scholarly journals Effect of endogenous carbohydrate availability on oral medium-chain triglyceride oxidation during prolonged exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Jeukendrup ◽  
W. H. Saris ◽  
R. Van Diesen ◽  
F. Brouns ◽  
A. J. Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study examined the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oxidation rate of oral carbohydrate (CHO) + MCT supplements after a glycogen-depletion trial [low glycogen (LG)] and in the glycogen-loaded state [normal-to-high glycogen (HG)]. Eight elite athletes cycled four times 90 min at 50% maximal workload (57% maximal O2 uptake). In two trials, they followed a LG protocol to achieve low-glycogen stores in the leg muscles the evening before the experiment, and in two trials they followed a HG protocol. Subjects received a bolus of 4 ml/kg at the start and 2 ml/kg every 20 min during exercise of either a 15% CHO (long-chain glucose polymer) solution or an equicaloric CHO + MCT suspension. Exogenous MCT oxidation was measured by adding a [1,1,1-13C]trioctanoate tracer to the MCT oil and measuring 13CO2 production in the breath. The results show that 85% of MCT ingested was oxidized in LG and 69% in HG during the 60- to 90-min period. There was no statistically significant difference in MCT utilization between LG and HG. Peak oxidation rates were 0.15 and 0.13 g/min, respectively. MCT contributed 7.6% (LG) and 6.5% (HG) to total energy expenditure during the 60- to 90-min period. Total fatty acid oxidation was significantly elevated in the LG trial but was not influenced by MCT ingestion. Concomitantly, CHO oxidation was reduced in LG but no effect of MCT was observed. We conclude that 1) the contribution of MCT to total energy expenditure was small and 2) strenuous exercise the day before the experiment, followed by a low CHO intake and leading to a low CHO availability, substantially increased total fat oxidation but did not significantly increase MCT oxidation.

Acute exercise-induced changes in basal VLDL-triglyceride kinetics leading to hypotriglyceridemia manifest more readily after resistance than endurance exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Yiannis E. Tsekouras ◽  
Konstantinos I. Prentzas ◽  
Konstantinos N. Basioukas ◽  
Stergoula G. Matsama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Strenuous Exercise

Resistance training is considered less effective than endurance training in lowering plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Acutely, however, a single bout of strenuous exercise, whether endurance or resistance, increases the efficiency of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG removal from the circulation and leads to hypotriglyceridemia. The comparative effects of these two types of exercise on VLDL-TG metabolism are not known. We therefore examined basal VLDL-TG kinetics by using stable isotope-labeled tracers in seven healthy, nonobese, untrained young men in the postabsorptive state, the morning after a single 90-min bout of either low-intensity endurance exercise (∼30% of peak oxygen consumption) or high-intensity resistance exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions for 12 exercises at 80% of peak torque production), matched for total energy expenditure (∼400 kcal), or an equivalent period of rest on the preceding afternoon. Compared with rest, resistance exercise lowered fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentration by −28 ± 10% ( P = 0.034), increased VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate by 30 ± 8% ( P = 0.003), and shortened the mean residence time (MRT) of VLDL-TG in the circulation by −36 ± 11 min ( P = 0.016), whereas endurance exercise had no effect (all P > 0.05). Basal VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate was greater ( P = 0.003) and VLDL-TG MRT was shorter ( P = 0.012) the morning after resistance than endurance exercise. We conclude that, for the same total energy expenditure, resistance exercise is more potent than endurance exercise in eliciting changes in VLDL-TG metabolism that have been linked with hypotriglyceridemia, and it should thus be considered as an alternative to or in addition to endurance exercise for the control of plasma TG concentrations.

scholarly journals Estimating Total Energy Expenditure for Fire-Fighters during Large Scale Disaster Response Training Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2789
Author(s):  
Nao Koizumi ◽  
Yotaro Negishi ◽  
Hitomi Ogata ◽  
Randeep Rakwal ◽  
Naomi Omi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Job Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Job Rank

The present study was conducted to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) of fire-fighters using tri axial-accelerometers in conjunction with an activity log survey on a large number of subjects undergoing training mimicking a large-scale disaster. Subjects were 240 fire-fighters participating in a two-day fire-fighting training dedicated to large-scale natural disasters. Data was analyzed by job type of activity group and the job rank, and by comparing the average. The average TEE of the total survey training period is about 3619 (±499) kcal, which is the same value of expenditure for professional athletes during the soccer game season. From the activity group, the rescue and other teams consumed significantly more energy than the fire and Emergency Medical Team (EMS) teams. From the job rank, Fire Captain (conducting position) consumed significantly lower energy than the Fire Lieutenant and Fire Sergeant. Furthermore, it was found that a middle position rank consumed the most energy. This research supports a need to reconsider the current rescue food (and protocols) to supplement the energy expenditure of fire-fighters. In addition, since there was a significant difference between the job type and the job rank, it is necessary to examine the energy amount and shape suitable for each.

High-level medium-chain triglyceride feeding and energy expenditure in normal-weight women

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrou ◽  
Gene R. Herzberg ◽  
Matthew D. White
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

The objective of this study was to assess how short-term feeding of high levels of dietary medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) affect energy expenditure and postprandial substrate oxidation rates in normal-weight, premenopausal women. Eight healthy women were fed both a MCT-rich and an isocaloric long-chain triglyceride (LCT)-rich diet for two 1-week periods separated by a minimum of 21 days. The energy intake in each diet was 45% carbohydrates, 40% fat, and 15% protein. The 2 diets had either 60.81% or 1.11% of total fat energy from MCT with the remaining fat energy intake from LCT. On days 1 and 7 of each diet, resting metabolic rate and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) were measured by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood. Results indicated on days 1 and 7, there were no significant differences between diets for resting metabolic rate or mean postprandial EE. On both days 1 and 7, fat oxidation for the MCT-rich diet was significantly greater (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.04) than that for the LCT-rich diet at different time points across the 5.5 h postprandial period. In conclusion, for premenopausal, normal-weight women consuming a diet with 25% of the energy content from MCT, there were no changes in resting metabolic rate, transient increases in postprandial energy expenditure, and significant increases in postprandial fat oxidation.

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P < 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People

scholarly journals Effect of smoking status on total energy expenditure

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Bradley ◽  
Lindsey A Johnson ◽  
Zhumin Zhang ◽  
Amy F Subar ◽  
Richard P Troiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure

Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Measured with the Bicarbonate-Urea Method in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. J. Paton ◽  
M. Elia ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
G. Jennings ◽  
D. C. MacAllan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Urea Method ◽  
Resting Energy

1. Our objectives were to measure total energy expenditure, the daily variation in total energy expenditure and the physical activity level in a group of HIV-positive subjects using the bicarbonate-urea method. The study also aimed to assess the practicalities of using the bicarbonate-urea technique in free-living conditions. 2. Total energy expenditure was measured with the bicarbonate-urea method over 2 consecutive days (1 day in one subject) in 10 male patients with HIV infection (median CD4 count = 30). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Physical activity level (total energy expenditure/resting energy expenditure) was calculated from these measurements and from activity diaries. 3. Resting energy expenditure was found to be 7.46 ± 0.87 MJ/day, 5% higher than predicted values. Total energy expenditure was 10.69 ± 1.95 MJ/day with an intra-individual day-to-day variation of 6 ± 6%. The measured physical activity level was 1.42 ± 0.14, higher than the diary estimate of 1.34 ± 0.16 (P = 0.029), and there were large inter-method differences in individual values. The subcutaneous infusion of bicarbonate was well tolerated and did not seem to restrict normal activities. 4. Total energy expenditure was not elevated in the group of HIV-positive subjects when compared with reference values for normal subjects. The physical activity level of the patients in this study was lower than that measured using other techniques in healthy young men, but was compatible with that expected for people leading a sedentary lifestyle. Reductions in physical activity in patients with HIV are likely to contribute to the wasting process and physical activity level may thus be a clinically useful measure. This study has also provided the first tracer estimate of the day-to-day variation in total energy expenditure. The bicarbonate-urea method represents an important new investigative tool for measuring total energy expenditure which has previously only been possible within the confines of a whole-body calorimeter or using the expensive doubly labelled water method.

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