Relation Between the Metrics of the Presaccadic Attention Shift and of the Saccade Before and After Saccadic Adaptation

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ditterich ◽  
T. Eggert ◽  
A. Straube
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Attention Shift ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Saccadic Adaptation ◽  
Attention Focus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Saccade Size ◽  
Saccade Programming

A shift of the visual attention focus is known to precede saccades. However, how the metrics of both this presaccadic attention shift and the saccade are coupled is still unclear. We altered the saccade size by short-term saccadic adaptation to determine whether the attention focus would still be shifted to the location of the saccade target or to the modified postsaccadic eye position. The results showed that saccadic adaptation had no influence on the presaccadic attention shift. Thus either different processes determine the metrics of the attention shift and of the saccade or saccadic adaptation causes only modifications on a lower hierarchical level of saccade programming, thereby not influencing the metrics of the attention shift.

scholarly journals Effect of Saccadic Adaptation on Sequences of Saccades

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Panouillères ◽  
Roméo Salemme ◽  
Christian Urquizar ◽  
Denis Pélisson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Efference Copy ◽  
Saccadic Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Saccade Size ◽  
Voluntary Saccades ◽  
Rightward Saccade

Accuracy of saccadic eye movements is maintained thanks to adaptation mechanisms. The adaptive lengthening and shortening of reactive and voluntary saccades rely on partially separate neural substrates. Although in daily-life we mostly perform sequences of saccades, the effect of saccadic adaptation has been mainly evaluated on single saccades. Here, sequences of two saccades were recorded before and after adaptation of rightward saccades. In 4 separate sessions, reactive and voluntary saccades were adaptively shortened or lengthened. We found that the second saccade of the sequence always remained accurate and compensated for the adaptive changes of the first rightward saccade size. This finding suggests that adaptation loci are upstream of the site where the efference copy involved in sequence planning originates.

Distinct Short-Term and Long-Term Adaptation to Reduce Saccade Size in Monkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrel R. Robinson ◽  
Robijanto Soetedjo ◽  
Christopher Noto
Keyword(s):  
Saccade Target ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Saccade Size ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Saccade Adaptation ◽  
Term Maintenance

In monkeys, saccades that repeatedly overshoot their targets adapt to become smaller by the time the monkey has made 1,000–2,000 saccades. In life, adaptation must keep movements accurate for long periods of time. Previous work describes only saccade adaptation that occurs within a few hours. Here we describe long-term saccade adaptation elicited in three monkeys by 19 days of training. Each day a monkey made saccades to track 16° leftward and rightward target movements. During saccades, the target stepped back toward its starting position 6.4° (40%) in two monkeys or 8° (50%) in the third. After each day's adaptation, we blindfolded the monkey with goggles and returned it to its cage overnight. We found that adapting saccades for 19 days elicited significantly larger, long-lasting reduction in saccade size than did adapting for only 1 day. Further, after 19 days of adaptation we could elicit additional, apparently normal, short-term reduction in saccade size by increasing the size of the intra-saccade target movement. In contrast, we could elicit only small additional size reduction after only 1 day of adaptation. A simple model using separate short- and long-term adaptation mechanisms can reproduce many of the features of saccade gain exhibited by monkeys during a 19-day adaptation. We conclude that there is a long-term saccade-adaptation mechanism that is distinct from the well-characterized short-term system and that this newly recognized system is responsible for long-term maintenance of saccade accuracy.

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF BMV ON P WAVE DISPERSION AND SHORT TERM PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF P WAVE DISPERSION IN PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON MITRAL VALVULOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND SINUS RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Daulat Singh Meena ◽  
Vijay Pathak ◽  
Anoop Jain ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Ola
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Wave Dispersion ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral  valvuloplasty (PBMV) on P wave dispersion and to test the correlation between P-maximum and  P-dispersion to right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure before and after PMBV. Also to study the impact of P-maximum and P-wave dispersion on the short term clinical outcome after successful PBMV in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm. Methods: 75 patients undergoing PMBV were enrolled in this study. We evaluated P-maximum, P-minimum and P-wave dispersion before and one month and one year after PBMV . We studied the changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), left atrial (LA) dimension, mitral diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area, in addition to the changes in right ventricular function utilizing tissue Doppler assessment both before and after PMBV, in addition the role of the P-wave dispersion in prediction of late cardiac events. Results: There were significant decrease in mean diastolic gradient, PAP, and LA size and significant improvement in right ventricular tissue Doppler indices after PMBV. Accompany these hemodynamic changes after PMBV. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Successful PBMV was associated with a decrease in Pmax and PWD. These simple electrocardiographic indices may predict the success of the procedure immediately after PBMV.  The P-maximum and P-wave dispersion changes were correlated with significant impairment of right dysfunction and the degree of pulmonary artery pressure. Keywords: PBMV.PAP,LA

Impact of Michigan’s new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paul Park ◽  
Victor Chang ◽  
Hsueh-Han Yeh ◽  
Jason M. Schwalb ◽  
David R. Nerenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn 2017, Michigan passed new legislation designed to reduce opioid abuse. This study evaluated the impact of these new restrictive laws on preoperative narcotic use, short-term outcomes, and readmission rates after spinal surgery.METHODSPatient data from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of the new opioid laws (beginning July 1, 2018) were queried from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database. Before and after implementation of the major elements of the new laws, 12,325 and 11,988 patients, respectively, were treated.RESULTSPatients before and after passage of the opioid laws had generally similar demographic and surgical characteristics. Notably, after passage of the opioid laws, the number of patients taking daily narcotics preoperatively decreased from 3783 (48.7%) to 2698 (39.7%; p < 0.0001). Three months postoperatively, there were no differences in minimum clinically important difference (56.0% vs 58.0%, p = 0.1068), numeric rating scale (NRS) score of back pain (3.5 vs 3.4, p = 0.1156), NRS score of leg pain (2.7 vs 2.7, p = 0.3595), satisfaction (84.4% vs 84.7%, p = 0.6852), or 90-day readmission rate (5.8% vs 6.2%, p = 0.3202) between groups. Although there was no difference in readmission rates, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more common (0.86% vs 1.22%, p = 0.0323).CONCLUSIONSThere was a meaningful decrease in preoperative narcotic use, but notably there was no apparent negative impact on postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, or short-term outcomes after spinal surgery despite more restrictive opioid prescribing. Although the readmission rate did not significantly increase, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more frequently observed.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Sara Freed ◽  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Lesley Ross
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xbox Kinect ◽  
Game Developers

Abstract Interventions using exercise video games, or exergames, have shown short-term cognitive and physical benefits to older adults, though long-term effects are less promising. Enjoyment of exergames may promote exergame use after the intervention period, though little work has examined older adults’ views of exergames before and after gameplay experience. We invited 20 older adults between 65 and 84 years of age (M=73.30, SD=5.95) to play two Xbox Kinect games, Just Dance and Kinect Sports Rivals, for twenty minutes. In our presentation, we will present qualitative and quantitative findings of this pilot study, including findings that older adults reported that they were not likely to play similar exergames in the future and that they did not find the exergames to be more fun compared to other ways of exercising. We will discuss implications for game design and research relevant to game developers, manufacturers, and researchers. Part of a symposium sponsored by Technology and Aging Interest Group.

scholarly journals Endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy for the treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors: an operative technique and short-term outcomes of 20 consecutive cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Yan ◽  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Yuanxiang Lin ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary ◽  
Controlled Surgery

Abstract Background To present a surgical technique for the treatment of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors by using endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique. Methods In this study, 20 patients with 22 IDEM tumors were enrolled. An endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy was employed to remove the tumors. Data related to clinical symptoms and medical images before and after surgery were collected for perioperative evaluation and follow-up analysis. Results All the tumors in 20 patients were well removed. The clinical symptoms were significantly reduced in all the patients as well. The short-term follow-up data showed that there was no tumor recurrence or spinal deformity. Conclusion The endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique provided favorable exposure and satisfactory resection to the IDEM tumors. It may be an effective surgical method for treating IDEM tumors. Larger samples and longer follow-up data are needed to verify its long-term effectiveness.

scholarly journals Psychotropic and pain medication use in individuals with traumatic brain injury—a Swedish total population cohort study of 240 000 persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527
Author(s):  
Yasmina Molero ◽  
David James Sharp ◽  
Brian Matthew D'Onofrio ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Seena Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Before And After

ObjectiveTo examine psychotropic and pain medication use in a population-based cohort of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and compare them with controls from similar backgrounds.MethodsWe assessed Swedish nationwide registers to include all individuals diagnosed with incident TBI between 2006 and 2012 in hospitals or specialist outpatient care. Full siblings never diagnosed with TBI acted as controls. We examined dispensed prescriptions for psychotropic and pain medications for the 12 months before and after the TBI.ResultsWe identified 239 425 individuals with incident TBI, and 199 658 unaffected sibling controls. In the TBI cohort, 36.6% had collected at least one prescription for a psychotropic or pain medication in the 12 months before the TBI. In the 12 months after, medication use increased to 45.0%, an absolute rate increase of 8.4% (p<0.001). The largest post-TBI increases were found for opioids (from 16.3% to 21.6%, p<0.001), and non-opioid pain medications (from 20.3% to 26.6%, p<0.001). The majority of prescriptions were short-term; 20.6% of those prescribed opioids and 37.3% of those with benzodiazepines collected prescriptions for more than 6 months. Increased odds of any psychotropic or pain medication were associated with individuals before (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.59 to 1.65), and after the TBI (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 2.26 to 2.34) as compared with sibling controls, and ORs were consistently increased for all medication classes.ConclusionHigh rates of psychotropic and pain medications after a TBI suggest that medical follow-up should be routine and review medication use.

Facing Loss of Vision: The Response of Adults to Visual Impairment

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Social Group Work ◽  
Group Experience

Short-term group therapy, using social group work, was utilized to treat the psychosocial problems of two groups of elderly low-vision clients and one group of young adult clients with low vision (N = 24). Group members showed psychosocial movement in three phases: shock, reactive depression, and readjustment. Evaluations measured the change in attitudes before and after group therapy. At the end of therapy, 17 persons, compared to none before the therapy, were at the point of self-acceptance and readjustment. Clinical examples illustrate the interplay of intrapsychic and group-experience factors leading to readjustment.

Short-term effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY in girls with central precocious puberty

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Piyathida Wijarn ◽  
Preamrudee Poomthavorn ◽  
Patcharin Khlairit ◽  
Sarunyu Pongratanakul ◽  
Laor Chailurkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogue ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives To determine appetite-regulating hormone levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) before and after 20 weeks of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) treatment. Methods Eighteen newly diagnosed CPP girls were enrolled. Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and GnRH-A test were performed with fasting serum leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) measurements at baseline (before) and after 20 weeks of GnRH-A treatment. Results Following GnRH-A treatment, all patients had prepubertal gonadotropin and estradiol levels. Mean (SD) fat mass index (FMI) was significantly increased from 4.5 (1.7) to 5.0 (1.8) kg/m2 after treatment. Also, median (IQR) serum leptin level was significantly increased from 6.9 (4.2–8.6) to 7.4 (5.3–13.1) ng/mL. FMI had a positive correlation with serum leptin level (r=0.64, p=0.004). In contrast, no significant changes of serum ghrelin and PYY levels were observed. Conclusions Decreased estrogen following short-term GnRH-A treatment in CPP girls may cause an increase in appetite and consequently an elevation of FMI. Increased serum leptin may be a result of having increased FMI secondary to an increase in appetite.

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