scholarly journals A Prospective Open-Label Multicentre Trial on the Use of 1 G, Once Daily Ceftriaxone in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 3C-8C ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E Low ◽  
Lionel A Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Open Label ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

This prospective. single open-label sludy was conducted in 14 Canadian centres to assess lhe efncacy of I g, once a day intravenous ceftriaxone treatment administered for a minimum of three days in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. There were 137 patients enrolled. Age varied between 19 and 95 years (mean 68 years). Mosl patients (91 %) were diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia without bacteremia. Most of the cases (82%) were defined as modcralc or severe. Patients received ceftriaxone treatment for an average or five days. Macrolidcs or metronidazole were administered concomitantly wilh ceftriaxone in 34 patienls (25%). After a minimum of three days of ceftriaxone treatment. 59 palicnls (43%) were switched to oral antibiotics. Favourable treatment outcome was found in 92.9% and treatment failure (including relapse of infection) in 7.1 % o lpalicnls. Evaluable patients accounted for 91 % of patients enrolled in the study. Clinical cure and clinical improvement were achieved in 64.6 and 28.3% of the evaluable patients. respectively. Relapse of infection occurred in two patients (1.8%). and treatment failure was recorded in six cases (5.3%). Twelve patients (8.8%) died clue to reasons unrelated to the sludy treatment. Three adverse event (hives, diarrhea and phlebitis at the injection site) were possibly related to the study drug. A cross-Canada in vitro susceptibility surveillance study of bacterial pathogens. frequently the cause of pneumonia. found ceftriaxone to have minimal inhibitory concentrations in 90% of isolates that would support such a dosing regimen. with the exception of Enterobacter species. These rcsults support the use of 1 g, once daily ceftriaxone for the empirical treatment of pneumonia in those patients requiring hospitalization.

scholarly journals Clinical Studies of Oral Quinolone Once Daily in the Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
TAKAFUMI YANO ◽  
FUMIO TANAKA ◽  
KAZUHIRO OUCHI ◽  
MASAO KAWAHARA ◽  
KAZUMA FUJINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Electronic Guidelines (GERH®) to Improve the Clinical Use of Antibiotics in An Intensive Care Unit

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Paola Navarro-Gómez ◽  
Jose Gutierrez-Fernandez ◽  
Manuel Angel Rodriguez-Maresca ◽  
Maria Carmen Olvera-Porcel ◽  
Antonio Sorlozano-Puerto
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tract Infections

The objective of the study was to evaluate the capacity of GERH®-derived local resistance maps (LRMs) to predict antibiotic susceptibility profiles and recommend the appropriate empirical treatment for ICU patients with nosocomial infection. Data gathered between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively studied to compare susceptibility information from antibiograms of microorganisms isolated in blood cultures, lower respiratory tract samples, and urine samples from all ICU patients meeting clinical criteria for infection with the susceptibility mapped by LRMs for these bacterial species. Susceptibility described by LRMs was concordant with in vitro study results in 73.9% of cases. The LRM-predicted outcome agreed with the antibiogram result in >90% of cases infected with the bacteria for which GERH® offers data on susceptibility to daptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and rifampicin. Full adherence to LRM recommendations would have improved the percentage adequacy of empirical prescriptions by 2.2% for lower respiratory tract infections (p = 0.018), 3.1% for bacteremia (p = 0.07), and 5.3% for urinary tract infections (p = 0.142). LRMs may moderately improve the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy, especially for lower respiratory tract infections. LRMs recommend appropriate prescriptions in approximately 50% of cases but are less useful in patients with bacteremia or urinary tract infection.

In vitro susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in Canada to lefamulin, a new pleuromutilin

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Robert M Taylor ◽  
James A Karlowsky ◽  
Melanie R Baxter ◽  
Heather J Adam ◽  
Andrew Walkty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant global health concern. Pathogens causing CAP demonstrate increasing resistance to commonly prescribed empiric treatments. Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most prevalent bacterial cause of CAP, has been increasing worldwide, highlighting the need for improved antibacterial agents. Lefamulin, a novel pleuromutilin, is a recently approved therapeutic agent highly active against many lower respiratory tract pathogens. However, to date minimal data are available to describe the in vitro activity of lefamulin against bacterial isolates associated with CAP. Methods: Common bacterial causes of CAP obtained from both lower respiratory and blood specimen isolates cultured by hospital laboratories across Canada were submitted to the annual CANWARD study’s coordinating laboratory in Winnipeg, Canada, from January 2015 to October 2018. A total of 876 bacterial isolates were tested against lefamulin and comparator agents using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference broth microdilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted using accepted breakpoints. Results: All S. pneumoniae isolates tested from both respiratory (n = 315) and blood specimens (n = 167) were susceptible to lefamulin (MIC ≤0.5 μg/mL), including isolates resistant to penicillins, clarithromycin, doxycycline, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Lefamulin also inhibited 99.0% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates (regardless of β-lactamase production) (99 specimens; MIC ≤2 μg/mL) and 95.7% of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (MIC ≤0.25 μg/mL; 70 specimens) at their susceptible breakpoints. Conclusions: Lefamulin demonstrated potent in vitro activity against all respiratory isolates tested and may represent a significant advancement in empiric treatment options for CAP.

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