X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Effects of Uniaxial Plastic Deformation on Residual Stress Measurements

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 269-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Test Fixture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Before And After

AbstractUniaxial Plastic Deformation (UPD) has been known to produce anomalies in residual stress measurements based on x-ray diffraction techniques. This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of the effects, if any, on residual stress calculations from various materials subjected to UPD. An x-ray diffraction study using the two-exposure method ( ψ = 0° and ψ = U5°) was made on several iron, aluminum, and titanium alloys (AISI 4340, 4330M, 4130; 2024-13, 7075-T611; Ti-6Al-4V) before and after these alloys were deformed plastically by bending on a U-bend test fixture. The x-ray peak shifts, Δ2θ0-ψ, were recorded and the x-ray stress factors, Ki, calculated by three different methods. The results indicate that UPD of the calibration specimens will increase or decrease Ki depending on the alloy. These results are discussed together with observations on the additivity of residual and applied stresses, and the per cent differences in the stress measurements based on stress factors calculated by three different methods.

Service Loading Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox Rolling Bearings Based on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 768-769 ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Gegner ◽  
Wolfgang Nierlich
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Wind Turbine Gearbox ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements

Rolling bearings in wind turbine gearboxes occasionally fail prematurely by so-called white etching cracks. The appearance of the damage indicates brittle spontaneous tensile stress induced surface cracking followed by corrosion fatigue driven crack growth. An X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis reveals vibrations in service as the root cause. The occurrence of high local friction coefficients in the rolling contact is described by a tribological model. Depth profiles of the equivalent shear and normal stresses are compared with residual stress patterns and a relevant fracture strength, respectively. White etching crack failures are reproduced on a rolling contact fatigue test rig under increased mixed friction. Causative vibration loading is evident from residual stress measurements. Cold working compressive residual stresses are an effective countermeasure.

X-ray diffraction study of BaTiO3 single crystals before and after fast-neutron irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Stash ◽  
S. A. Ivanov ◽  
S. Yu. Stefanovich ◽  
A. V. Mosunov ◽  
V. M. Boyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fast Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Before And After

X-ray Residual Stress Measurements Using Parallel Beam Optics

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Chrenko
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Beam Optics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Special Modes

X-ray residual stress measurements have been made with a commercial portable X-ray diffraction apparatus that uses parallel beam optics and that was specifically designed for residual stress measurements. This machine differs from X-ray diffraction units using the usual parafocusing geometry in several respects, most notably reduced sample placement errors and larger sample sizes that can be accommodated. Two special modes of operation are available and will be discussed. These are the ability to use the side inclining method for stress analysis and the ability to use an oscillating ψ motion, the latter mode being useful for examining large grain size materials.

Comparison of the hole-drilling and X-ray diffraction methods for measuring the residual stresses in shot-peened aluminium alloys

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Fontanari ◽  
F Frendo ◽  
Th Bortolamedi ◽  
P Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Stress Profiles ◽  
Good Agreement

The incremental blind hole-drilling and the X-ray diffraction methods were used to measure the residual stress field introduced by shot peening in aluminium alloy 6082-T5 plates. Two peening treatments were selected to produce different depth extensions and peak values arising from different extents of plastic deformation in the surface layer. The results are discussed considering the various sources of uncertainty; in addition to the measuring technique, the effects of the surface treatment that usually induces a strong plastic deformation in the surface layer resulting in material work hardening and worsening of the surface morphology were considered. The residual stress profiles determined by the two methods showed quite good agreement for the two conditions, as regards the values both of the compressive peak and of the penetration depth. The present results provide mutual confirmation of the effectiveness of the two methods for the study of this class of materials.

Ultrasonic Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Study for ARB Aluminum

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 937-940
Author(s):  
K. Hirai ◽  
T. Ichitsubo ◽  
Eiichiro Matsubara ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrafine Grains ◽  
Peculiar Phenomenon

It has been reported that accumulative-roll-bonded (ARB) aluminum having ultrafine grains shows an intriguing mechanical character that it is hardened by annealing and contrarily softened by deformation. In order to understand the mechanism of such a peculiar phenomenon, we have investigated the dislocation damping with ultrasonic spectroscopy and total amount of dislocations with the X-ray diffraction measurement. From the present measurements, we have found that the dislocations introduced by the ARB process are tangled but can be released with a large stress. Such dislocations accumulated in ultrafine grains play a significant role in the plastic deformation.

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