Acute exercise-induced changes in basal VLDL-triglyceride kinetics leading to hypotriglyceridemia manifest more readily after resistance than endurance exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Yiannis E. Tsekouras ◽  
Konstantinos I. Prentzas ◽  
Konstantinos N. Basioukas ◽  
Stergoula G. Matsama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Strenuous Exercise

Resistance training is considered less effective than endurance training in lowering plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Acutely, however, a single bout of strenuous exercise, whether endurance or resistance, increases the efficiency of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG removal from the circulation and leads to hypotriglyceridemia. The comparative effects of these two types of exercise on VLDL-TG metabolism are not known. We therefore examined basal VLDL-TG kinetics by using stable isotope-labeled tracers in seven healthy, nonobese, untrained young men in the postabsorptive state, the morning after a single 90-min bout of either low-intensity endurance exercise (∼30% of peak oxygen consumption) or high-intensity resistance exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions for 12 exercises at 80% of peak torque production), matched for total energy expenditure (∼400 kcal), or an equivalent period of rest on the preceding afternoon. Compared with rest, resistance exercise lowered fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentration by −28 ± 10% ( P = 0.034), increased VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate by 30 ± 8% ( P = 0.003), and shortened the mean residence time (MRT) of VLDL-TG in the circulation by −36 ± 11 min ( P = 0.016), whereas endurance exercise had no effect (all P > 0.05). Basal VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate was greater ( P = 0.003) and VLDL-TG MRT was shorter ( P = 0.012) the morning after resistance than endurance exercise. We conclude that, for the same total energy expenditure, resistance exercise is more potent than endurance exercise in eliciting changes in VLDL-TG metabolism that have been linked with hypotriglyceridemia, and it should thus be considered as an alternative to or in addition to endurance exercise for the control of plasma TG concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of endogenous carbohydrate availability on oral medium-chain triglyceride oxidation during prolonged exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Jeukendrup ◽  
W. H. Saris ◽  
R. Van Diesen ◽  
F. Brouns ◽  
A. J. Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study examined the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oxidation rate of oral carbohydrate (CHO) + MCT supplements after a glycogen-depletion trial [low glycogen (LG)] and in the glycogen-loaded state [normal-to-high glycogen (HG)]. Eight elite athletes cycled four times 90 min at 50% maximal workload (57% maximal O2 uptake). In two trials, they followed a LG protocol to achieve low-glycogen stores in the leg muscles the evening before the experiment, and in two trials they followed a HG protocol. Subjects received a bolus of 4 ml/kg at the start and 2 ml/kg every 20 min during exercise of either a 15% CHO (long-chain glucose polymer) solution or an equicaloric CHO + MCT suspension. Exogenous MCT oxidation was measured by adding a [1,1,1-13C]trioctanoate tracer to the MCT oil and measuring 13CO2 production in the breath. The results show that 85% of MCT ingested was oxidized in LG and 69% in HG during the 60- to 90-min period. There was no statistically significant difference in MCT utilization between LG and HG. Peak oxidation rates were 0.15 and 0.13 g/min, respectively. MCT contributed 7.6% (LG) and 6.5% (HG) to total energy expenditure during the 60- to 90-min period. Total fatty acid oxidation was significantly elevated in the LG trial but was not influenced by MCT ingestion. Concomitantly, CHO oxidation was reduced in LG but no effect of MCT was observed. We conclude that 1) the contribution of MCT to total energy expenditure was small and 2) strenuous exercise the day before the experiment, followed by a low CHO intake and leading to a low CHO availability, substantially increased total fat oxidation but did not significantly increase MCT oxidation.

The Effects of Time to Completion on Total Energy Expenditure during Resistance Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ryan Miskowiec ◽  
Arnold G. Nelson ◽  
Cardyl Trionfante ◽  
Neil Johannsen ◽  
Laura Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Time To Completion

Influence of Diet and Exercise on Energy Expenditure—A Review

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Van Zant
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Thermic Effect

Maintenance of a healthy body weight results from equating total enegy intake to total energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate, RMR, the thermic effect of feeding, TEF; the thermic effect of activity, TEA, and adaptive thermogenesis, AT). Dietary quantity and composition and acute and chrvnic exercise have been shown to influence all components of total energy expenditure. This paper reviews the effects of exercise and diet on energy expenditure and, ultimately, energy balance. Overnutrition increases RMR and TEF while undernutrition decreases them. Carbohydrate and protein oxidation is closely tied to intake whereas fat oxidation does not closely parallel fat intake. Thus excess fat intake is likely to lead to fat storage. Acute endurance exercise at >70% increases postexercise RMR and TEF. Chronic exercise training may increase RMR while also increasing TEF. Review of the research indicates that energy balance may best be achieved by consuming an energy appropriate, low fat diet complemented by endurance exercise.

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P < 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People

scholarly journals Training Effects on ROS Production Determined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Master Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mrakic-Sposta ◽  
Maristella Gussoni ◽  
Simone Porcelli ◽  
Lorenzo Pugliese ◽  
Gaspare Pavei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Acute exercise induces an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production dependent on exercise intensity with highest ROS amount generated by strenuous exercise. However, chronic repetition of exercise, that is, exercise training, may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks high-intensity discontinuous training (HIDT), characterized by repeated variations of intensity and changes of redox potential, on ROS production and antioxidant capacity in sixteen master swimmers. Time course changes of ROS generation were assessed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in capillary blood by a microinvasive approach. An incremental arm-ergometer exercise (IE) until exhaustion was carried out at both before (PRE) and after (POST) training (Trg) period. A significant (P<0.01) increase of ROS production from REST to the END of IE in PRE Trg (2.82±0.66versus3.28±0.66 µmol·min−1) was observed. HIDT increased peak oxygen consumption (36.1±4.3versus40.6±5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1PRE and POST Trg, resp.) and the antioxidant capacity (+13%) while it significantly decreased the ROS production both at REST (−20%) and after IE (−25%). The observed link between ROS production, adaptive antioxidant defense mechanisms, and peak oxygen consumption provides new insight into the correlation between ROS response pathways and muscle metabolic function.

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