although this response was not carried over to greater improvement in muscle function, it remains that intense AE can be executed prior to RE without compromising performance outcome.

Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
V. A. Brown ◽  
D. A. Henson ◽  
C. L. Dumke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tnf Α

Thirty strength-trained subjects were randomized to carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) groups and lifted weights for 2 h (10 exercises, 4 sets each, 10 repetitions, with 2- to 3-min rest intervals). Subjects received 10 ml·kg-1·h-1 CHO (6%) or Pla beverages during the weight training bout. Blood, saliva, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Blood cell counts were determined, and plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, and cortisol. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α) by use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Significant but modest increases were measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but the pattern of increase did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. The rate of decrease in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla ( P = 0.463). Muscle cytokine mRNA was detected preexercise for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, and TNF-α, and of these, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly increased after the 2-h weight training bout. The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. In summary, CHO vs. Pla ingestion did not alter modest increases measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, and muscle gene expression for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in strength-trained subjects lifting weights intensively for 2 h.

Oxidative capacity and glycogen content increase more in arm than leg muscle in sedentary women after intense training

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai B. Nordsborg ◽  
Luke Connolly ◽  
Pál Weihe ◽  
Enzo Iuliano ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sedentary Women

The hypothesis that the adaptive capacity is higher in human upper- than lower-body skeletal muscle was tested. Furthermore, the hypothesis that more pronounced adaptations in upper-body musculature can be achieved by “low-volume high-intensity” compared with “high-volume low-intensity” exercise training was evaluated. A group of sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 ± 6 yr (± SD) with expected high adaptive potential in both upper- and lower-extremity muscle groups participated. After random allocation to high-intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), moderate-intensity swimming (MOS, n = 21), soccer (SOC, n = 21) or a nontraining control group (CON, n = 20), the training groups completed three workouts per week for 15 wk. Resting muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle and deltoideus muscle before and after the intervention. After the training intervention, a larger ( P < 0.05) increase existed in deltoideus muscle of the HIS group compared with vastus lateralis muscle of the SOC group for citrate synthase maximal activity (95 ± 89 vs. 27 ± 34%), citrate synthase protein expression (100 ± 29 vs. 31 ± 44%), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity (35 ± 43 vs. 3 ± 25%), muscle glycogen content (63 ± 76 vs. 20 ± 51%), and expression of mitochondrial complex II, III, and IV. Additionally, HIS caused higher ( P < 0.05) increases than MOS in deltoideus muscle citrate synthase maximal activity, citrate synthase protein expression, and muscle glycogen content. In conclusion, the deltoideus muscle has a higher adaptive potential than the vastus lateralis muscle in sedentary women, and “high-intensity low-volume” training is a more efficient regime than “low-intensity high-volume” training for increasing the aerobic capacity of the deltoideus muscle.

Plasma glucose kinetics during exercise in subjects with high and low lactate thresholds

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1873-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
R. J. Spina ◽  
J. P. Kirwan ◽  
D. M. Bier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Group A

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the rate of plasma glucose oxidation during exercise is inversely related to muscle respiratory capacity. To this end, 14 subjects were studied: in 7 of these subjects, the blood lactate threshold (LT) occurred at a relatively high intensity [i.e., at 65 +/- 2% of peak cycle ergometer oxygen uptake (VO2 peak)], whereas in the other 7 subjects, LT occurred at a relatively low intensity (i.e., at 45 +/- 2% of VO2 peak). VO2peak did not differ between the two groups, but citrate synthase activity in the vastus lateralis muscle was 53% higher (P < 0.05) in the high LT group. A primed continuous infusion of [U-13C]glucose was used to quantify rates of glucose appearance (Ra), disappearance (Rd), and oxidation (R(ox)) during 90 min of exercise at 55% VO2peak. Although both absolute and relative rates of oxygen uptake during exercise were similar in the two groups, mean Ra and Rd were 17% lower (P < 0.001) in the high LT group, and mean R(ox) was 25% lower (21.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 27.9 +/- 2.6 mumol.min-1.kg-1; P < 0.001). The percentage of total energy derived from glucose oxidation was inversely related to muscle citrate synthase activity (r = -0.85; P < 0.01). These data support the concept that skeletal muscle respiratory capacity has a major role in determining the metabolic response to submaximal exercise.

Assessment of cancer prevention effect of exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Vafaee ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Sina Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Mohammadreza Razzaghi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Training Intervention

There are many documents about benefits of exercise on human health. However, evidences indicate to positive effect of exercise on disease prevention, understanding of many aspects of this mechanism need more investigations. Determination of critical genes which effect human health. GSE156249 including 12 gene expression profiles of healthy individual biopsy from vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12-week combined exercise training intervention were extracted from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The significant DEGs were included in interactome unit by Cytoscape software and STRING database. The network was analyzed to find the central nodes subnetwork clusters. The nodes of prominent cluster were assessed via gene ontology by using ClueGO. Number of 8 significant DEGs and 100 first neighbors analyzed via network analysis. The network includes 2 clusters and COL3A1, BGN, and LOX were determined as central DEGs. The critical DEGs were involved in cancer prevention process.

Muscle blood flow during exercise in sedentary and trained hypothyroid rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. H1949-H1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McAllister ◽  
M. D. Delp ◽  
K. A. Thayer ◽  
M. H. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Vastus Intermedius

Hypothyroidism is characterized by exercise intolerance. We hypothesized that active muscle blood flow during in vivo exercise is inadequate in the hypothyroid state. Additionally, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training would restore normal blood flow during acute exercise. To test these hypotheses, rats were made hypothyroid (Hypo) over 3-4 mo with propylthiouracil. A subset of Hypo rats was trained (THypo) on a treadmill at 30 m/min (15% grade) for 60 min/day 5 days/wk over 10-15 wk. Hypothyroidism was evidenced by approximately 80% reductions in plasma triiodothyronine levels in Hypo and THypo and by 40-50% reductions in citrate synthase activities in high oxidative muscles in Hypo compared with euthyroid (Eut) rats. Training efficacy was indicated by increased (25-100%) citrate synthase activities in muscles of THypo vs. Hypo. Regional blood flows were determined by the radiolabeled microsphere method before exercise and at 1-2 min of treadmill running at 15 m/min (0% grade). Preexercise muscle blood flows were generally similar among groups. During exercise, however, flows were lower in Hypo than in Eut for high oxidative muscles such as the red section of vastus lateralis [277 +/- 24 and 153 +/- 13 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut and Hypo, respectively; P < 0.01] and vastus intermedius (317 +/- 32 and 187 +/- 20 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut and Hypo, respectively; P < 0.01) muscles. Training (THypo) did not normalize these flows (168 +/- 24 and 181 +/- 24 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for red section of vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles, respectively). Blood flows to low oxidative muscle, such as the white section of vastus lateralis muscle, were similar among groups (21 +/- 5, 25 +/- 4, and 34 +/- 7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for Eut, Hypo, and THypo, respectively; P = NS). These findings indicate that hypothyroidism is associated with reduced blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise, suggesting that impaired delivery of nutrients to and/or removal of metabolites from skeletal muscle contributes to the poor exercise tolerance characteristic of hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health with lifelong exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1636-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Gries ◽  
Ulrika Raue ◽  
Ryan K. Perkins ◽  
Kaleen M. Lavin ◽  
Brittany S. Overstreet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Fitness ◽  
Lifelong Exercise

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic lifelong exercise (LLE) on maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) and skeletal muscle metabolic fitness in trained women ( n = 7, 72 ± 2 yr) and men ( n = 21, 74 ± 1 yr) and compare them to old, healthy nonexercisers (OH; women: n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr; men: n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr) and young exercisers (YE; women: n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr; men: n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr). LLE men were further subdivided based on intensity of lifelong exercise and competitive status into performance (LLE-P, n = 14) and fitness (LLE-F, n = 7). On average, LLE exercised 5 day/wk for 7 h/wk over the past 52 ± 1 yr. Each subject performed a maximal cycle test to assess V̇o2maxand had a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy to examine capillarization and metabolic enzymes [citrate synthase, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD), and glycogen phosphorylase]. V̇o2maxhad a hierarchical pattern (YE > LLE > OH, P < 0.05) for women (44 ± 2 > 26 ± 2 > 18 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) and men (53 ± 3 > 34 ± 1 > 22 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) and was greater ( P < 0.05) in LLE-P (38 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) than LLE-F (27 ± 2 ml·kg−1·min−1). LLE men regardless of intensity and women had similar capillarization and aerobic enzyme activity (citrate synthase and β-HAD) as YE, which were 20%–90% greater ( P < 0.05) than OH. In summary, these data show a substantial V̇o2maxbenefit with LLE that tracked similarly between the sexes, with further enhancement in performance-trained men. For skeletal muscle, 50+ years of aerobic exercise fully preserved capillarization and aerobic enzymes, regardless of intensity. These data suggest that skeletal muscle metabolic fitness may be easier to maintain with lifelong aerobic exercise than more central aspects of the cardiovascular system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lifelong exercise (LLE) is a relatively new and evolving area of study with information especially limited in women and individuals with varying exercise intensity habits. These data show a substantial maximal oxygen consumption benefit with LLE that tracked similarly between the sexes. Our findings contribute to the very limited skeletal muscle biopsy data from LLE women (>70 yr), and similar to men, revealed a preserved metabolic phenotype comparable to young exercisers.

Effect of hormonal and substrate backgrounds on cell membrane function in normal males

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Fantini ◽  
J. P. Roberts ◽  
S. F. Lowry ◽  
J. D. Albert ◽  
K. J. Tracey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Tibialis Muscle ◽  
Group B

Hormonal and substrate influences on in vivo cellular membrane function were evaluated in 15 healthy male volunteers. Each subject underwent serial evaluations of membrane function in the anterior tibialis muscle, as assessed by transcutaneous measurement of resting membrane potential (Em). Group A subjects (n = 9) underwent measurement of resting Em in the basal state and again during the 10th day of intravenous feeding (IVF). Group B subjects (n = 6) underwent measurement of resting Em in the basal state during epinephrine infusion and again during epinephrine infusion on the 7th day of IVF. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle permitted calculation of transmembrane electrolyte distribution from the Nernst equation, using the measured Em and the chloride space method. Hospitalization with intake of a defined-formula enteral diet for 3 days resulted in depolarization (P less than 0.05) of resting Em (-75.3 +/- 1.6 mV) compared with normal (-79.8 +/- 0.9 mV). Despite 10 days of subsequent IVF, further depolarization (P less than 0.05) of resting Em (-71.2 +/- 1.2 mV) was observed. In the dual presence of IVF and exogenous epinephrine infusion, there was an increase (P less than 0.05) in intracellular potassium concentration and repolarization of resting Em (-80.6 +/- 0.8 mV) to normal levels. These data indicate that hormonal background and substrate availability contribute to the in vivo modulation of cellular membrane function in human skeletal muscle, possibly through facilitation of sodium-dependent amino acid transport across the cell membrane.

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