scholarly journals Dietary Modulation of the Epigenome

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folami Y. Ideraabdullah ◽  
Steven H. Zeisel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Dietary Modulation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Organismal Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Manner

Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that can modify gene activity and phenotype without modifying the genetic code. The basis for the concept of epigenetics originated more than 2,000 yr ago as a theory to explain organismal development. However, the definition of epigenetics continues to evolve as we identify more of the components that make up the epigenome and dissect the complex manner by which they regulate and are regulated by cellular functions. A substantial and growing body of research shows that nutrition plays a significant role in regulating the epigenome. Here, we critically assess this diverse body of evidence elucidating the role of nutrition in modulating the epigenome and summarize the impact such changes have on molecular and physiological outcomes with regards to human health.

An Examination of Women's Perspectives on Power

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller ◽  
A. Gaye Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Personal Authority ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Men's Experience ◽  
The Way

Historically, theoretical and popular conceptions about power have not included or addressed women's experiences. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about women by examining women's perceptions of and relationship to power. One hundred twenty-five women, ranging in age from 21 to 63, were asked to define and explore power through a variety of structured and open-ended questions. The results showed that women's definition of power differed significantly from their perception of society's definition of power, as well as from the way power has traditionally been conceptualized. More theoretical and empirical attention should be given to understanding the role of personal authority in both women's and men's experience of power.

scholarly journals Political communication in post-truth society

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Nina Gorenc
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Apathy ◽  
The Impact

The research behind this paper is set in the context of the 2016 US presidential election that has come to symbolize the post-truth era. We conducted a literature review on the 2016 election, with the aim to better understand the impact of computational propaganda on the election outcome and on the behaviour of voters. The paper opens with a definition of post-truth society and related concepts such as fake news and computational propaganda. It explores the changes of political communication in a digital environment and analyses the role of social media in the 2016 election. It probes into phenomena such as the trivialization of politics and the loss of credibility of political actors, which are both common in post-truth societies. The reviewed literature seems to indicate that social media have become strong actors on the political stage, but so far not the predominant source of political information and influence on the behaviour of voters. The paper makes two important contributions. Firstly, drawing on the concept of post-truth society, it analyses the role of computational propaganda in the 2016 presidential election, and secondly, it attempts to explain the paradox of general political apathy on one hand, and increased political activism on the other. These are some of the challenges we are now facing, and in order to be able to cope with them it is important to acknowledge and understand them.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Bondarenko ◽  
Viktoriia Vasiuta ◽  
Kateryna Pisarenko
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communications System

The article deals with the question of the influence of marketing communications on consumer behavior. Today, in order to increase sales, it is no longer enough for companies to just improve their product or service, improve its quality. Among all marketing tools, marketing communications play a special role. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for a theoretical substantiation of the influence of the marketing communication environment on consumer behavior. The purpose of the article is to study the role of marketing communications and their impact on consumer behavior. As a result of this study, the role of marketing communications in the formation of consumer behavior has been substantiated from the standpoint of the main theories and concepts that form the subject areas of marketing communications research. The effectiveness of marketing policy depends on the correct choice of communication tools. The tools of the communication complex are highlighted and characterized. It has been proved that marketing communications influence the formation of consumer behavior in three aspects: informational, emotional, and behavioral. The scientific approaches of scientists to the definition of the process of making a consumer’s decision to purchase are analyzed. The stages of the consumer’s decision-making process to purchase a product are highlighted. Today, integrated marketing communications are considered more effective. They represent the most complete marketing communications system that includes all elements from advertising to packaging. Special attention is paid to the issue of the effectiveness of the impact of marketing communications on consumer behavior. The sequence of determining the effectiveness of the impact of marketing communications on consumer behavior is indicated. It is noted that for effective promotion of goods, only the informational component of communications is not enough. When developing a marketing communications system, it is necessary to take into account personal values. This will increase the degree of influence on consumer behavior. The main goal of marketing communications is to motivate consumer behavior. The use of modern marketing communications through a variety of means can increase the effectiveness of influencing consumer behavior.

The changing role of children’s charities delivering early intervention services

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-176
Author(s):  
Alison Body
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Preventative Services

In chapter 6 we explore the impact of commissioning and policy changes on early intervention and preventative services for children delivered by the charitable sector. The definition of early intervention and preventative services is highly contested and politicised within policy and commissioning processes. This reflects an ongoing debate regarding the shifting paradigm of prevention. As the commissioning narrative has developed, there has been an overall disengagement between the voluntary sector providers and State. As the charitable sector is increasingly exposed to intensifying marketization, polarisation of relationships increases. We identify here three ‘types’ of organisational responses to this ever-changing environments; conformers – those charities who align themselves close to the State and regularly reinterpret their mission to fit State logic; the outliers – those charities which reject State approaches to early intervention and seek to deliver services completely independently of the State; and the intermediaries – those charities which walk between conformity and dissent, working with the State when necessary or too their advantage, and walking away when not. We discuss how these types fundamentally alter children’s charities perspectives and experiences of commissioning and the impact this has on their wider work.

The Politics of the Sharing Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
David Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platform Economy ◽  
Academic Debate

The current academic debate on the sharing economy (SE) seems to embrace three main discussions: its definition, its effects, and the role of regulation. A neglected topic here seems to be analyzing the specific implications of the changing nature of these firms boosted by private equity and venture capital. As the author points out, we need to analyze not only the impact of a changing business model but, specifically, how stakeholders, cities, and regulators should approach this moving target now called SE. In the following sections the author departs from a traditional definition of the sharing economy to start building the case for treating the SE at large as an epiphenomenon of the platform economy, and as a temporary condition based on a moveable business model. The chapter closes by introducing the regulatory hurdles that come associated with the previous and mapping out its different futures.

Genotype×environment interactions and some considerations of their implications for wheat breeding in Australia This review is one of a series commissioned by the Advisory Committee of the Journal.

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Basford ◽  
M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Genotype×environment (G×E) interactions complicate selection forbroad adaptation, while their nature and causes need to be understood toutilise and exploit them in selection for specific adaptation. This invitedreview combines an assessment of the literature with the experience we havegained from involvement in wheat breeding and associated research programs toassess (1) the implications of G×E interactions for wheat breeding inAustralia, (2) the impact that research into G E interactions has had onbreeding strategy, and (3) the evidence for impact from this research efforton genetic improvement of crop adaptation. The role of analytical methodologyin this process is considered and some important issues are discussed.There are sufficient examples drawn from wheat breeding in Australia tosuggest that progress in dealing with G×E interactions can be made andseveral of these are presented. They show that impact in plant breedingfollows from achieving an appropriate level of understanding of theenvironmental and genetic factors causing the interactions as well as anassessment of their importance in the target genotype-environment system. Anaccurate definition of the environmental factor(s) contributing to theG×E interactions has been particularly important in determining therelevance of observed differences in plant adaptation to the target populationof environments. From the combination of biological and statistical studies, amore comprehensive understanding of G×E interactions has emerged andcontributed to new concepts and procedures for dealing with them.Distinguishing between what are repeatable and non-repeatable interactions isa key step. Genuine cases of positive specific adaptation observed inmulti-environment trials (METs) can be exploited by appropriately targetedselection strategies, while non-repeatable interactions are accommodated byselection for broad adaptation.The investigation of G×E interactions for grain yield of wheat inAustralia has matured to the point where an understanding of some of theircauses has enabled wheat breeders to exploit positive components of specificadaptation. The experience that has been gained in achieving these advancesindicates the importance of establishing a MET system that is relevant to thetarget population of environments of the breeding program. The investment ofadequate resources into effective design, conduct, analysis, andinterpretation of METs remains critical to continued progress from selectionin complex genotype-environment systems that present large G× Einteractions. Wheat breeders who understand their genetic material and thetarget population of environments can then use the generated information baseto achieve impact from their breeding programs.

Dangerous liaisons?

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rodwell ◽  
Linden Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Role Description ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeMany university libraries are adopting a faculty liaison librarian structure as an integral part of their organization and service delivery model. This paper aims to examine, in a pragmatic way, the variations in the definition of the role of the faculty liaison librarian, the expectations of those librarians, their library managers and their clients and the impact of environmental factors. The faculty liaison librarian role is not entirely new, evolving from the traditional subject librarian and university special/branch library role. However the emerging role is characterized by a more outward‐looking perspective and complexity, emphasizing stronger involvement and partnership with the faculty and direct engagement in the University's teaching and research programs.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a review of the literature and other sources on the rationale and role of library liaison, the current developments, drivers and expectations are discussed.FindingsThe study finds that dynamic external and internal environments of universities are driving the evolution of library liaison, so the role description is still fluid. However, the breadth and weight of expectations is now such that the effectiveness and sustainability of the role has to be addressed.Practical implicationsWhile a dynamic, broader and more intensive role for the faculty liaison librarian is emerging, more thinking is needed about the extent of that role and its sustainability. What, for example, are the priorities for the faculty liaison librarian? What traditional activities can, and may, have to be abandoned? These considerations are necessary not only to guide the librarians, but also to help define the attributes and skills required for the position and to determine the institutional support it requires.Originality/valueThis is a contemporary critique of the well‐established, but diverse library service – the faculty liaison librarian structure.

scholarly journals Higher Hemoglobin Levels Are Associated With Better Physical Performance Among Older Adults Without Anemia: A Longitudinal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligiana Pires Corona ◽  
Flavia Cristina Drummond Andrade ◽  
Tiago Silva Alexandre ◽  
Tábatta Renata Pereira Brito ◽  
Daniella Pires Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality among older adults, and it is associated with decreased physical performance. But the role of hemoglobin in the absence of anemia remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of hemoglobin levels on physical performance in Brazilian older adults without anemia. Methods The study is longitudinal in that it relies on two waves of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE; Health, Well-being, and Aging) study: 2010 and 2015–2016. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the hemoglobin concentrations on the Short Physical Performance Battery-SPPB over time among the 1,020 who had complete data and did not have anemia in 2010. In the follow-up, there were 562 without anemia. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results In analyses adjusted for age, education, grip strength, comorbidities, and body mass index, hemoglobin levels were positively associated with physical performance scores among older women (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and men (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) without anemia. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that higher hemoglobin levels were associated with better physical performance among older men and women without anemia. This finding is important because, in clinical practice, most health professionals focus on the World Health Organization definition of anemia. Our study suggests the importance of hemoglobin levels among older adults, even those without anemia.

scholarly journals Evolution of customer focus: from artisans and family businesses to CRM-systems

E-Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. V. Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Customer Focus ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The process of evolution of such phenomenon as customer focus and its impact on the formation of trade relations has been considered. In order to study the phenomenon as a whole and the factors that influenced the changes in particular, a retrospective analysis from the era of craftsmanship to the present day has been made. Special attention has been paid to industrial revolutions as stimulators of change, and to the peculiar boundaries of the periods of using different approaches to trade and business interaction. The article also touches on the topic of direct marketing, as a prototype of today’s business relations. In addition to the history of marketing and the impact of industrial revolutions on the development of the relationship between seller and buyer, the paper considered and analysed such a phenomenon as the automation of production in order to create a fullfledged picture, reflecting the reasons for the creation, the essence and relevance of CRM-systems in the modern world. CRM-systems in this article have been considered as one of the tools of customer focus methodology, which facilitates the interaction between participants in business relationships, as well as serving as a centralized directory of information about the customers. The initial and, consequently, the ultimate goal of the study was to create an interconnected scheme for the formation of a modern system of customer focus and definition of the role of CRM-systems in the whole process.

scholarly journals Foreign Investors vs. National Tax Measures: Assessing the Role of International Investment Agreements

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Julien Chaisse ◽  
Jamieson Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
International Investment ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
International Investment Agreements ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Investment Agreements

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the impact of the international law of foreign investment on tax issues with a view to assessing the interactions between the two regimes and identifying potential signs of convergence. In particular, this chapter focuses on the operation of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and assesses the role of IIAs from the perspective of foreign investors vis-à-vis National Tax Measures (NTMs). Part I of this chapter provides an understanding of the convergence between investment law and tax issues. This aids in an understanding of the key characteristics of IIAs (such as the definition of investment and the use of specific tax exceptions) and the relationship between currently existing IIAs and tax disputes. Part II analyzes, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the recent trends of tax disputes in investment arbitration. Part III assesses how tax can be seen as the last barrier to cross border investment. Part IV concludes.

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