scholarly journals Is there a Role for Preoperative Infusion or Intraoperative Cholangiography?

HPB Surgery ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-345
Author(s):  
W. Y. Lau ◽  
Arthur K. C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Intraoperative Cholangiography ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cbd Stones ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biliary Anomaly ◽  
The Cost

Background: There has been a resurgence of interest in recent years in preoperative infusion cholangiography (PIC). The role of routine PIC compared to routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) has not been clearly defined.Study design: In our department between 1985 and 1991, 1,042 of 1,576 consecutive patients with biliary calculous disease had elective cholecystectomy: 694 patients were prospectively scheduled for PIC, and 348 patients were randomly allocated to IOC. The patients in the PIC and IOC groups were similar with regard to age, history of biliopancreatic complications, and laboratory findings. The cost of PIC in Sweden is nearly five times greater than the cost of IOC.Results: Satisfactory opacification of the biliary system was obtained in 90.1 and 96.8 percent of patients who underwent PIC and IOC, respectively. Preoperative infusion cholangiography required support by IOC in 19.5 percent of patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the PIC and IOC groups with regard to the incidence (7 percent in both groups) of or positive predictive value (68 and 80 percent, respectively) for bile duct stones, rate of retained stones (6 and 20 percent, respectively), intraoperative (5.6 and 6.3 percent, respectively) or postoperative (13.3 and 15.9 percent, respectively) morbidity, or incidence of bile duct anomalies (0.9 and 0.3 percent, respectively). Median operative time was longer in .patients with (95 minutes) compared to those without (75 minutes) IOC (p<0.001). More postoperative complications occurred after bile duct exploration (26 of 75 patients) compared to cholecystectomy alone (114 of 917 patients, p<0.001). The 30-day mortality was zero. Minor bile duct injuries occurred in two patients (0.2 percent) at cholecystectomy, (one with and one without bile duct exploration). In no patient was the cholangiographic finding of a biliary anomaly crucial for the safe execution of cholecystectomy.Conclusions: In our study, PIC and IOC were comparable, but routine use of either method did not promote the safety of cholecystectomy and thus their routine use is not warranted. The shorter operative time and preoperative identification of common bile duct (CBD) stones provided by PIC might favor this examination when applied selectively in patients with increased risk of having CBD stones. However, this potential advantage is offset by the need for PIC to be supported by IOC in approximately 20 percent of patients. Also, the cost of PIC is greater than the cost of IOC.

scholarly journals Routine intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy is a cost-effective approach when analysing the cost of iatrogenic bile duct injuries

HPB ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M.L. Rystedt ◽  
Bobby Tingstedt ◽  
Fredrik Montgomery ◽  
Agneta K. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intraoperative Cholangiography ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
The Cost

Intraoperative Cholangiography and Repair of Bile Duct Injuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Daniel Zamora-Valdés ◽  
Ismael Domínguez ◽  
Miguel A. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Intraoperative Cholangiography ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries

scholarly journals Retrospective comparative analysis of choledochoscopic bile duct exploration versus ERCP for bile duct stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Al-Habbal ◽  
I. Reid ◽  
T. Tiang ◽  
N. Houli ◽  
B. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Open Conversion ◽  
Cbd Stones ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
Metropolitan Hospital ◽  
Cbd Stone

Abstract Debate still exists for the management of choledocholithiasis. The purpose of this study is to quantify the rate of recurrent choledocholithiasis post choledochoscopic bile duct exploration (CBDE) in comparison to ERCP and sphincterotomy, and to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in a busy metropolitan hospital. Data of patients undergoing CBDE from 2009–2014 at the Northern Hospital, Victoria, Australia, was collected retrospectively. Primary outcomes were bile duct clearance rate and rate of recurrent stones post-clearance. Secondary outcomes measured were post-operative complications, laparoscopic to open conversion rate and operative time. Data of patients undergoing ERCP at the same institution was collected and compared. In total, there were 4,091 cholecystectomy cases performed from 2009–2014, of which 260 (6.3%) of patients had an intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) indicating a common bile duct (CBD) stone. Two hundred and forty-eight patients (95.3%) had a CBDE. The remaining 12 patients (4.6%) had radiological clearance, which were excluded from the study. The overall clearance rate for patients undergoing CBDE was 84% (209/248). The risk of recurrent stones up to 8 years post clearance was 2% (4/209). In the same institution, and between 1998–2012, a total of 1,148 patients underwent ERCP, of which 571 had endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Forty-three patients required a repeat ERCP for recurrent CBD stones with a complication rate of 7.5%. Time to recurrence ranged from 6 months to 10 years with a mean of 4.5 years. The rate of recurrence was lower in the CBDE group compared to the patients who had an ERCP (8.9% vs. 2%). CBDE is a feasible and effective method for clearance of CBD stones at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This approach, although not widely used, reduces the need for ERCP, which has inherent complications. In the longer term, this series showed a significant reduction in the rate of CBD stone recurrence.

scholarly journals Prospective evaluation of a selective approach to cholangiography for suspected common bile duct stones

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Horwood ◽  
Fayaz Akbar ◽  
Katherine Davis ◽  
Richard Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Leak ◽  
Bile Duct Stones ◽  
Operative Cholangiography ◽  
Cbd Stones ◽  
Open Operation ◽  
Symptomatic Gallstones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Results

INTRODUCTION Common bile duct (CBD) stones can cause serious morbidity or mortality, and evidence for them should be sought in all patients with symptomatic gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy. Routine intra-operative cholangiography (IOC) involves a large commitment of time and resources, so a policy of selective cholangiography was adopted. This study prospectively evaluated the policy of selective cholangiography for patients suspected of having choledocholithiasis, and aimed to identify the factors most likely to predict the presence of CBD stones positively. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 501 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for symptomatic gallstones, of whom 166 underwent IOC for suspected CBD stones, were prospectively collected. Suspicion of choledocholithiasis was based upon: (i) deranged liver function tests (past or present); (ii) history of jaundice (past or present) or acute pancreatitis; (iii) a dilated CBD or demonstration of CBD stones on imaging; or (iv) a combination of these factors. Patient demographics, intra-operative findings, complications and clinical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Sixty-four cholangiograms were positive (39%). All indications for cholangiogram yielded positive results. Current jaundice yielded the highest positive predictive value (PPV; 86%). A dilated CBD on pre-operative imaging gave a PPV of 45% for CBD calculi; a history of pancreatitis produced a 26% PPV for CBD calculi. Patients with the presence of several factors suggestive of CBD stones yielded higher numbers of positive cholangiograms. Of the 64 patients having a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), four (6%) required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for retained stones (94% successful surgical clearance of the common bile duct) and one (2%) for a bile leak. Of the 335 patients undergoing LC alone, three (0.9%) re-presented with a retained stone, requiring intervention. There were 12 (7%) requiring conversion to open operation. CONCLUSIONS A selective policy for intra-operative cholangiography yields acceptably high positive results. Pre-operatively, asymptomatic bile duct stones rarely present following LC; thus, routine imaging of the biliary tree for occult calculi can safely be avoided. Therefore, a rationing approach to the use of intra-operative imaging based on the pre-operative indicators presented in this paper, successfully identifies those patients with bile duct stones requiring exploration. Laparoscopic bile duct exploration, performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon, is a safe and effective method of clearing the bile duct of calculi, with minimal complications, avoiding the necessity for an additional intervention and prolonged hospital stay.

scholarly journals Are there modifiable risk factors to prevent a cerebrospinal fluid leak following vestibular schwannoma surgery?

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Copeland ◽  
Grant W. Mallory ◽  
Brian A. Neff ◽  
Colin L. W. Driscoll ◽  
Michael J. Link
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

OBJECT The following study was conducted to identify risk factors for a postoperative CSF leak after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. METHODS The authors reviewed a prospectively maintained database of all patients who had undergone resection of a VS at the Mayo Clinic between September 1999 and May 2013. Patients who developed a postoperative CSF leak within 30 days of surgery were compared with those who did not. Data collected included patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, tumor side, history of prior tumor treatment, operative time, surgical approach, and extent of resection. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate all variables as risk factors of a postoperative CSF leak. RESULTS A total of 457 patients were included in the study, with 45 patients (9.8%) developing a postoperative CSF leak. A significant association existed between increasing BMI and a CSF leak, with those classified as overweight (BMI 25–29.9), obese (BMI 30–39.9), or morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) having a 2.5-, 3-, and 6-fold increased risk, respectively. Patients undergoing a translabyrinthine (TL) approach experienced a higher rate of CSF leaks (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.6; p = 0.005), as did those who had longer operative times (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07; p = 0.0006). The BMI, a TL approach, and operative time remained independent risk factors on multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BMI is a risk factor for the development of a postoperative CSF leak following VS surgery. Recognizing this preoperatively can allow surgeons to better counsel patients regarding the risks of surgery as well as perhaps to alter perioperative management in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of a leak. Patients undergoing a TL approach or having longer operative times are also at increased risk of developing a postoperative CSF leak.

A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen in Children: Spontaneous Rupture of Choledochal Cyst Causing Peritonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ozlem Kadirhan ◽  
Sonay Aydin ◽  
Mecit Kantarci
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Spontaneous Rupture ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Cyst Excision ◽  
Bile Duct Cyst ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pancreatic Reflux

Spontaneous rupture of the common bile duct cyst is a rare cause of acute abdomen in children. In our case, we present a 3-year-old patient with no history of trauma, whose diagnosis was confirmed by laparotomy, with a possible suspected common bile duct cyst due to massive ascites and a cystic lesion in the portal area. Although common bile duct cysts are mostly asymptomatic, various studies have shown that malignant transformation can cause important complications such as pancreatitis.Numerous causes have been suggested in the etiopathogenesis of rupture, such as parietal necrosis associated with pancreatic reflux irritation.Since rupture of cysts may require urgent laparotomy such as biliary peritonitis, it is important to know imaging findings that may be warning for early diagnosis. Because of the increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma after cyst excision, cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy are the most common treatment procedures.

scholarly journals Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis: The Swedish Guidelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelle G. Lindqvist ◽  
Margareta Hellgren
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

Obstetric thromboprophylaxis is difficult. Since 10 years Swedish obstetricians have used a combined risk estimation model and recommendations concerning to whom, at what dose, when, and for how long thromboprophylaxis is to be administrated based on a weighted risk score. In this paper we describe the background and validation of the Swedish guidelines for obstetric thromboprophylaxis in women with moderate-high risk of VTE, that is, at similar or higher risk as the antepartum risk among women with history of thrombosis. The risk score is based on major risk factors (i.e., 5-fold increased risk of thromboembolism). We present data on the efficacy of the model, the cost-effectiveness, and the lifestyle advice that is given. We believe that the Swedish guidelines for obstetric thromboprophylaxis aid clinicians in providing women at increased risk of VTE with effective and appropriate thromboprophylaxis, thus avoiding both over- and under-treatment.

scholarly journals Increased Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Common Bile Duct Stone Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4260-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Laukkarinen ◽  
Gediminas Kiudelis ◽  
Marko Lempinen ◽  
Sari Räty ◽  
Hanna Pelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cbd Stones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cbd Stone ◽  
Previous Medical History

Abstract Context: Earlier, we have shown an increased prevalence of previously diagnosed hypothyroidism in common bile duct (CBD) stone patients and a delayed emptying of the biliary tract in hypothyroidism, explained partly by the missing prorelaxing effect of T4 on the sphincter of Oddi contractility. Objective: In this study, the prevalence of previously undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism in CBD stone patients was compared with nongallstone controls. Patients: All patients were clinically euthyreotic and without a history of thyroid function abnormalities. CBD stones were diagnosed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (group 1; n = 303) or ruled out by previous medical history, liver function tests, and ultrasonography (control group II; n = 142). Main Outcome Measures: Serum free FT4 and TSH (S-TSH) were analyzed; S-TSH above the normal range (&gt;6.0 mU/liter) was considered as subclinical and S-TSH 5.0–6.0 mU/liter as borderline-subclinical hypothyroidism. Results: A total of 5.3 and 5.0% (total 10.2%; 31 of 303) of the CBD stone patients were diagnosed to have subclinical and borderline-subclinical hypothyroidism, compared with 1.4% (P = 0.05) and 1.4% (total 2.8%, four of 142; P = 0.026) in the control group, respectively. In women older than 60 yr, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 11.4% in CBD stone and 1.8% in control patients (P = 0.032) and subclinical plus borderline-subclinical hypothyroidism 23.8% in CBD stone and 1.8% in control patients (P = 0.012). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in the CBD stone patients, compared with nongallstone controls, supporting our hypothesis that hypothyroidism might play a role in the forming of CBD stones. At minimum, women older than 60 yr with CBD stones should be screened for borderline or overt subclinical hypothyroidism.

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