An Improved X-Ray Fluorescence Method for the Analysis of Museum Objects

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Maurice E. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Effective Absorption Coefficient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Absorption ◽  
Characteristic Wavelength ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Quantitative Results

A method is described for the x-ray fluorescence analysis of small samples, taken from museum objects, to determine alloy composition. The samples are dissolved in an appropriate reagent and absorbed on cellulose powder. The resulting powder is formed into a film of less than critical thickness and the effective absorption of the sample for the characteristic wavelength of the element being measured is determined. The effective absorption coefficient is used to correct the observed intensities in order to obtain quantitative results.

scholarly journals X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Applied to Small Samples

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Jaklevic ◽  
W.R. French ◽  
T.W. Clarkson ◽  
M.R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Fine Focus ◽  
Analysis System

We describe an adaptation of photon excited x-ray fluorescence analysis which is optimized for the analysis of small samples. A fine focus x-ray tube is used in conjunction with small diameter detector collimators in order to focus on a small sample volume with as high sensitivity as possible. Sample areas of less than 1 mm diameter can be analyzed with ppm detectability. In applications involving the analysis of human hair samples, a minimum detectable limit of 10 ppm Hg can be realized in a 1 mm long segment of a single hair in a counting time of 200 seconds. Simultaneous measurements of the sample mass can be obtained from the intensity of the incoherent scattering. An automated x-ray fluorescence analysis system using the technique for the scanning of elemental profiles in such hair samples will be described.

Methods of Quantitative Electron Probe Analysis*

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 395-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Wittry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Probe Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMethods of quantitative electron probe analysis using empirical working curves have achieved only partial success because of variations in instrument design, analysis conditions, and homogeneity of standards. These problems have been solved for X-ray fluorescence analysis, but many of the more successful empirical methods cannot be used in electron probe analysis; instead, a more theoretical approach is indicated. In electron probe analysis quantitative results can be achieved with only pure elements as standards provided (1) the analysis conditions are carefully selected, (2) the observed intensities can be corrected to obtain the primary intensity actually produced in the specimen, and (3) the relationship of the primary intensity and concentration can be calculated. While present methods of making some of the corrections required improvement and a “universal” theory for relating the primary X-ray intensities to the concentrations still does not exist, the success achieved with this approach indicates that it should be used to the fullest extent before resorting to calibration curves. Moreover, as information is accumulated, the number of cases requiring the use of calibration curves should diminish, so that eventually it may be possible to perform quantitative analysis in any system with only pure elements as standards,

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF MUSEUM OBJECTS: A NEW INSTRUMENT

Archaeometry ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. HALL ◽  
F. SCHWEIZER ◽  
P. A. TOLLER
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Museum Objects

scholarly journals X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Applied to Small Samples

1978 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Jaklevic ◽  
W. R. French ◽  
T. W. Clarkson ◽  
M. R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
X Ray

MICRO-PIXE STUDIES ON NATIVE TRANSYLVANIAN GOLD FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS AUTHENTICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1460133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELA CRISTEA-STAN ◽  
BOGDAN CONSTANINESCU ◽  
DANIELE CECCATO ◽  
CLAIRE PACHECO ◽  
LAURENT PICHON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Native Gold ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Archaeological Artifacts ◽  
Mineral Identification ◽  
Scanning Electron

Determination of the geological provenance of gold is a powerful argument in the authentication of ancient gold artifacts. Small samples (hundreds of microns) of native gold from Transylvanian deposits were scanned by micro-PIXE to obtain information on the natural Au – Ag alloy composition and on the presence of trace elements such as Sn , Sb , and Cu . The experiments were performed at the AGLAE Louvre and LNL AN2000 accelerators. Mineral identification was confirmed by a micro-mineralogical study using the INFLPR-Magurele Scanning Electron Microscope associated with an Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) facility.

Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis with a Crystal Spectrometer

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Ohashi ◽  
Mamoru Takahashl ◽  
Yohichi Gohshi ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Shunji Eishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Present System ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Position Sensitive

AbstractA wavelength dispersive spectrometer which consists of a flat crystal analyser and a position sensitive proportional counter has been developed for X-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation. The advantages of this spectrometer are high energy resolution, multielemental nature, and high efficiency, and these match well "with the high brightness synchrotron X-ray source. The minimum detection limits are of the order of ppm or pg. An application to elemental mapping has also been demonstrated. The present system is useful for practical analysis of small samples or small regions.

Sources of Errors in Nondestructive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Small Samples Diluted with a Solid Diluent: XRF Determination of Mn in Cymantrenes

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Talanova ◽  
◽  
O. L. Lependina ◽  
A. G. Buyanovskaya ◽  
L. V. Gumileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
X Ray

Investigation of Lithium Precipitates in Germanium Crystals by Anomalous X-Ray Transmission

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut F. Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Effective Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Pair Correlations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Absorption ◽  
Anomalous Transmission ◽  
Distortion Parameters

Abstract The precipitation of lithium dissolved in germanium crystals and the re-solution of the precipitates during heating has been studied by means of anomalous transmission of x-rays. The effective absorption coefficient depends sensitively on the spacial distribution of lithium interstitials, and is enhanced enormously if pair correlations increase, as is the case during clustering. On the basis of Dederidis' theory and knowledge about the Geli phase diagram, the experiments provide relations between concentration and radius of the precipitates, distortion parameters, and average and local concentration of lithium interstitials.

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