The Neuroimmune Interface in Prion Diseases

Physiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Michael A. Klein ◽  
Adriano Aguzzi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Prion Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders of animals and humans. Here we address the role of the immune system in the spread of prions from peripheral sites to the central nervous system and its potential relevance to iatrogenic prion disease.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quintero-Villegas ◽  
Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractIn mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7 receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7 receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

scholarly journals Postmortem Quantitative Analysis of Prion Seeding Activity in the Digestive System

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Satoh ◽  
Takayuki Fuse ◽  
Toshiaki Nonaka ◽  
Trong Dong ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

Human prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by prion protein. Although infectivity was historically detected only in the central nervous system and lymphoreticular tissues of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, recent reports suggest that the seeding activity of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions accumulates in various non-neuronal organs including the liver, kidney, and skin. Therefore, we reanalyzed autopsy samples collected from patients with sporadic and genetic human prion diseases and found that seeding activity exists in almost all digestive organs. Unexpectedly, activity in the esophagus reached a level of prion seeding activity close to that in the central nervous system in some CJD patients, indicating that the safety of endoscopic examinations should be reconsidered.

Role of Prostaglandins in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 730-742
Author(s):  
Surendra Gulla ◽  
Dakshayani Lomada ◽  
Anusha Lade ◽  
Reddanna Pallu ◽  
Madhava C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder with chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, manifested by both physical and cognitive disability. Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the phenomena that appear in the central nervous system associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including MS, Alzheimer’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Prostaglandins are one of the major mediators of inflammation that exhibit an important function in enhancing neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. These mediators would help understand the pathophysiology of MS as the combination of antagonists or agonists of prostaglandins receptors could be beneficial during the treatment of MS. The present review focuses on the role played by different prostaglandins and the enzymes which produced them in the etiopathogenesis of MS.

scholarly journals Cognition and inflammation: “the role of cytokines in cognitive performance”

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The interactions between the immune system and nervous system have been the focus of research in recent years. Perhaps due to the discovery and acknowledgement of the multiple functions that cytokines carry out in the central nervous system (CNS), going from mediators of neuropathologic processes to the degeneration and repair within the CNS.

scholarly journals Cytokines, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and psychiatric symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also involved in modulation of behavior and induction of psychiatric symptoms. This article gives an overview on the nature of cytokines and the proposed mechanisms of immune-to-brain interaction. The role of cytokines in psychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and disorders like sickness behavior, major depression, and schizophrenia are discussed together with recent immunogenetic findings.

scholarly journals The Role of Substance P in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ghahremanloo ◽  
Fariba Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Isaac Hashemy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract- Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of neuropeptides widely distributed in the human body, especially in the nervous system. TKs have exhibited both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative properties in the central nervous system (CNS) and spinal cord. Also, several studies have shown that substance P (SP), as a pioneering neuropeptide of the TK family, is engaged in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, a huge body of information available about the level of SP in NDs demonstrates that SP and its receptors might be prognostic or diagnostic factors for NDs. The present review article summarizes the roles of TKs in common neurodegenerative disorders.

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