Decoupling the actions of the eyes from the hand alters beta and gamma synchrony within SPL

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. Sayegh ◽  
Kara M. Hawkins ◽  
Bogdan Neagu ◽  
J. Douglas Crawford ◽  
Kari L. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Hand Orientation ◽  
Visuomotor Transformations

Eye-hand coordination is crucial for our ability to interact with the world around us. However, much of the visually guided reaches that we perform require a spatial decoupling between gaze direction and hand orientation. These complex decoupled reaching movements are in contrast to more standard eye and hand reaching movements in which the eyes and the hand are coupled. The superior parietal lobule (SPL) receives converging eye and hand signals; however, what is yet to be understood is how the activity within this region is modulated during decoupled eye and hand reaches. To address this, we recorded local field potentials within SPL from two rhesus macaques during coupled vs. decoupled eye and hand movements. Overall we observed a distinct separation in synchrony within the lower 10- to 20-Hz beta range from that in the higher 30- to 40-Hz gamma range. Specifically, within the early planning phase, beta synchrony dominated; however, the onset of this sustained beta oscillation occurred later during eye-hand decoupled vs. coupled reaches. As the task progressed, there was a switch to low-frequency and gamma-dominated responses, specifically for decoupled reaches. More importantly, we observed local field potential activity to be a stronger task (coupled vs. decoupled) and state (planning vs. execution) predictor than that of single units alone. Our results provide further insight into the computations of SPL for visuomotor transformations and highlight the necessity of accounting for the decoupled eye-hand nature of a motor task when interpreting movement control research data.

scholarly journals Differential Recordings of Local Field Potential:A Genuine Tool to Quantify Functional Connectivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer Gabriel ◽  
Caponcy Julien ◽  
Paul A. Salin ◽  
Comte Jean-Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Electrophysiological Method ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp

AbstractLocal field potential (LFP) recording is a very useful electrophysiological method to study brain processes. However, this method is criticized for recording low frequency activity in a large area of extracellular space potentially contaminated by distal activity. Here, we theoretically and experimentally compare ground-referenced (RR) with differential recordings (DR). We analyze electrical activity in the rat cortex with these two methods. Compared with RR, DR reveals the importance of local phasic oscillatory activities and their coherence between cortical areas. Finally, we show that DR provides a more faithful assessment of functional connectivity caused by an increase in the signal to noise ratio, and of the delay in the propagation of information between two cortical structures.

Differences in spectral profiles between rostral and caudal premotor cortex when hand-eye actions are decoupled

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. Sayegh ◽  
Kara M. Hawkins ◽  
Kari L. Hoffman ◽  
Lauren E. Sergio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Spectral Profiles

The aim of this research was to understand how the brain controls voluntary movement when not directly interacting with the object of interest. In the present study, we examined the role of premotor cortex in this behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize the oscillatory activity within the caudal and rostral subdivisions of dorsal premotor cortex (PMdc and PMdr) with a change from the most basic reaching movement to one that involves a simple dissociation between the actions of the eyes and hand. We were specifically interested in how PMdr and PMdc respond when the eyes and hand are decoupled by moving along different spatial planes. We recorded single-unit activity and local field potentials within PMdr and PMdc from two rhesus macaques during performance of two types of visually guided reaches. During the standard condition, a visually guided reach was performed whereby the visual stimulus guiding the movement was the target of the reach itself. During the nonstandard condition, the visual stimulus provided information about the direction of the required movement but was not the target of the motor output. We observed distinct task-related and topographical differences between PMdr and PMdc. Our results support functional differences between PMdr and PMdc during visually guided reaching. PMdr activity appears more involved in integrating the rule-based aspects of a visually guided reach, whereas PMdc is more involved in the online updating of the decoupled reach. More broadly, our results highlight the necessity of accounting for the nonstandard nature of a motor task when interpreting movement control research data.

scholarly journals Modulation of high- and low-frequency components of the cortical local field potential via nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in anesthetized mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Kalmbach ◽  
Jack Waters
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Stimulus Offset ◽  
Frequency Power ◽  
Ach Receptors

Release of acetylcholine (ACh) in neocortex is important for learning, memory and attention tasks. The primary source of ACh in neocortex is axons ascending from the basal forebrain. Release of ACh from these axons evokes changes in the cortical local field potential (LFP), including a decline in low-frequency spectral power that is often referred to as desynchronization of the LFP and is thought to result from the activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Using channelrhodopsin-2, we selectively stimulated the axons of only cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in primary somatosensory cortex of the urethane-anesthetized mouse while monitoring the LFP. Cholinergic stimulation caused desynchronization and two brief increases in higher-frequency power at stimulus onset and offset. Desynchronization (1–6 Hz) was localized, extending ≤ 1 mm from the edge of stimulation, and consisted of both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-mediated components that were inhibited by mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Hence we have identified a nicotinic receptor-mediated component to desynchronization. The increase in higher-frequency power (>10 Hz) at stimulus onset was also mediated by activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. However, the increase in higher-frequency power (10–20 Hz) at stimulus offset was evoked by activation of muscarinic receptors and inhibited by activation of nicotinic receptors. We conclude that the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors in neocortex exerts several effects that are reflected in distinct frequency bands of the cortical LFP in urethane-anesthetized mice.

scholarly journals Thalamic Local Field Potentials Are Related to Long-Term DBS Effects in Tourette Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marceglia ◽  
Marco Prenassi ◽  
Tommaso F. Galbiati ◽  
Mauro Porta ◽  
Edvin Zekaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Local field potential (LFP) recordings helped to clarify the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS) and to define new strategies for deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment for refractory TS, based on the delivery of stimulation in accordance with changes in the electrical activity of the DBS target area. However, there is little evidence on the relationship between LFP pattern and DBS outcomes in TS.Objective: To investigate the relationship between LFP oscillations and DBS effects on tics and on obsessive compulsive behavior (OCB) comorbidities.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and LFP recordings from 17 patients treated with DBS of the centromedian-parafascicular/ventralis oralis (CM-Pf/VO) complex, and followed for more several years after DBS in the treating center. In these patients, LFPs were recorded either in the acute setting (3–5 days after DBS electrode implant) or in the chronic setting (during impulse generator replacement surgery). LFP oscillations were correlated with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) collected at baseline (before DBS surgery), 1 year after DBS, and at the last follow-up available.Results: We found that, at baseline, in the acute setting, the power of the oscillations included in the 5–15-Hz band, previously identified as TS biomarker, is correlated with the pathophysiology of tics, being significantly correlated with total YGTSS before DBS (Spearman's ρ = 0.701, p = 0.011). The power in the 5–15-Hz band was also correlated with the improvement in Y-BOCS after 1 year of DBS (Spearman's ρ = −0.587, p = 0.045), thus suggesting a relationship with the DBS effects on OCB comorbidities.Conclusions: Our observations confirm that the low-frequency (5–15-Hz) band is a significant biomarker of TS, being related to the severity of tics and, also to the long-term response on OCBs. This represents a step toward both the understanding of the mechanisms underlying DBS effects in TS and the development of adaptive DBS strategies.

scholarly journals Chronic Stability of Single-Channel Neurophysiological Correlates of Gross and Fine Reaching Movements in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Bundy ◽  
David J Guggenmos ◽  
Maxwell D Murphy ◽  
Randolph J. Nudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Reaching Movements

AbstractFollowing injury to motor cortex, reorganization occurs throughout spared brain regions and is thought to underlie motor recovery. Unfortunately, the standard neurophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of post-lesion plasticity are only indirectly related to observed changes in motor execution. While substantial task-related neural activity has been observed during motor tasks in rodent primary motor cortex and premotor cortex, the long-term stability of these responses in healthy rats is uncertain, limiting the interpretability of longitudinal changes in the specific patterns of neural activity during motor recovery following injury. This study examined the stability of task-related neural activity associated with execution of reaching movements in healthy rodents. Rats were trained to perform a novel reaching task combining a ‘gross’ lever press and a ‘fine’ pellet retrieval. In each animal, two chronic microelectrode arrays were implanted in motor cortex spanning the caudal forelimb area (rodent primary motor cortex) and the rostral forelimb area (rodent premotor cortex). We recorded multiunit spiking and local field potential activity from 10 days to 7-10 weeks post-implantation to characterize the patterns of neural activity observed during each task component and analyzed the consistency of channel-specific task-related neural activity. Task-related changes in neural activity were observed on the majority of channels. While the task-related changes in multi-unit spiking and local field potential spectral power were consistent over several weeks, spectral power changes were more stable, despite the trade-off of decreased spatial and temporal resolution. These results show that rodent primary and premotor cortex are both involved in reaching movements with stable patterns of task-related activity across time, establishing the relevance of the rodent for future studies designed to examine changes in task-related neural activity during recovery from focal cortical lesions.

scholarly journals Visual recognition is heralded by shifts in local field potential oscillations and inhibitory networks in primary visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Hayden ◽  
Daniel P. Montgomery ◽  
Samuel F. Cooke ◽  
Mark F. Bear
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Stimulus Familiarity ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractFiltering out familiar, irrelevant stimuli eases the computational burden on the cerebral cortex. Inhibition is a candidate mechanism in this filtration process. Oscillations in the cortical local field potential (LFP) serve as markers of the engagement of different inhibitory neurons. In awake mice, we find pronounced changes in LFP oscillatory activity present in layer 4 of primary visual cortex (V1) with progressive stimulus familiarity. Over days of repeated stimulus presentation, low frequency (alpha/beta ~15 Hz peak) power increases while high frequency (gamma ~65 Hz peak) power decreases. This high frequency activity re-emerges when a novel stimulus is shown. Thus, high frequency power is a marker of novelty while low frequency power signifies familiarity. Two-photon imaging of neuronal activity reveals that parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons disengage with familiar stimuli and reactivate to novelty, consistent with their known role in gamma oscillations, whereas somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons show opposing activity patterns, indicating a contribution to the emergence of lower frequency oscillations. We also reveal that stimulus familiarity and novelty have differential effects on oscillations and cell activity over a shorter timescale of seconds. Taken together with previous findings, we propose a model in which two interneuron circuits compete to drive familiarity or novelty encoding.

scholarly journals Low-frequency subthalamic neural oscillations are involved in explicit and implicit facial emotional processing - a local field potential study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Dondaine ◽  
Joan Duprez ◽  
Jean-François Houvenaghel ◽  
Julien Modolo ◽  
Claire Haegelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Trial Phase

AbstractIn addition to the subthalamic nucleus’ (STN) role in motricity, STN deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has also uncovered its involvement in cognitive and limbic processing. STN neural oscillations analyzed through local field potential (LFP) recordings have been shown to contribute to emotional (mostly in the alpha band [8-12 Hz]) and cognitive processing (theta [4-7 Hz] and beta [13-30 Hz] bands). In this study, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that STN oscillatory activity is involved in explicit and implicit processing of emotions. We used a task that presented the patients with emotional facial expressions and manipulated the cognitive demand by either asking them to identify the emotion (explicit task) or the gender of the face (implicit task). We evaluated emotion and task effects on STN neural oscillations power and inter-trial phase consistency. Our results revealed that STN delta power was influenced by emotional valence, but only in the implicit task. Interestingly, the strongest results were found for inter-trial phase consistency: we found an increased consistency for delta oscillations in the implicit task as compared to the explicit task. Furthermore, increased delta and theta consistency were associated with better task performance. These low-frequency effects are similar to the oscillatory dynamics described during cognitive control. We suggest that these findings might reflect a greater need for cognitive control, although an effect of greatest task difficulty in the implicit situation could have influenced the results as well. Overall, our study suggests that low-frequency STN neural oscillations, especially their functional organization, are involved in explicit and implicit emotional processing.Highlights-STN LFPs were recorded during an emotional/gender recognition task in PD patients-STN delta power increase depended on emotional valence in the implicit task only-STN delta inter-trial phase consistency increase was greater for the implicit task-Delta/theta inter-trial phase consistency was associated with task accuracy-The STN is involved in the interaction between emotional and cognitive processing

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