X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Trace Metals in the Annual Growth Layers of Freshwater Mussel Shells

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
William E. Maddox ◽  
Leon Duobinis-Gray ◽  
David A. Owen ◽  
James B. Sickel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
Mussel Shells

Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) are filter feeders that are relatively immobile, widely distributed and are known to concentrate trace metals in their shells (1,2,3). These characteristics make them good candidates for monitoring metal pollution in lakes and rivers. Another characteristic of mussels that make them particularly attractive as pollution monitors is the fact the shell is deposited in distinctive, annual growth layers. The concentrations of metals in these shell layers may provide a history ol the metals present in the environment where the mussel was collected.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Trace Metals in the Annual Growth Layers of Freshwater Mussel Shells

1990 ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
William E. Maddox ◽  
Leon Duobinis-Gray ◽  
David A. Owen ◽  
James B. Sickel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mussel Shells

scholarly journals An insight into the structure, composition and hardness of a biological material: the shell of freshwater mussels

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (49) ◽  
pp. 29543-29554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Chakraborty ◽  
Saida Parveen ◽  
Dipak Kr. Chanda ◽  
Gautam Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Insight Into

Freshwater mussel shells: prospects as multifunctional biological material.

X-ray fluorescence analysis of trace metals in environmental water using preconcentration with an iminodiacetate extraction disk

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Abe ◽  
Satoshi Isaka ◽  
Yuya Koike ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakano ◽  
Kazuhiro Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
X Ray

Ageing studies on three species of freshwater mussels from a metal-polluted watershed in Nova Scotia, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
Growth Bands ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Age Estimates

Freshwater mussels are increasingly used to monitor metal pollution in freshwater systems. Mussels are long-lived, and age is a factor that may influence metal concentrations in their tissues. Species that can be precisely aged are most suitable for biomonitoring because they can be standardized for this factor. Precise age estimates are also needed for determining the effects of contamination on population parameters such as growth rate. Elliptio complanata, Anodonta implicata, and Alasmidonta undulata (family Unionidae) were collected from two Nova Scotia lakes contaminated with arsenic and mercury. Mussel shells were weighed, measured, and sectioned, and two independent counts of internal growth bands were made. External rings were also counted for A. implicata. Age estimates based on internal bands were most precise for E. complanata (r2 = 0.71 vs. 0.35 for A. implicata and 0.29 for A. undulata). Estimates based on external rings were more precise (r2 = 0.69) than those based on internal bands for A. implicata, but were believed to include disturbance rings. Shell length and weight were similarly correlated with age for a given species and population, but relationships were less clear in the lake with the more variable habitat. Elliptio complanata were much smaller at a given age in the more contaminated lake.

XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
H. W. Kraner ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
K. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

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