scholarly journals Lack of Apoptosis of Infiltrating Cells as the Mechanism of High Susceptibility to EAE in DA Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag L. Lukic ◽  
Eric Mensah-Brown ◽  
Sehamuddin Galadari ◽  
Allen Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Infiltrating Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Experimental Allergic

Dark Agouti (DA) rats are highly susceptible to induction of Th-l-mediated autoimmunity disease, including experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to other susceptible rat strains in which disease is induced only with encephalitogen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvants (CFA), in DA rats EAE develops after injection of encephalitogen in incomplete Freund's adjuvants (IFA) or Titermax, putative Th-2 directed adjuvant. Lymph node cells derived from immunized DA rats and stimulatedinvitroproduce significantly more Interferon-γ(IFN-γ) than resistant Albino Oxford (AO) rats. However, cells derived from both strains produce large amounts of IL-10 but not IL-4. Immunized lymph node cells derived from EAE susceptible (AO × DA) F1rats induce clinical signs of disease in sublethally irradiated parental DA but not AO rats. The pathohistology of the target tissue in these recipients clearly demonstrated infiltration of mononuclear cells in both parental strains. However, the number of CD4+cells was significantly higher and number of apoptotic cells significantly lower in DA rats sacrificed 8 days after passive transfer. We postulate that in addition to higher IFN-γand TNF-α production, resistance to early apoptosis of the invading cells in the target tissue possibly due to lack of downregulation by TGF-β leads to exceptional susceptibility to EAE in DA rats.

scholarly journals THE NATURE AND THE SPECIFICITY OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATIONS AND THE MECHANISMS LEADING TO THEIR ACCUMULATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Werdelin ◽  
Robert T. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Tissue Antigen ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Preferential Accumulation ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

The nature and specificity of the mononuclear cells in passively transferred autoimmune encephalomyelitis and adrenalitis were studied. The recipients were prepared by production of a small heat lesion in the target tissue 5 days before transfer. Within 24 hr after transfer of lymph node cells from donors sensitized with the corresponding tissue antigen, a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate developed around the lesion. When lymph node cells labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine or 3H-adenosine were transferred, a significant number of labeled lymphocytes was found in the infiltrate at 24 or 48 hr. Lymphocytes labeled with 3H-thymidine showed a greater tendency to accumulate than cells labeled with 3H-adenosine, indicating that newly formed lymphocytes were more prone to enter the reaction than older cells. Labeled lymphocytes and macrophages of recipient origin and labeled lymphocytes from donors stimulated with B. pertussis were also shown to accumulate around the heat lesion provided the reaction had been initiated by transfer of unlabeled lymphocytes from donors sensitized to the appropriate tissue-specific antigen. In recipients which were given lymph node cells from two groups of donors, sensitized either to spinal cord or to adrenal antigens, with cells from only one group of donors labeled, equal percentages of labeled cells were found around each lesion. Thus, no evidence of preferential accumulation of specifically sensitized lymphocytes was obtained. In recipients which received whole body irradiation on the day of production of the heat lesions, 5 days before transfer of lymph node cells from appropriately sensitized donors, neither monocytes nor lymphocytes accumulated around the lesion. However, if the tibial bone marrow was shielded or if bone marrow cells were given to the recipients shortly after irradiation, inflammation developed as in normal recipients. In recipients which were irradiated 24 hr after the transfer of unlabeled lymph node cells from donors sensitized to the appropriate tissue antigen and then given labeled lymph node cells from B. pertussis-stimulated donors, labeled lymphocytes were found in the reaction 24 hr later. This accumulation occurred although virtually all the lymphocytes present in the lesion at 24 hr after the first transfer were destroyed by the irradiation. The results are interpreted as follows. The autoimmune reaction is initiated by the arrival at the site of a few specifically sensitized lymphocytes, probably on a random basis. After contact with antigen, factors are produced and released which cause the influx of monocytes and of lymphocytes, in particular newly formed ones, of various specificities. There is no preferential accumulation of specifically sensitized cells. The influx of lymphocytes appears to require the presence of monocytes or macrophages in the reaction.

scholarly journals Cytokine Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Lymph Node Cells from Piglets Infected In Utero with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aasted ◽  
P. Bach ◽  
J. Nielsen ◽  
P. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Bronchial Lymph Node

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after birth cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial lymph node cells from piglets infected in utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Technically, by flow cytometry we were able to measure gamma interferon (γ-IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-8 levels. In general, we found increases in the percentages of IL-4-, γ-IFN-, and TNF-α-producing lymphocytes in the infected piglets compared to the percentages in the uninfected control animals, while there was a decrease in the percentage of IL-8-producing monocytes. We believe that these findings reflect a general lymphocyte activation stage that is created due to the infection and that occurs in combination with impairment of the monocyte function, possibly due to the ongoing viral replication in these cells. Single-cell bronchial lymph node preparations exhibited very much the same cytokine profiles as peripheral blood mononuclear cells except for a lack of IL-8 production. When the levels of the individual cytokines in the three groups of PRRSV-infected piglets were compared, the levels of cytokine expression at 4 weeks diverged from those at 2 and 6 weeks, in that there was a significant decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes producing γ-IFN and TNF-α. This tendency was also observed among blood monocytes and lymph node macrophages. Possible reasons for this temporary immunosuppression in the piglets at 4 weeks are discussed.

scholarly journals Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats using supernates of incubated sensitized lymph node cells.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Whitacre ◽  
P Y Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Transfer Activity ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Experimental Allergic

Supernates derived from incubated lymph node cells of Lewis rats sensitized to guinea pig spinal cord-Freund's adjuvant transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to syngeneic recipients. EAE supernatant transfer activity (EAE-STA) is not demonstrable in supernates derived from LNC of control donors not sensitized to nervous tissue. After addition of brain antigen to active supernates, EAE-STA is not longer demonstrable.

scholarly journals Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia by lymph node cells in inbred guinea pigs.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Tarrab-Hazdi ◽  
A Aharonov ◽  
O Abramsky ◽  
I Yaar ◽  
S Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Myasthenia ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia (EAM) was performed with lymph node cells from donor guinea pigs immunized with purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica. Recipient animals revealed the same clinical signs and electromyographic patterns as observed in actively challenged animals. These phenomena are parallel to the clinical manifestations of the human disease myasthenia gravis, in which cellular response to AChR was recently demonstrated.

The Effect of Acupuncture on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Patients with Chronic Headache: A Preliminary Report

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 945-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ja Jeong ◽  
Seung-Heon Hong ◽  
Yong-Che Nam ◽  
Hee-Sook Yang ◽  
Yeoung-Su Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α

Acupuncture has been widely used as a treatment for various conditions like headache and stroke, especially in Asian countries such as Korea and China. But few scientific investigations have been carried out. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of acupuncture on the production of inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic headache (CH). Patients with CH were treated with acupuncture during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CH disappeared markedly after three months of treatment with acupuncture. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a normal group and those from the patients with CH, before and after treatment with acupuncture, were cultured for 24 hours in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amount of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS culture supernatant was significantly increased in the patients with CH compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05). But those cytokines came down toward the levels of the healthy group (p < 0.05) after treatment with acupuncture, although the levels still remained elevated. Plasma cytokine levels were analyzed to evaluate any change due to acupuncture treatment. There was little difference in the levels of IL-1β or IL-6 due to the treatment with acupuncture in the patients with CH, but significantly reduced plasma levels of TNF-α were observed. These data suggest that acupuncture treatment has an inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in patients with CH.

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