Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease

We conducted, in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), a thorough assessment of neuromotor function and performance in conjunction with phenotypic analyses of skeletal muscle tissue, and further tested the adaptability of PD muscle to high-intensity exercise training. Fifteen participants with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2–3) completed 16 wk of high-intensity exercise training designed to simultaneously challenge strength, power, endurance, balance, and mobility function. Skeletal muscle adaptations ( P < 0.05) to exercise training in PD included myofiber hypertrophy (type I: +14%, type II: +36%), shift to less fatigable myofiber type profile, and increased mitochondrial complex activity in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar fractions (I: +45–56%, IV: +39–54%). These adaptations were accompanied by a host of functional and clinical improvements ( P < 0.05): total body strength (+30–56%); leg power (+42%); single leg balance (+34%); sit-to-stand motor unit activation requirement (−30%); 6-min walk (+43 m), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39, −7.8pts); Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total (−5.7 pts) and motor (−2.7 pts); and fatigue severity (−17%). Additionally, PD subjects in the pretraining state were compared with a group of matched, non-PD controls (CON; did not exercise). A combined assessment of muscle tissue phenotype and neuromuscular function revealed a higher distribution and larger cross-sectional area of type I myofibers and greater type II myofiber size heterogeneity in PD vs. CON ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, persons with moderately advanced PD adapt to high-intensity exercise training with favorable changes in skeletal muscle at the cellular and subcellular levels that are associated with improvements in motor function, physical capacity, and fatigue perception.

Download Full-text

Rehabilitative Impact of Exercise Training on Human Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Programs in Parkinson’s Disease

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.00653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Kaleen M. Lavin ◽

Yongchao Ge ◽

Stuart C. Sealfon ◽

Venugopalan D. Nair ◽

Katarzyna Wilk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle

Download Full-text

Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2019-0403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 1391-1394

Author(s):

Martin J. MacInnis ◽

Lauren E. Skelly ◽

F. Elizabeth Godkin ◽

Brian J. Martin ◽

Thomas R. Tripp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Difference

The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.

Download Full-text

High‐intensity exercise training enhances mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in a temperature‐dependent manner in human skeletal muscle: implications for exercise performance

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.201900106rrr ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 8976-8989 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matteo Fiorenza ◽

Anders K. Lemminger ◽

Mathias Marker ◽

Kasper Eibye ◽

F. Marcello Iaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

High Intensity ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Temperature Dependent

Download Full-text

Differential regulation of the fiber type-specific gene expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoforms induced by exercise training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 117 (5) ◽

pp. 544-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marc P. Morissette ◽

Shanel E. Susser ◽

Andrew N. Stammers ◽

Kimberley A. O'Hara ◽

Phillip F. Gardiner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Calcium Atpase ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Type I ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Ii Fibers ◽

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium

The regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) 1a and SERCA2a in different skeletal muscle fiber types has yet to be elucidated. Sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2-kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress a mutated and inactivated AMPKα2 subunit, were utilized to characterize how genotype or exercise training influenced the regulation of SERCA isoforms in gastrocnemius. As expected, both Sed and Ex KD mice had >40% lower AMPK phosphorylation and 30% lower SERCA1a protein than WT mice ( P < 0.05). In contrast, SERCA2a protein was not different among KD and WT mice. Exercise increased SERCA1a and SERCA2a protein content among WT and KD mice, compared with their Sed counterparts. Maximal SERCA activity was lower in KD mice, compared with WT. Total phospholamban protein was higher in KD mice than in WT and lower in Ex compared with Sed mice. Exercise training increased phospholamban Ser16 phosphorylation in WT mice. Laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR indicated that SERCA1a mRNA expression among type I fibers was not altered by genotype or exercise, but SERCA2a mRNA was increased 30-fold in WT+Ex, compared with WT+Sed. In contrast, the exercise-stimulated increase for SERCA2a mRNA was blunted in KD mice. Exercise upregulated SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA among type II fibers, but was not altered by genotype. Collectively, these data suggest that exercise differentially influences SERCA isoform expression in type I and type II fibers. Additionally, AMPKα2 influences the regulation of SERCA2a mRNA in type I skeletal muscle fibers following exercise training.

Download Full-text

Effects of aging and Parkinson’s disease on motor unit remodeling: influence of resistance exercise training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 888-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Neil A. Kelly ◽

Kelley G. Hammond ◽

C. Scott Bickel ◽

Samuel T. Windham ◽

S. Craig Tuggle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Neuromuscular Junction ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Motor Unit ◽

Type I ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Age Related ◽

Myofiber Type

Aging muscle atrophy is in part a neurodegenerative process revealed by denervation/reinnervation events leading to motor unit remodeling (i.e., myofiber type grouping). However, this process and its physiological relevance are poorly understood, as is the wide-ranging heterogeneity among aging humans. Here, we attempted to address 1) the relation between myofiber type grouping and molecular regulators of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability; 2) the impact of motor unit remodeling on recruitment during submaximal contractions; 3) the prevalence and impact of motor unit remodeling in Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease; and 4) the influence of resistance exercise training (RT) on regulators of motor unit remodeling. We compared type I myofiber grouping, molecular regulators of NMJ stability, and the relative motor unit activation (MUA) requirement during a submaximal sit-to-stand task among untrained but otherwise healthy young (YA; 26 yr, n = 27) and older (OA; 66 yr, n = 91) adults and OA with PD (PD; 67 yr, n = 19). We tested the effects of RT on these outcomes in OA and PD. PD displayed more motor unit remodeling, alterations in NMJ stability regulation, and a higher relative MUA requirement than OA, suggesting PD-specific effects. The molecular and physiological outcomes tracked with the severity of type I myofiber grouping. Together these findings suggest that age-related motor unit remodeling, manifested by type I myofiber grouping, 1) reduces MUA efficiency to meet submaximal contraction demand, 2) is associated with disruptions in NMJ stability, 3) is further impacted by PD, and 4) may be improved by RT in severe cases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Because the physiological consequences of varying amounts of myofiber type grouping are unknown, the current study aims to characterize the molecular and physiological correlates of motor unit remodeling. Furthermore, because exercise training has demonstrated neuromuscular benefits in aged humans and improved innervation status and neuromuscular junction integrity in animals, we provide an exploratory analysis of the effects of high-intensity resistance training on markers of neuromuscular degeneration in both Parkinson’s disease (PD) and age-matched older adults.

Download Full-text

Preservation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in older adults: relationship between mitochondria, fibre type and high-intensity exercise training

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jp273950 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 595 (11) ◽

pp. 3345-3359 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Victoria L. Wyckelsma ◽

Itamar Levinger ◽

Michael J. McKenna ◽

Luke E. Formosa ◽

Michael T. Ryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Fibre Type ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Mitochondrial Content

Download Full-text

331 Effect of high-intensity exercise training on MCT1 and MCT4 content in human skeletal muscle

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30828-9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

D. Bishop ◽

C. Thomas ◽

J. Edge ◽

J. Mercier

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Intensity Exercise

Download Full-text

Low frequency of bipolar disorder, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and punding in Brazilian patients with Parkinson's disease

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462010000100012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 62-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arthur Kummer ◽

Fernando M. V. Dias ◽

Francisco Cardoso ◽

Antonio L. Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Psychiatric Examination ◽

Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome ◽

Disorder Type

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of bipolar disorder, dopamine dysregulation syndrome and punding in Parkinson's disease patients from a Brazilian movement disorders clinic. METHOD: One hundred patients underwent a comprehensive psychiatric examination composed of MINI-plus and specific questionnaires to investigate dopamine dysregulation syndrome and punding. RESULTS: We identified, respectively, one and five Parkinson's disease patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II. All manic/hypomanic episodes occurred before Parkinson's disease onset. No patient was identified with dopamine dysregulation syndrome or punding. CONCLUSION: The frequency of manic/hypomanic episodes seems to decrease with Parkinson's disease onset, and local environmental factors (e.g. drug availability) may be responsible for the low frequency of dopamine dysregulation syndrome and punding in Brazilian Parkinson's disease patients.

Download Full-text