scholarly journals Cytokine Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Lymph Node Cells from Piglets Infected In Utero with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aasted ◽  
P. Bach ◽  
J. Nielsen ◽  
P. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Bronchial Lymph Node

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after birth cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial lymph node cells from piglets infected in utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Technically, by flow cytometry we were able to measure gamma interferon (γ-IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-8 levels. In general, we found increases in the percentages of IL-4-, γ-IFN-, and TNF-α-producing lymphocytes in the infected piglets compared to the percentages in the uninfected control animals, while there was a decrease in the percentage of IL-8-producing monocytes. We believe that these findings reflect a general lymphocyte activation stage that is created due to the infection and that occurs in combination with impairment of the monocyte function, possibly due to the ongoing viral replication in these cells. Single-cell bronchial lymph node preparations exhibited very much the same cytokine profiles as peripheral blood mononuclear cells except for a lack of IL-8 production. When the levels of the individual cytokines in the three groups of PRRSV-infected piglets were compared, the levels of cytokine expression at 4 weeks diverged from those at 2 and 6 weeks, in that there was a significant decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes producing γ-IFN and TNF-α. This tendency was also observed among blood monocytes and lymph node macrophages. Possible reasons for this temporary immunosuppression in the piglets at 4 weeks are discussed.

Evidence for late stage compartmentalization of HIV-1 resistance mutations between lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 2273-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da' N. Haddad ◽  
Christopher Birch ◽  
Tracy Middleton ◽  
Dominic E. Dwyer ◽  
Anthony L. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Dihydroxylated phenolic acids derived from microbial metabolism reduce lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Monagas ◽  
Nasiruddin Khan ◽  
Cristina Andrés-Lacueva ◽  
Mireia Urpí-Sardá ◽  
Mónica Vázquez-Agell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ols (proanthocyanidins) are very abundant in the Mediterranean diet, but are poorly absorbed. However, when these polyphenols reach the colon, they are metabolised by the intestinal microbiota into various phenolic acids, including phenylpropionic, phenylacetic and benzoic acid derivatives. Since the biological properties of these metabolites are not completely known, in the present study, we investigated the effect of the following microbial phenolic metabolites: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3,4-DHPPA), 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxyhippuric acid (4-HHA), on modulation of the production of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The production of these cytokines by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) pre-treated with the phenolic metabolites was studied in six healthy volunteers. With the exception of 4-HHA for TNF-α secretion, only the dihydroxylated compounds, 3,4-DHPPA and 3,4-DHPAA, significantly inhibited the secretion of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated PBMC. Mean inhibition of the secretion of TNF-α by 3,4-DHPPA and 3,4-DHPAA was 84·9 and 86·4 %, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6 in the culture supernatant were reduced by 88·8 and 92·3 % with 3,4-DHPPA and 3,4-DHPAA pre-treatment, respectively. Finally, inhibition was slightly higher for IL-1β, 93·1 % by 3,4-DHPPA and 97·9 % by 3,4-DHPAA. These results indicate that dihydroxylated phenolic acids derived from microbial metabolism present marked anti-inflammatory properties, providing additional information about the health benefits of dietary polyphenols and their potential value as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Modulation of the Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Stimulation with a High Molecular Weight β-glucan Isolated fromLactobacillus fermentumLf2

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vitlic ◽  
Sohaib Sadiq ◽  
Hafiz I. Ahmed ◽  
Elisa C. Ale ◽  
Ana G. Binetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACTLactobacillus fermentumLf 2 produces large amounts of exopolysaccharides under optimized conditions (∼2 g/L, EPS) which have been shown to possess immunomodulatory activity. In this study, the crude EPS was fractionated to give a high molecular weight (HMw) homoglycan and a mixture of medium molecular weight heteroglycans. The HMw EPS was isolated and identified as a β-glucan.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were pre-treated with purified polysaccharide to determine if the HMw β-glucan is responsible for the immunomodulatory activity. Cells were also stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and their effects, both with and without β-glucan pre-treatment, compared.Exposure of the cells to β-glucan increased their metabolic activity and whilst a small but statistically significant drop in CD14 expression was observed at Day 1, the levels were significantly elevated at Day 2. High levels of CD14 expression were observed in cells initially exposed to the β-glucan and subsequently stimulated with either LPS or PHA. In contrast, reduced levels of TLR-2 expression were observed for cells initially exposed to the β-glucan and subsequently stimulated with LPS.TNF-α levels were elevated in β-glucan treated cells (Day1) with the levels dropping back once the β-glucan had been removed (Day 2). The stimulants LPS and PHA both induced significant rises in TNF-α levels, however, this induction was completely (LPS) or partially blocked (PHA) in β-glucan pre-treated cells.The results indicate a role for the bacterial β-glucan in modulating the immune response following exposure to agonists such as bacterial LPS.

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